• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.685-696
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• 2015

Rice is a model plant widely used for basic and applied research programs. Plant cell wall proteins play key roles in a broad range of biological processes. However, presently, knowledge on the rice cell wall proteome is rudimentary in nature. In the present study, the tightly-bound cell wall proteome of rice callus cultured cells using sequential extraction protocols was developed using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics methods, leading to the identification of 1568 candidate proteins. Based on bioinformatics analyses, 389 classical rice cell wall proteins, possessing a signal peptide, and 334 putative non-classical cell wall proteins, lacking a signal peptide, were identified. By combining previously established rice cell wall protein databases with current data for the classical rice cell wall proteins, a comprehensive rice cell wall proteome, comprised of 496 proteins, was constructed. A comparative analysis of the rice and Arabidopsis cell wall proteomes revealed a high level of homology, suggesting a predominant conservation between monocot and eudicot cell wall proteins. This study importantly increased information on cell wall proteins, which serves for future functional analyses of these identified rice cell wall proteins.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2024

Objectives This study aims to explore the trends of Korean Medicine treatments for Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) using a scoping review. Based on analyzing trends and results, we provide a comprehensive overview and suggest directions for future research in Korean Medicine treatments. Methods The study analyzed the trends in Korean medicine treatments for MPS over the past 20 years by using the scoping review method proposed by Arksey & O'Malley. Researchers searched databases including three international databases(PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Libaray) and three domestic databases(Science ON, KMBASE, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System) using keywords such as "Myofascial Pain Syndrome", "Myofascial pain" and various Korean medicine treatments. Results A total of 30 studies were included in this review. The number of studies has increased over the last decade. Most studies were conducted in Asia, particularly China. Acupuncture was the most frequently studied intervention, used in 43.4% of the studies. The main outcomes of the studies used VAS, NRS, MPQ, ROM and PPT. Although 18 studies showed significant benefits from Korean medicine treatments, there was inconsistency in evaluation methods and treatment protocols. Conclusions This study reviews the current trends in research on Korean medicine treatments for MPS. However, there is a need for more standardized research to establish the efficacy of various Korean medicine treatments. Future studies should focus on standardized evaluation criteria and expanding the range of treatments explored to build a stronger evidence base.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.82-103
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• 1997

Background : With increased concerns about variation among physician's practice pattern and their impact on the quality of care, clinical practice guidelines have been developed by many different organizations, with differing aims and incentives. From the same point of view, there is growing interest in the development of clinical practice guidelines in Korea, but with only a few examples. As a result, there is not much exploration on the incentive and barrier to develop guidelines as well as description on the development process. The purposes of this study are to describe the process of the four different clinical practice guidelines in a hospital setting, and to identify incentives and barriers in the development of guidelines. Methods : For this research, a clinical practice guideline development committee and four clinical practice guideline development teams were organized in a university hospital which has more than 1,200 bead. Twenty eight doctors, three nurses, and one technician participated as members of development teams for eight months. Four to six meetings were held, and three to seven departments in the hospital were involved. Results : The topics which developed into clinical practice guidelines were cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), blood transfusion, anticoagulation, and angiography. The main goals set by teams were education(CPR, angiography), risk management(blood transfusion), and to enhance quality of care(anticoagulation). Among four teams, only in the team for anticoagulation guideline medical record review and pilot-testing were performed. Also literature review was not carried out systematically. However, all the guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary be used as standard protocols in the practice. Conclusion : Experience and skill in developing process has to be improved to have a more valid and useful practice guideline. In particular, literature review and problem identification by examining medical record should be emphasized. Also further studies on the clinical outcomes of the guidelines application and changes in physicians' behaviors would be required.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2004

Schwann cell, one of important components of peripheral nervous system, interact with neurons to mutually support the growth and replication of embryonal nerves and to maintain the different functions of adult nerves. The Ara-C, known as an antimitotic agent, have been used to have high effectiveness in eliminating fibroblasts during Schwann cell culture period. This enrichment effect is also known to be cummulative with each successive pulse of Ara-C applied and is due to a progressive loss of fibroblasts. But the cytotoxicity by Ara-C is also cummulative and noticeable over the period. To determine the most effective application time and interval of Ara-C in the Schwann cell culture, we observed the Schwann cell purity and density with the Ara-C treatment in plain and three-dimensional culture from dorsal root ganglion of new born rat. By culturing dispersed dorsal root ganglia, we can repeatedly generate homogenous Schwann cells, and cellular morphology and cell count with mean percentages were evaluated in the plain culture dishes and in the immunostainings of S-100 and GFAP in the three-dimensional culture. The Ara-C treated cultures showed a higher Schwann cell percentage ($31.0%{\pm}8.09%$ in P4 group to $65.5%{\pm}24.08%$ in P2 group), compared with that obtained in the abscence of Ara-C ($17.6%{\pm}6.03%$) in the plain culture after 2 weeks. And in the three-dimensional culture, S-100 positive cells increased to $56.22%{\pm}0.67%$ and GFAP positive cells to $66.46%{\pm}1.83%$ in G2 group (p<0.05), higher yield than other groups with Ara-C application. Therefore, we concluded that the Ara-C treatment is effective for the proliferation of Schwann cells contrast to the fibroblasts in vitro culture, and the first application after 24 hours from cell harvesting and subsequent 2 pulse treatment (P2 group in plain culture and G2 group in three-dimensional culture) was more effective than other application protocols.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2010년도 정기총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.12-12
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• 2010

We developed droplet-vitrification protocol, a combination of droplet-freezing and solution-based vitrification, and applied to germplasm collections of garlic, potato, lily as well as cell lines, including hairy roots, somatic embryos. To establish a garlic cryobank, four Korean garlic field collections at Danyang, Suwon, Mokpo and Namhae were cryopreserved last five years. The protocol applied consisted of preculture for 3-4 days at $10^{\circ}C$ on solid MS medium with 0.3M sucrose, loading for 40 min in liquid medium with 35% PVS3, dehydration with PVS3 for 150 min, cooling in $5{\mu}l$ droplets of PVS3 placed on aluminum foil strips by dipping these strips in liquid nitrogen, warming them by plunging the foil strips into pre-heated($40^{\circ}C$) 0.8M sucrose solution for 30s. A total of over 900 accessions of garlic were stored in liquid nitrogen for long-term conservation using unripe inflorescences, cloves or bulbils. Twelve alternative plant vitrification solutions were designed by modifying cryoprotectant concentrations from the original PVS2 and PVS3. The results suggest that PVS2-based vitrification solutions with increased glycerol and sucrose and/or decreased DMSO and EG concentrations can be applied for medium size explants which are tolerant to chemical toxicity and moderately sensitive to osmotic stress. PVS3 and variants can be used widely when samples are heterogeneous, of large size and/or very sensitive to chemical toxicity and tolerant to osmotic stress.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2015

Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether the expression of baseline phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) levels were prognostic in terms of stage and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, 130 patients were selected at the time of diagnosis oflung cancer (100 with NSCLC and 30 with SCLC), before the initialization of any chemo-radiotherapy. The median age was 67 (range 29-92). IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IV stages were present in 3, 4, 19, 6, 25, 8, and 65 patients, respectively. After centrifugation, the levels of serum P and Mg were measured using the nephelometric method/ photometry and evaluated before any type of treatment. Results: Higher than normal levels of P were found in 127/130 patients, while only four patients had elevated Mg serum values. In terms of Spearman test, higher P serum values correlated with either stage (rho=- 0.334, p<0.001) or OS (rho=-0.212, p=0.016). Additionally, a significant negative correlation of Mg serum levels was found with stage of disease (rho=-0.135, P=0.042). On multivariate cox-regression survival analysis, only stage (p<0.01), performance status (p<0.01) and P serum (p=0.045) showed a significant prognostic value. Conclusions: Our study indicated that pre-treatment P serum levels in lung cancer patients are higher than the normal range. Moreover, P and Mg serum levels are predictive of stage of disease. Along with stage and performance status, the P serum levels had also a significant impact on survival. This information may be important for stratifying patients to specific treatment protocols or intensifying their therapies. However, larger series are now needed to confirm our results.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2011

계면활성제인 4-alkylphenol polyethoxylate는 한국 등 여러 국가에서 매우 광범위하계 사용되어 왔으나 이들 화합물 및 분해산물이 최근 내분비계에 장애를 일으키는 환경호르몬 물질로 분류됨에 따라 농약 등의 첨가물로 사용가능한 nonylphenols(NPs)에 대한 잔류 연구가 매우 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 극미량 정밀 잔류분석기술이 필요한 nonylphenols에 대하여 분석용매 몇 정제용 카트리지 선정에 필요한 전처리기술에 대해 보고하고자 한다. 분석 결과에 따르면, HPLC등급의 용매이라 할지라도 $Et_2O$의 경우 100배 농축 용매에서 NPs가 검출되어 시료 분석 시 방해요인으로 작용하였으며, 이의 제거를 위해 $CaH_2$를 사용한 증류 후 사용법을 개발하였다. 또한, 시료정제용 카트리지는 silica gel 및 Florisil 제품군, 그리고 glass ware과 plastic ware로 나누어 카트리지 내 nonylphenols 잔류량을 분석한 결과 silica gel 제품군 glass ware 제품이 전처리 정제용으로 적합한 것으로 확인되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

Cardiotoxicity, particularly drug-induced Torsades de Pointes (TdP), is a concern in drug safety assessment. The recent establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (human iPSC-CMs) has become an attractive human-based platform for predicting cardiotoxicity. Moreover, electrophysiological assessment of multiple cardiac ion channel blocks is emerging as an important parameter to recapitulate proarrhythmic cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed to establish a novel in vitro multiple cardiac ion channel screening-based method using human iPSC-CMs to predict the drug-induced arrhythmogenic risk. To explain the cellular mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity of three representative TdP high- (sotalol), intermediate- (chlorpromazine), and low-risk (mexiletine) drugs, and their effects on the cardiac action potential (AP) waveform and voltage-gated ion channels were explored using human iPSC-CMs. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we investigated the effects of cardioactive channel inhibitors on the electrophysiological profile of human iPSC-CMs before evaluating the cardiotoxicity of these drugs. In human iPSC-CMs, sotalol prolonged the AP duration and reduced the total amplitude (TA) via selective inhibition of I_Kr and I_Na currents, which are associated with an increased risk of ventricular tachycardia TdP. In contrast, chlorpromazine did not affect the TA; however, it slightly increased AP duration via balanced inhibition of I_Kr and I_Ca currents. Moreover, mexiletine did not affect the TA, yet slightly reduced the AP duration via dominant inhibition of I_Ca currents, which are associated with a decreased risk of ventricular tachycardia TdP. Based on these results, we suggest that human iPSC-CMs can be extended to other preclinical protocols and can supplement drug safety assessments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2657-2662
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• 2013

Background: Intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy has now become the standard of care for patients with clinically node negative breast cancer for diagnosis and also in order to determine the need for immediate axillary clearance. Several large scale studies confirmed the diagnostic reliability of this method. However, micrometastases are frequently missed on frozen sections. Recent studies showed that both disease free interval and overall survival are significantly affected by the presence of micrometastatic disease. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative frozen section analysis of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for the detection of breast cancer micrometastasis and to evaluate the status of non-sentinel lymph nodes (non-SLNs) in those patients subjected to further axillary sampling. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 154 patients who underwent SLN biopsy from January 2008 till October 2011. The SLNs were sectioned at 2 mm intervals and submitted entirely for frozen sections. Three levels of each section submitted are examined and the results were compared with further levels on paraffin sections. Results: Overall 40% of patients (62/154) were found to be SLN positive on final (paraffin section) histology, out of which 44 demonstrated macrometastases (>2mm) and 18 micrometastases (<2mm). The overall sensitivity and specificity of frozen section analysis of SLN for the detection of macrometastasis was found to be 100% while those for micrometastasis were 33.3% and 100%, respectively. Moreover 20% of patients who had micrometastases in SLN had positive non-SLNs on final histology. Conclusions: Frozen section analysis of SLNs lacks sufficient accuracy to rule out micrometastasis by current protocols. Therefore these need to be revised in order to pick up micrometastasis which appears to have clinical significance. We suggest that this can be achieved by examining more step sections of blocks.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2012

많은 약물들이 개의 진정 및 마취를 위해 근육내 투여를 통해 사용되고 있다. 개 마취를 위한 많은 근육내 병용투여 방법이 정립되었으나 xylazine-diazepam-ketamine 병용투여에 대한 연구는 미흡하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 개에서 xylazine-diazepam-ketamine 병용투여의 영향을 연구하는 것이다. 12 마리의 혼혈 종 개를 사용하였으며 diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), xylazine (1.1 mg/kg)에 두 가지 용량의 ketamine (5 mg/kg; group 1, 10 mg/kg; group 2)을 근육내로 투여하여 비교하였다. 마취 시간은 group 2에서 group 1과 비교 시 유의적으로 길었으며 혈압은 약물 투여 후 두 군에서 모두 유의적으로 증가 하였다. $S_aO_2$ 수준도 약물 투여 후 두 군에서 모두 유의적으로 감소 하였다. 마취는 두 군에서 모두 적절히 이루어졌다. 본 실험 결과 diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), xylazine (1.1 mg/kg)에 두 가지 용량의 ketamine (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg)의 병용투여는 개에서 짧은 시간의 깊은 진정 및 마취 시에 사용할 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 생각된다.