• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.956-970
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• 2006

The purposes of this study was to analyze the characteristics of national races' costumes in Chinese contemporary costumes. For the purpose, this researcher concentrated on the relations between national races' costumes and Chinese contemporary costumes and discuss systematically depending on references such as fashion magazines, picture albums, and historical records. The results of study were as follows: First, the formation of fashion has been influenced by Man, Uighur, and Choson races. For example, Qipao, the tight style of Man race's fashion, Uighur race's bell style sleeve and cyclic skirt are applied to women's modern fashion. Second, weaving, printing, and embroidery technique of a minority race developed more than Han race, so applied still. Recently, Chinese contemporary costumes accepted the weaving technique of Miao and Uighur race through publicizing of a minority culture. Third, a national race's costumes are famous with splendid design and applied to modern fashion directly. They are commonly made to hair pin, necklace, earing, bracelet and so on. Recently, styles from a national race's costumes and old style are becoming popular to Chinese and it's easier to found such a fashion in market.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.785-793
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• 2019

Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the most damaging disease in Brassica crops around the world. In this study, we developed a molecular marker specific to Xcc race 5. To do this, the available whole genome sequences of Xcc races/strains and Xc subspecies were aligned and identified a highly variable genomic region (XccR5-89.2). Subsequently, a primer set covering the 'XccR5-89.2' region was designed and tested against the genomic DNA of Xcc races/strains, Xc subspecies and other plant-infecting bacterial strains (Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora). The results showed that the 'XccR5-89.2' primer pair amplified a 2,172-bp fragment specific to Xcc race 5. Moreover, they also amplified a 1,515-bp fragment for Xcc race 1 and an over 3,000-bp fragment for Xcc race 3. However, they did not amplify any fragments from the remaining Xcc races/strains, subspecies or other bacterial strains. The 'XccR5-89.2' primer pair was further PCR amplified from race-unknown Xcc strains and ICMP8 was identified as race 5 among nine race-unknown Xcc strains. Further cloning and sequencing of the bands amplified from race 5 and ICMP8 with 'XccR5-89.2' primers revealed both carrying identical sequences. The results showed that the 'XccR5-89.2' marker can effectively and proficiently detect, and identify Xcc race 5 from Xcc races/strains, subspecies and other plant-infecting bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first report for an Xcc race 5-specific molecular marker.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.418-427
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• 2020

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the pathogen of black rot which is the most destructive disease of Brassica vegetables throughout the world. Here, we reported two novel sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (i.e., XccR6-60 and XccR6-67) for the detection of Xcc race 6 via re-alignment of the complete genome sequences of Xcc races/strains/pathovars. The specificity of SCAR primer sets was verified by mean of PCR amplification using the genomic DNA template of Xcc races/strains/pathovars and two other plant infecting bacterial strains. The PCR result revealed that the XccR6-60 and XccR6-67 primer sets amplified 692-bp and 917-bp DNA fragments, respectively, specifically from race 6, while no visible amplification was detected in other samples. In addition, the SCAR primers were highly sensitive and can detect from a very low concentration of genomic DNA of Xcc race 6. However, the complete genome sequence of Xcc race 6 is not yet publicly available. Therefore, the cloning and sequencing of XccR6-60 and XccR6-67 fragments from race 6 provide more evidence of the specificity of these markers. These results indicated that the newly developed SCAR markers can successfully, effectively and rapidly detect Xcc race 6 from other Xcc races/strains/pathovars as well as other plant pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report for race-specific molecular markers for Xcc race 6.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2007

국내의 여러 배추 생산지로부터 뿌리혹을 채집하여 단포자 균주(SSI)를 분리하였다. 분리한 단포자를 접종한 후 총 321개의 뿌리를 수거하여 병징 발현 여부를 관찰하였다. 접종한 개체 중 단 한 개체에서만 작은 혹이 형성되었고, 70개 개체에서 미약한 기형 증상을 보였다. 이들 이상 증상을 보인 개체를 마쇄하여 단포자 균주의 안정적 증식을 위한 접종원으로 사용하였다. 단포자를 접종하여 발병시킨 개체로부터 얻은 포자들을 재접종하였을 때가 1차 단포자 접종하였을 때보다 병징이 훨씬 확대되었고, 이후 실험에 사용할 수 있을 정도로 증식된 개체는 15균주였다. 이 15균주들을 Williams의 판별기주에 접종하여 분석하였을 때, race 1이 4균주, race 4는 7균주, race 9는 2균주, race 11이 2균주로 각각 판별되어, race 4가 국내에 가장 우점하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이들 race들은 모두 배추, 무, 순무에 단포자 접종하여 얻어진 균주들로, 병원성 검정에서도 4종의 판별품종 중 Rutabaga 계열(스페인산 순무)에 속하는 'Laurentian'과 'Wilhelmsburger' 두 품종에만 병원성을 보였다. 따라서 이 race들이 배추, 무, 순무에 대해 강한 병원성을 보이는 것으로 보아 국내의 P. brassicae 군집은 배추와 무, 순무 등에 강한 병원성을 나타내는 race가 우점하는 것으로 판단된다. 이는 이들 작물이 병 발생량에 따른 국내 십자화과 채소 감수 비율과도 연관이 있으리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2016

국내 멜론 및 박과채소 재배농가(안성, 이천, 영암, 창녕, 순천)에서 발병하고 있는 멜론 흰가루병균을 채집한 후 흰가루병균의 형태학적 특성을 이용한 종류 구분 및 멜론 race 판별계통을 이용한 국내에서 발병하고 있는 흰가루병균의 race를 확인하였다. 그 결과 국내 멜론 흰가루병균의 종류는 Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea)였으며, 기존에 보고된 race 1, N2, A와 판별결과가 일치하는 3 종류의 균주가 분리되었다. 또한 기존에 보고된 race (1, N1, N2, A, S, 5)와 검정 결과가 다른 새로운 race의 흰가루병균 2종이 동정되었다. 그리고 5개의 분리 및 동정된 흰가루병균을 이용하여 국내 시판중인 멜론 15품종에 대한 저항성을 조사한 결과, race1에 대해서는 15품종 중 9품종이 저항성을 보였다. Race N2와 A대해서는 소수의 품종에서 저항성을 보였으며, 새로운 race BN968에서는 15품종 모두가 이병성을 나타내었다. 또한 멜론 흰가루병 race 1 저항성 DNA 마커 KPMR1M-1과 KPMR1M-2에 의한 이병성 및 저항성 판별 결과와 race 1 접종 결과는 일치하였다. 따라서 국내 멜론 품종 육종에 있어서 다양한 race 특이적 마커 개발 및 이를 활용한 복합 race 저항성 품종 개발이 요구된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2018

Recently, the horse racing industry in Korea has developed rapidly with good betting turnover. One of the most important factors in enhancing the performance of racehorses is the study of equine exercise physiology. This study was performed to analyze the results of pre-race blood test on race day and evaluate its correlation with the race performance in Thoroughbred racehorses. Twenty-one, healthy 3- to 6-year-old Thoroughbred horses were used to collect blood samples and hematological and biochemical measurements were performed. Results were analyzed to identify its correlation with racing performance. Analysis of hematological profile of pre-race blood of the racehorses revealed that red blood cell indices including RBC, Hb, and PCV levels were elevated. Additionally, levels of AP, AST, and GGT were also elevated in pre-race blood of horses on race day. RBC, Hb, and PCV levels of high performance racehorses were significantly lower than those of low class racehorses. Moreover, the analysis of correlation between blood test results and racing ability-related categories have shown negative correlations for rating, placing strike rate, prize money per race, RBC, Hb, and PCV and positive correlations for G3F and PCV. Additionally, AST value was positively correlated to prize money per race. Thus, the results of this study show that red blood cell indices and AST are good parameters for evaluating racing performance of horses before the race.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.506-513
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• 2018

Clubroot is one of the most economically important diseases of the Brassicaceae family. Clubroot disease is caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae, which is difficult to study because it is nonculturable in the laboratory and its races are genetically variable worldwide. In Korea, there are at least five races that belongs to four pathotype groups. A recent study conducted in Korea attempted to develop molecular markers based on ribosomal DNA polymorphism to detect P. brassicae isolates, but none of those markers was either race-specific or pathotype-specific. Our current study aimed to develop race- and isolate-specific markers by exploiting genomic sequence variations. A total of 119 markers were developed based on unique variation exists in genomic sequences of each of the races. Only 12 markers were able to detect P. brassicae strains of each isolate or race. Ycheon14 markers was specific to isolates of race 2, Yeoncheon and Hoengseong. Ycheon9 and Ycheon10 markers were specific to Yeoncheon isolate (race 2, pathotype 3), ZJ1-3, ZJ1-4 and ZJ1-5 markers were specific to Haenam2 (race 4) isolate, ZJ1-35, ZJ1-40, ZJ1-41 and ZJ1-49 markers were specific to Hoengseong isolate and ZJ1-56 and ZJ1-64 markers were specific to Pyeongchang isolate (race 4, pathotype 3). The PCR-based sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers developed in this study are able to detect five Korean isolates of P. brassicae. These markers can be utilized in identifying four Korean P. brassicae isolates from different regions. Additional effort is required to develop race- and isolate-specific markers for the remaining Korean isolates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2023

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a plant pathogen of Brassica crops that causes black rot disease throughout the world. At present, 11 physiological races of Xcc (races 1-11) have been reported. The conventional method of using differential cultivars for Xcc race detection is not accurate and it is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of specific molecular markers has been used as a substitute tool because it offers an accurate and reliable result, particularly a quick diagnosis of Xcc races. Previously, our laboratory has successfully developed race-specific molecular markers for Xcc races 1-6. In this study, specific molecular markers to identify Xcc race 7 have been developed. In the course of study, whole genome sequences of several Xcc races, X. campestris pv. incanae, X. campestris pv. raphani, and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were aligned to identify variable regions like sequence-characterized amplified regions and insertions and deletions specific to race 7. Primer pairs were designed targeting these regions and validated against 22 samples. The polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that three primer pairs specifically amplified the DNA fragment corresponding to race 7. The obtained finding clearly demonstrates the efficiency of the newly developed markers in accurately detecting Xcc race 7 among the other races. These results indicated that the newly developed marker can successfully and rapidly detect Xcc race 7 from other races. This study represents the first report on the successful development of specific molecular markers for Xcc race 7.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제12권
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• pp.23-28
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• 1994

감미종 고추에 더뎅이병(病)에 대한 저항성(抵抗性)을 도입하기 위하여 품질이 우수하면서 국내 적응성이 뛰어난 피만계 품종 Keystone Resistant Giant #3과 더뎅이병에 저항성인 PI271322를 교배하여 그 후대의 유전적 분리 양상을 조사한 결과 더뎅이병균 race 1에 대하여는 저항성(抵抗性)이 과민형반응(過敏型反應)으로 나타났으며 여기에는 한개의 우성유전자가 관여하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. race 3에 대해서는 발병정도가 연속적(連續的) 변이(變異)를 나타내어 저항성은 양적유전(量的遺傳)을 하는 것으로 나타났다. $F_2$ 집단에서 비과민형반응을 나타내는 개체간의 race 1에 대한 발병지수(發病指數)와 race 3에 대한 발병지수 간에는 고도(高度)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있는 것으로 나타나 PI271322에 들어 있는 비과민형의 일반저항성 성분은 race에 비특이적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 $BC_1$에서 race 1에 과민형반응을 나타내고 race 3에 저항성인 개체를 선발하여 여교잡(戾交雜)육종을 계속할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2015

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) commonly occurs in cultivated fields of melon (Cucumis melo L.). It inflicts a lot of damages. Therefore, breeding resistant lines is essential. Development of a resistant line by integrating resistance gene takes a long time. In addition, break down of developed resistance by generating new virulent fungus strains increases disease susceptibility. This phenomenon was related to races of powdery mildew. Therefore, it is important to develop a DNA marker to genetically analyze race-specific resistance genes of melon powdery mildew to breed resistant lines. To date, a total of 28 races of Podosphaera xanthii have been reported in the literature. In Japan, 10 races have been reported in the Ibaraki region. We developed a system to characterize the races of Podosphaera xanthii and confirmed eight out of those 10 races in the Ibaraki region. In Korea, only one race has been characterized to date. However, some different races were detected. Through genetic analysis of resistant lines and susceptible lines of powdery mildew, resistance genes of race1 (Pm-X, PXB, and Pm-R 1), race N1 (PXA), race 2 (Pm-w and Pm-R 2), race 3 (Pm-X3), and race 5 (Pm-X5 and Pm-R5) were identified in melon. These related genes of race 1, 3, N1, 5, and race 1, 2, 5 were located at linkage group II and V, respectively. In race 1, resistance gene was located in the linkage group XII. In addition, each race-specific marker related to specific resistance gene was developed. Using race information and race selection system obtained in this study, resistant line can be bred to develop resistant cultivar for several areas. Furthermore, this will make it more easily and economically to breed resistant lines by using selected markers.