• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

Korea is highly dependent on foreign countries for energy while at the same time having a high energy-consumption industrial structure. Therefore, logical improvements in energy use efficiency and nationwide energy saving are becoming more and more important in coping with the worldwidehigh oil prices and environmental issues such as listed in the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Consequently, a study was conducted on the average annual load factor in domestic areas to set a reasonable and reliable technology standard plan for high-efficiency transformers. The average annual load factor in Korea was discovered to be 18.4[%] classified by industry. This factor is expected to be used in arranging a domestic standard for a minimum efficiency system for transformers, and in reviewing and supplementing the standard transformers plan for the High Energy-Efficiency Appliance Certification. The expected effect from the establishment of the technology standards plan for highly efficient transformers is the expansion of the manufacturing and distribution of highly efficient transformers that are suitable for domestic use. These will lead to electricity cost savings for users, strengthening the related industries' market competitive powers and the effective reduction of greenhouse gases on a national level by drastically reducing loss from transformers, which accounts for a large portion of the total electric supply losses.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.159-172
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• 2019

It is known that the number of astronomers of a country registered to the International Astronomical Union (IAU) is correlated with that country's gross domestic product (GDP). However, the robustness of this relationship could be doubted, as the fraction of astronomers joining the IAU differs from country to country. Here we revisit this correlation by using more recent data, updated as of 2017. We find a similar correlation by using the total number of astronomers and astrophysicists with PhD degrees that are working in each country, instead of adopting the number of IAU members. We confirm the existence of the correlation. We also confirm the existence of two subgroups within this correlation. One group consists of advanced European countries having a long history of modern astronomy, while the other group consists of countries having experienced recent rapid economic development. In order to determine the cause for the correlation, we obtained the long-term variations of the number of astronomers, population, and the GDP for a number of countries. We find that the number of astronomers per capita for recently developing countries has increased more rapidly as GDP per capita increased, than that for fully developed countries. We collected demographic data of the Korean astronomical community and find that it has experienced recent rapid growth. From these findings we estimate the proper size of the Korean astronomical community by considering Korea economic power and population. The current number of PhD astronomers working in Korea is approximately 310, but it should be 550 in order for it to be comparable and competitive to the sizes of the Spanish, Canadian, and Japanese astronomical communities. If current trends continue, this number will be reached by 2030. In order to be comparable to the German, French, and Italian communities, there should be 800 PhD astronomers in Korea. We discuss ways to overcome the vulnerability of the Korean astronomical community, based on the statistics of national R&D expenditure structure in comparison with that of other major advanced countries.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.79-111
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• 2011

Digital economy has grown rapidly so that the new business area called 'Internet business' has been dramatically extended as time goes on. However, in the case of Internet business, market shares of individual companies seem to fluctuate very extremely. Thus marketing managers who operate the Internet sites have seriously observed the competition structure of the Internet business market and carefully analyzed the competitors' behavior in order to achieve their own business goals in the market. The newly created Internet business might differ from the offline ones in management styles, because it has totally different business circumstances when compared with the existing offline businesses. Thus, there should be a lot of researches for finding the solutions about what the features of Internet business are and how the management style of those Internet business companies should be changed. Most marketing literatures related to the Internet business have focused on individual business markets. Specifically, many researchers have studied the Internet portal sites and the Internet shopping mall sites, which are the most general forms of Internet business. On the other hand, this study focuses on the entire Internet business industry to understand the competitive circumstance of online market. This approach makes it possible not only to have a broader view to comprehend overall e-business industry, but also to understand the differences in competition structures among Internet business markets. We used time-series data of Internet connection rates by consumers as the basic data to figure out the competition patterns in the Internet business markets. Specifically, the data for this research was obtained from one of Internet ranking sites, 'Fian'. The Internet business ranking data is obtained based on web surfing record of some pre-selected sample group where the possibility of double-count for page-views is controlled by method of same IP check. The ranking site offers several data which are very useful for comparison and analysis of competitive sites. The Fian site divides the Internet business areas into 34 area and offers market shares of big 5 sites which are on high rank in each category daily. We collected the daily market share data about Internet sites on each area from April 22, 2008 to August 5, 2008, where some errors of data was found and 30 business area data were finally used for our research after the data purification. This study performed several empirical analyses in focusing on market shares of each site to understand the competition among sites in Internet business of Korea. We tried to perform more statistically precise analysis for looking into business fields with similar competitive structures by applying the cluster analysis to the data. The research results are as follows. First, the leading sites in each area were classified into three groups based on averages and standard deviations of daily market shares. The first group includes the sites with the lowest market shares, which give more increased convenience to consumers by offering the Internet sites as complimentary services for existing offline services. The second group includes sites with medium level of market shares, where the site users are limited to specific small group. The third group includes sites with the highest market shares, which usually require online registration in advance and have difficulty in switching to another site. Second, we analyzed the second place sites in each business area because it may help us understand the competitive power of the strongest competitor against the leading site. The second place sites in each business area were classified into four groups based on averages and standard deviations of daily market shares. The four groups are the sites showing consistent inferiority compared to the leading sites, the sites with relatively high volatility and medium level of shares, the sites with relatively low volatility and medium level of shares, the sites with relatively low volatility and high level of shares whose gaps are not big compared to the leading sites. Except 'web agency' area, these second place sites show relatively stable shares below 0.1 point of standard deviation. Third, we also classified the types of relative strength between leading sites and the second place sites by applying the cluster analysis to the gap values of market shares between two sites. They were also classified into four groups, the sites with the relatively lowest gaps even though the values of standard deviation are various, the sites with under the average level of gaps, the sites with over the average level of gaps, the sites with the relatively higher gaps and lower volatility. Then we also found that while the areas with relatively bigger gap values usually have smaller standard deviation values, the areas with very small differences between the first and the second sites have a wider range of standard deviation values. The practical and theoretical implications of this study are as follows. First, the result of this study might provide the current market participants with the useful information to understand the competitive circumstance of the market and build the effective new business strategy for the market success. Also it might be useful to help new potential companies find a new business area and set up successful competitive strategies. Second, it might help Internet marketing researchers take a macro view of the overall Internet market so that make possible to begin the new studies on overall Internet market beyond individual Internet market studies.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.22-41
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• 2011

Current socioeconomic condition in South Korea is characterized by growing country with highly unemployment rate. Enhancing service industry, therefore, is one of the important government policy issues. In addition to quantitative growth of service industries, OECD comparisons between countries as shown in the competitiveness of the domestic service industry, followed by a very low-level, enhancing the competitiveness of service industries are also important issues of national policy. In particular, finance, education, insurance industry, such as relatively large enterprises have entered the service industry to remain competitive and comparable, but the case of small service industries, has shown a very low level of competitiveness. Thus, the world's leading technology and IT infrastructure can be applied to small and medium-sized service industry in order to improve productivity, customer satisfaction, and service infrastructure, resulting in improving competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to develop government supporting policy issues by analyzing the current usage of IT, problems and requirement analysis, and critical success factors for applying IT to small and medium-sized service industries. For a survey 2,000 samples are collected from service companies. The results show that IT usage is very important to improve competitiveness in small and medium sized service industry. In addition, customized it solutions are needed to satisfy different characteristics of service industry depends on types of business. Finally, government supporting programs of IT has to be improved. The results would be able to provide directions and guide lines of IT utilization in service industries.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.457-461
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• 2010

After the industrial revolution, quantity production system has made the life of mankind rich and to fulfill the consumer's desire competitive power of the enterprise constantly make has made effort in quality, price and engineering department not remaining simple manufactures. But in such a change production lacked safety. Consequently, the main study studied in return domestic organization which produces a chemistry fiber rope to be used fact vessel or as a athletic equipment safety countermeasure. One of the assesment method on product liability, Checklist is showed that It can be used not as an evaluation but as a development factor of company. Also, checklist that used a study could expect that assist the company of management structure as well as improvement of product safety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1390-1395
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to offer a basic data for the establishment of marketing strategies such as fixing price of a new product and creation of the development direction of the product through estimating consumers value by attributes of the newly developed university made multi cream. The Choice Experiment was used for analysis, and conditional logit model was estimated to derive the marginal willingness to pay(MWTP) of each attributes of the multi cream. Brand, container type, functionality, price were included as the attributes. As a result, MWTP were estimated at 21,754 Won/unit for large company product, 11,033 Won/unit for small company product and 16,178 Won/unit for university product, 7,476 Won/unit for enriched moisturizing, 12,107 Won/unit for enriched improvements in wrinkles. Consumers have a preference for university brand over small company brand, therefore, if university and small company cooperate and proceed a joint-venture, it will strengthen the competitive power in the low price brand market. Also, it is essential to develop products with enriched functionalities such as moisturizing and improvements in wrinkles.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.15
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• pp.165-186
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• 2004

When certificates of qualification relating to computer have shown up like dam water and meeting the age of office automation (OA) utilizing computer throughout the community, and at the point of time when the promotion of efficiency of duty is attempted by utilizing internet, the improvement plans should be groped for to expect to cultivate the national industrial manpower efficiently and by easily approaching the related OA certificates of qualification related to computer so that everyone can acauire the additional points for recognition of credit, entering company and promotion by the dimension of public trust, recognition degree, practial using level in actual affairs, reliability of problems and after manpower management of the certificates of qualification less expensively and saving time. the concrete plans are as follows: First, in the standard of making questions for the examination of 'Computer Utilizing Ability' executed by the chamber of commerce and Industry, there is the independent examination, but by inserting the presentation portion in the higher grade and middle grade, it should be contributed to improve office efficiency both in mane and reality. Second, though the internet retriever's examination is executed by the nongovernment specialized examination, since it is actually widely utilized in the office activities due to universality of using internet, it is now the time to newly establish and accommodate it as the national examination of 'internet Utilizing Ability', not the interest specialized retriever. Third, the applicants, shall take examination for the nongoverment certificate of qualification or enterprise's certificate of qualification at the date and place designated by the applicant, but there are much restrictions for the national certificate of qualification, so the date of examination shall be decided flexibly and efficiently to give chances to students by adjusting to the semesters of the students. Fourth, in this rapidly changing age of the informationalization community, the acquisition of the certificates of qualification through the university and the designated and entrusted educational institutes should be increased the proportion of activation to become officially recognized, and the extent of special treatment for obtainers of the certificate of qualification should be expanded to equip manpower competitive power in the age of informationalization.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.3 s.69
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• pp.89-117
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• 2005

Currently, the tax - exempted vessel fuel is provided for commercial fishing in order to increase the competitive power of fishery production thorough the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. The National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives should predict the exact amount of fuel consumption for fishing every year to request the fuel from the government. Unfortunately, there is no sophisticated model to predict the tax - exempted vessel fuel consumption. In 2003, the consumption of the tax- exempted vessel fuel was only $25.1\%$ of the estimation amount by the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. This causes an inefficiency in the petroleum management. Moreover, we need some data such as the annual average fishing hours, fishing days and fishing behavior to adopt a new policy regarding fishing. Up to now, the data have been obtained by survey with response in the fishery field. In the most case, we have a small number of data because we spend so much time and money consuming for collecting fishing data. As a result, the level of confidence of the data is associated with the sample size and normally low. In order to achieve more accurate data, we need to develope an efficient method for collecting fishing data. In this research, we proposed a new method to predict the tax- exempted vessel fuel consumption more exactly. The prediction results from the proposed method has been compared with the results from the current method. According to the results in this research, the method proposed here produced much better accuracy than the current method. In addition, we also proposed in the paper for collecting fishing data of the annual average fishing hours using the tax - exempted vessel fuel consumption and the gasoline consumption of vessel engine. The fishing data obtained by using the method proposed in this research could be much more efficient and accurate because it doesn't need to estimate from survey sample data.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the state of the energy industry and to determine the efficiency of its functioning on the basis of energy conservation principle and application of innovative technologies aimed at improving the ecological modernisation of agricultural sectors of Kazakhstan. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach of financial and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the investment project, based on calculation of elasticity, total costs and profitability, as well as on comparative, graphical and system analysis. The current stage is characterised by widely spread restructuring processes of electric power industry in many countries through introduction of new technical installations of energy facilities and increased government regulation in order to enhance the competitive advantage of electricity market. Electric power industry features a considerable value of creating areas. For example, by providing scientific and technical progress, it crucially affects not only the development but also the territorial organisation of productive forces, first of all the industry. In modern life, more than 90% of electricity and heat is obtained by Kazakhstan's economy by consuming non-renewable energy resources: different types of coal, oil shale, oil, natural gas and peat. Therefore, it is significant to ensure energy security, as the country faces a rapid fall back to mono-gas structure of fuel and energy balance. However, energy resources in Kazakhstan are spread very unevenly. Its main supplies are concentrated in northern and central parts of the republic, and the majority of consumers of electrical power live in the southern and western areas of the country. However, energy plays an important role in the economy of industrial production and to a large extent determines the level of competitive advantage, which is a promising condition for implementation of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. In these circumstances, issues of modernisation and reforms of this sector in Kazakhstan gain more and more importance, which can be seen in the example of economically sustainable solutions of a large local monopoly company, significant savings in capital investment and efficiency of implementation of an investment project. A major disadvantage of development of electricity distribution companies is the prevalence of very high moral and physical amortisation of equipment, reaching almost 70-80%, which significantly increases the operating costs. For example, while an investment of 12 billion tenge was planned in 2009 in this branch, in 2012 it is planned to invest more than 17 billion. Obviously, despite the absolute increase, the rate of investment is still quite low, as the total demand in this area is at least more than 250 billion tenge. In addition, industrial infrastructure, including the objects of Kazakhstan electric power industry, have a tangible adverse impact on the environment. Thus, since there is a large number of various power projects that are sources of electromagnetic radiation, the environment is deteriorated. Hence, there is a need to optimise the efficiency of the organisation and management of production activities of energy companies, to create and implement new technologies, to ensure safe production and provide solutions to various environmental aspects. These are key strategic factors to ensure success of the modern energy sector of Kazakhstan. The contribution of authors in developing the scope of this subject is explained by the fact that there was not enough research in the energy sector, especially in the view of ecological modernisation. This work differs from similar works in Kazakhstan in the way that the proposed method of investment project calculation takes into account the time factor, which compares the current and future value of profit from the implementation of innovative equipment that helps to bring it to actual practise. The feasibility of writing this article lies in the need of forming a public policy in the industrial sector, including optimising the structure of energy disbursing rate, which complies with the terms of future modernised development of the domestic energy sector.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3740-3746
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• 2010

Jeju soybean industry is not competitive in areas of food-safety, quality, price, and bargaining power. Also, the processing products of soybean are simply-processed product. They are short of diversified product. The size of processing company is very small. The purpose of this study is to review and suggest programs for the construction and management of a network among farmhouseholds, agricultural cooperatives, manufacturing companies, related research institutes, and the local government, which are integrated vertically, horizontally and systematically. Jeju soybean cluster consists of production system, research & development system, industrial-support system, practical technology-support system, and center of operation. This system will help farmers get stable sales market & income. Also, It will help farmers produce the production of environment-friendly agricultural raw products.