• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2014

Multispectral image classification of individual tree species is often difficult because of the spectral similarity among species. In this study, we attempted to analyze the suitability of hyperspectral image to classify coniferous tree species. Several image sets and classification methods were applied and the classification results were compared with the ones from multispectral image. Two airborne hyperspectral images (AISA, CASI) were obtained over the study area in the Gwangneung National Forest. For the comparison, ETM+ multispectral image was simulated using hyperspectral images as to have lower spectral resolution. We also used the transformed hyperspectral data to reduce the data volume for the classification. Three supervised classification schemes (SAM, SVM, MLC) were applied to thirteen image sets. In overall, hyperspectral image provides higher accuracies than multispectral image to discriminate coniferous species. AISA-dual image, which include additional SWIR spectral bands, shows the best result as compared with other hyperspectral images that include only visible and NIR bands. Furthermore, MNF transformed hyperspectral image provided higher classification accuracies than the full-band and other band reduced data. Among three classifiers, MLC showed higher classification accuracy than SAM and SVM classifiers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.188-192
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• 1990

Sixteen amino acids in the hydrolysates of fulvic acid fraction from 7 plant materials were determined. Analyzed amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamie acid, arginine, histidine, lysine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleusine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine, threonine, proline, and methionine. Four crop residues, wild grass cuttings and forest tree litters were put under investigation. 1. The content of amino acids in fulvic acid fractions extracted after 90 days of compositing ranged from 0.15% to 0.53% by dry weight. The highest value was found in the fulvic acids of wild grass cuttings and the lowest in those of wheat straw, being equivalent to 1/5-1/31 of those found in humic acids. 2. The group of neutral amino acids shared the largest portion followed by acidic and basic amino acids. 3. Arginine was not detected in fulvic acid fractions from well decomposed residues. 4. Aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, were virtually absent in fulvic acid fractions. 5. Glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the 3 major amino acids contained in fulvic acids of well decomposed residues. With glutamic acid and aspartic acid excluded, the decreasing order of concentration of amino acids was roughly in parallel with the increasing order of molecular weight.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2013

This study discusses the feasibility of coffee bean residue as a raw material of medium-density fiberboard (MDF). In this relation, the effect of coffee bean residue known as an absorbent material on the physical and mechanical properties of MDF manufactured at its different addition level. Coffee bean residue which is a by-product of coffee mill and large amount of waste left over after processing for instant coffee was added at the level of 3, 6, and 9% on dry basis and urea formaldehyde resin was used as the adhesive. The MDF made with mixture of wood fiber and coffee bean residue was tested for physical and mechanical properties as well as formaldehyde emission. The bending strength and internal bonding strength of the MDF made with mixture of wood fiber-coffee bean residue were higher than that of the KS standard in randomized mat structure type, but not in layered mat structure type. Also, the physical properties of MDF made with mixture of wood fiber-coffee bean residue showed a considerable improvement in thickness swelling over the commercial MDF. More importantly, the formaldehyde emission rate of MDF made with mixture of wood fiber-coffee bean residue met the KS standard and was close to that of commercial MDF. These results showed the feasibility of coffee bean residue as a raw material for the production of environmentally-friendly MDF. Additional works on adhesive-coffee bean compatibility, improvement of moisture absorption effect and reduction the formaldehyde emission rate by carbonization of coffee bean residue may be required.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.347-378
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• 2020

Based on monthly average groundwater recharge over a nearly 10 year period, results of fully integrated hydrologic modeling of SWAT-MODFLOW, land cover, land use, soil type and hydrologic response unit (HRU) was used to assess the dominant influencing factors of groundwater recharge spatial patterns in Jangseong district. As dominant factors, land cover was FRSE (forest-evergreen) and soil type was Samgag. Landsat-8 OLI imaging spectrometer data were acquired in the period 2003 to 2004 and seasonal bare soil lines (BSL) were estimated through NIR-RED plot. Extent of slope of BSL was from 1.092 to 1.343 and the intercept was from -0.004 to -0.015. To know correlation between spatial groundwater recharge and soil-vegetation indices (PVI, NDVI, NDTI, NDRI), this study employed frequency and regression analysis. On May, RED band increased up 3 to 4 times compared to other seasons and only one turning point appeared as recharge-index with upward parabola bell shape as results of existing research. Considering precipitation, if the various studies for relationship between groundwater recharge and soil-vegetation index just like NDVI are performed, it is possible to estimate groundwater recharge through analyzing remote sensing data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2002.09b
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• pp.5-56
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• 2002

The problems in the current domestic forage production were evaluated, and the prospective improvement was suggested in this paper. Grassland development in forest, production of high quality forages in upland and paddy land, efficient utilization of rice straw, development of new varieties of forages suitable for our environmental conditions and imported forages were described Among them, preferential production and utilization of forages using paddy field after rice harvest . should be enlarged for domestic supply of forages in Korea. Several studies were carried out to select the promising forage crops and barley cultivars for whole crop silage production, to determine productivity, nutritive value and production cost of forages produced in paddy field, and feeding effect of forages with Hanuwoo and milking cow for whole crop silage with forages produced in paddy field, 1999 to 2001, and also discussed restraint factors and activation plans for enlargement of forage production in paddy land. The promising forage crops in paddy field were rye and barley for Middle region, and rye, barley, early maturing Italian ryegrass and wheat for Southern region. The promising barley cultivars for whole crop silage in paddy field were Albori in Suwon, Keunalbori, Milyang 92, Saessalbori, and Naehanssalbori in Iksan, and Keunalbori, Albori, Naehanssalbori, and Saegangbori in Milyang, respectively. Silage production, quality and animal palatability of silage by trench and round bale were also compared. The production yields of whole crop barley silage(WBS) were 17,135kg as a fresh matter, and 6,011kg as a dry matter per ha, and the quality of WBS was 2∼3 grade, while that of rice straw silage was 4 grade as a farm basis. The production cost of WBS per kg was 83won as a fresh matter, and 238won as a dry matter. Feeding of WBS as forages on Hanwoo was very desirable for the improvement of live-weight gain, beef quality and farm income, particularly in growing stage of Hanwoo. Milk production and income were also increased, and feed cost was decreased by feeding of WBS. The daily voluntary intake of WBS in milking cow was 26.3kg as a fresh matter(DM 7.7kg) per head. Milk production when WBS was fed, was very similar to that of imported hay feeding such as Kentucky bluegrass or domestic corn silage. The issues to be solved in near future f3r stable forage production and supply in paddy land are sustainable livestock-forages policy, development & seed production of new varieties of barley, rye, Italian ryegrass and other promising forages, efficient demand & supply system of forages, solidification for mass production and utilization of forages, efficient application management of animal slurry on paddy field considering environmental agriculture/livestock industry, and break k development of bottleneck technique in production field. Domestic production & supply of high cost agricultural machine (round baler, wrapper, handler and so on), plastic wrapping film, and silage additives are also important.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.75-85
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• 1988

The concentration of 50 mM Nacl inhibited the shoot growth of P. nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii in viro culture. The punctured leaves have produced so many individuals on MS basal medium with cytokinin. Especially MS basal medium with BAP 0.8mg/l showed the best shoot performance in which the average number of shoots were 127.6. For selection of NaCl tolerance shoot of poplar, punctured leaves were inoculated on MS basal medium with BAP 0.8mg/l and various concentrations of NaCl(from 10 mM to 100 mM graded by 10 mM). On the medium with over 50mM of NaCl, 13.7 to 15.7 shoots were obtained. Especially on the medium with go mM and 100mM. 10.7 and 8.3 shoots, respectively. The shoots derived from control medium (non-NaCl) were depressed growth, while the selected shoots from MS with NaCl showed good growth performance on MS basal medium with 50 mM of NaCl. From this results, we suggested that the possibility of in vitro selection to tolerance for inorganic salts in forest tree species.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 1985

This research is mainly focused on the distributions of pine mushroom(Tricholomo matsutake S.) in Kyungpook province, south eastern part of Korea. The study contributes to graps the trends of producing place and their distributions. The general trends of pine mushroom producing area are scattered over northern part of the province : such as Ulchin Kun, Youngyang Kun, and Bonghwa Kun. The term 'Kun' is equivalent to a country level district of administration. Less concentrated areas are listed : Munkyong Kun, Sangju Kun, Yecheon Kun, Euiseong Kun, Dalseong Kun, Kyungsan Kun, and Cheongdo Kun, which have shown growing spots in pine forest area Pine mushroom do not grow in south eastern part of province, which are Kumreung Kun, Sangju Kun, Chilgog Kun, Wolsong Kun, Koryong Kun. Producing spots classified by Kun area : 117 spots in Ulchin Kun, 70spots in Yongdeog Kun, 54 spots in Youngyang Kun, 38 spots in Munkyong Kun, 37 spots in Cheongsong Kun, 32 spots in Andong Kun, 32 spots in Sangju Kun, 26 spots in Bonghwa, 17 spots in Youngil Kun 15 spots in Yeongcheon Kun, 15 spots in Euiseong Kun, 10 spots in Gyeongsan Kun, 9 spots in Gunwi Kun, 6 spots in Cheongdo Kun, 5 spots in Yecheon Kun, 4 spots in Seonsan Kun, 2 spots in Chilgog Kun, and one spot in Weolseoog Kun.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.34-40
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• 2017

In recent years, global warming has caused abnormal weather phenomena. Unusually cold climates have occurred all around the world, including cold waves in the Northeastern United States, Beijing, China, Southern India, and Pakistan, as well as floods in Chile, Kazakhstan, and Vietnam. China has been experiencing a nationwide heat wave annually since the year 2013, especially in the southern region. In this study, we used Landsat 8 OLI TIRS sensor images from four periods to analyze the characteristics of abnormal high temperature phenomena in Cixi-si, China. Land cover classification was performed using 10 bands of satellite imagery, and the surface temperature was extracted using the 10th thermal band. The results of the land cover classification of the fourth period show the changes of the time series quantitatively. The results of the surface temperature calculation provided both the average overall temperature and the average temperature of individual items. The temperature was found to be highest for buildings, followed by grassland, forest, agricultural land, water systems, and tidal flats in the same period.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.529-538
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• 2017

This study examines the effects of reading and story sharing through fairy tales on young children's character development in their role play using natural materials. To achieve this, 40 5-year-old children at early childhood educational institutes in Daejeon were tested 16 times for 8 weeks. The results were as follows. First, their role plays using natural objects through reading and talking had a positive effect on their personality cultivation. Second, there was no experimental difference in their prudence and filial piety of basic behavioral items, but their cleanliness and patience were proven effective in the experiment. Third, all their justice, conscience and service indicating their sociality-related friendship, kindness, gentleness and morality were proven effective in the experiment, which their role plays using natural objects through reading and story sharing through fairy tales had an educational effect on improving their sociality and morality through peer interaction. This suggests that their mind to improve social virtues with an exchange of emotions, particularly, treat natural role play in a friendly way, their public promises to cherish life, and their ethical virtues to obey the rules in the process of consideration, appreciation, understanding and help through mutual communication and cooperation in forest experience activities are very effective from an educational perspective.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.182-197
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• 1993

Algal community on the subtidal rocky zone of the South Sea of Korea was divided into two or three sequencing zones. The upper subtidal zone was characterized by the wave exposure-tolerant surf wrack(Pachymeniopsis, Gigartina), which formed dense swirling carpet. Its vertical range was from the surface to $3{\sim}5$ meters in depth, and more deeply extended in turbid waters including Sorido, Yokchido, Pijindo, Manjedo. The mid subtidal zone ranging from 5 to 25 meters in depth was characterized by a large brown algal forest (Ecklenia, Sargassum). But it was generally unrecognizable in that turbid waters, in which the vertical limit of vegetation was at most $10{\sim}15$ meters in depth. The low subtidal zone was characterized by a general lack of algal species and was not easily distinguished from the mid or sometimes from the upper zone. There was a distinct difference in abundance of vegetation between turbid waters and clear waters including Munsom, Kwantaldo, Yosodo, Hongdo, Ch'ujado. In turbid waters the vegetation was much poorer because the tubidity caused from the muddy sediment inhibited an algae to settle down and to grow up. On the basis of the phytogeographical methods using UPGMA, the 10 studied islands were classified into two groups, Munsom and the others. This floristic discontinuity between the two groups might be caused from the difference of water temperature.