• International Journal of Contents
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a method to build an accurate initial trimap for the GrabCut algorithm without the need for human interaction. First, we identify a rough candidate for the label region of a bottle by applying a saliency map to find a salient area from the image. Then, the Hough Transformation method is used to detect the left and right borders of the label region, and the k-means algorithm is used to localize the upper and lower borders of the label of the bottle. These four borders are used to build an initial trimap for the GrabCut method. Finally, GrabCut segments accurate regions for the label. The experimental results for 130 wine bottle images demonstrated that the saliency map extracted a rough label region with an accuracy of 97.69% while also removing the complex background. The Hough transform and projection method accurately drew the outline of the label from the saliency area, and then the outline was used to build an initial trimap for GrabCut. Finally, the GrabCut algorithm successfully segmented the bottle label with an average accuracy of 92.31%. Therefore, we believe that our method is suitable for product label recognition systems that automatically segment product labels. Although our method achieved encouraging results, it has some limitations in that unreliable results are produced under conditions with varying illumination and reflections. Therefore, we are in the process of developing preprocessing algorithms to improve the proposed method to take into account variations in illumination and reflections.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2005

Purpose : To acquire the useful diagnostic information through the analysis of the clinical and radiological characteristics of mandibular unicystic ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods : The researchers compared and analysed the clinical and radiological features of 79 cases of mandibular unicystic ameloblastoma confirmed by histopathlogic examination. Results : The results of our research showed that unicystic ameloblastomas occurred more frequently in males than in females and the incidence is the highest in the 2nd and 3rd decades. These lesions occurred most frequently in angle-ramus area, mandibular molar area, and anterior area in descending order respectively $68.4\%$, $24\%$, and $7.6\%$. These lesions had smooth ($54.4\%$) rather than undulating ($45.6\%$) borders. These lesions showed well- defined borders in $59.5\%$ among all the cases. Root resorption and loss of lamina dura were observed as $55.7\%$ and $58.5\%$ respectively. Displacement of mandibular canal was observed in $55.9\%$ among all the related cases. Internal pattern of lesional radiolucency was observed as even ($49.4\%$) or uneven ($50.6\%$). Conclusion : These results would be helpful in diagnosing of mandibular unicystic ameloblastoma. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2005; 35 : 47-50)

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1985

The study was undertaken to ascertain the speech defect of patients with malocclusion, especially of openbite patients, by means of the spectral analysis method. The experimental group was composed of ten female openbite patients and their mean age was 13.8 yrs. The control group was also composed of ten female girls and their mean age was 13.7 yrs. As for the speech material, eight Korean monophthrongs and two Korean fricatives and two affricatives were used. Speeches were recorded and then analyzed by a Kay 7800 digital sonagraph. Formant frequency level or range was used as a phonemic parameter. The results were as follows: 1. Among Vowels /a:/ : $F_1,\;F_3\;and\;F_1/F_2$ showed abnormality. /o:/ and $/w:/:F_2,\;F_2-F_1\;and\;F_1/F_2$ showed abnormality. 2. Among Consonants /S/ and /h/ : The upper and lower borders of the frequency range showed abnormality. (equation omitted) : The lower border of the frequency range showed abnormality. $/C^{h}/$ : The upper and lower borders of the frequency range and concentration point showed abnormality.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.39-66
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• 2022

Modern Bulgarian nationalists aspired towards incorporating the self-identified Bulgarian lands into the Bulgarian state. The Treaty of San Stefano ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 tantalizingly achieved these so-called national ideals. Great Power diplomacy quickly diminished Bulgaria's borders and international legal status with the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, exacerbating nationalist grievances. Bulgaria would expand vast resources to restore the San Stefano borders until Balkan Communist authoritarian regimes eventually suppressed the Macedonian issue as a foreign policy subject. Sofia's policy towards its neighbor has been overdetermined by the efforts of successive Bulgarian governments to institutionalize post-communist Bulgaria's own national identity. Bulgaria's integration into so-called Euro-Atlantic structures, i.e., NATO and the EU, had been the primary strategic objective of the Bulgarian authorities since the end of the Zhivkov regime. North Atlantic community security policy aims in response to the earliest post-Cold War foreign policy crises in the Western Balkans framed the parameters of Bulgarian diplomacy. The stabilization of FYROM in 2001, followed by Bulgaria's 2007 EU accession, led to Bulgarian nationalist values become more salient in Bulgarian politics and foreign policy. Sofia-Skopje relations are a test case for the effects of Europeanization on interdependent Balkan ethno-sectarian nationalisms and state territorial institutional development.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1969

著者는 白色레그혼의 種卵을 孵化시켜 얻은 鷄胎中 賢과 後賢에 있어서의 alk. p., PAS-陽性物質 및 燐脂質의 消長과 局在位置의 變異를 組織化學的 方法으로 追究하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 分泌尿細管의 器官形成에 앞서 未分化 間葉組織內에 强한 alk. p. 活性이 出現하였으며 同活性은 分泌尿細管의 分化와 함께 消失하였다. 2. 中賢 및 後賢 分泌尿細管의 分化와 함께 alk. p. 및 PAS-陽性物質은 分泌尿細管의 刷子綠에 强陽性反應을 보였다. 3. 中賢 및 後賢 分泌尿細管의 細胞質과 刷子綠은 强한 燐脂質 陽性反應을 띠었다. 4. 造賢組織의 分化中 未分化 間葉組織에 alk. p. 活性이 出現하였다가 組織의 分化와 함께 消失된 事實에서 보아 alk. p. 는 組織分化에 關與하는 것으로 생각된다. 5. 中賢 및 後賢 分泌尿細管의 刷子　 에 있어서 alk. p. 와 PAS-陽性物質 및 燐脂質의 變異와 分布狀態가 一致한 것으로 보아 alk. p. 는 炭水化物의 再吸收 및 燐脂質代謝에 關與하는 것으로 思料된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.159-160
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• 1979

Pityriasis rosea in a 2-month old pig is described. Lesions were confined to the abdomen and groin. They consisted of raised, erythematous papules with distinct borders. Microscopic examination of the lesions revealed a nonspecific dermatitis with acanthosis, moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells and eosinophils in the upper dermis. The known occurrence of the disease will help differentiate the condition from other dermatoses.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2019

최근 미국은 미국의 사이버사령부를 사이버 작전에 주력하는 통합전투사령부로 지위를 격상하고, 사이버공간에서의 작전을 강화하고 통합 관리함으로써 사이버 위협에 적극적으로 대응하겠다고 밝히는 등 사이버안보 강화를 위해 노력하고 있다. 또한 다른 강대국들도 사이버역량 강화를 위해 노력하고 있으며, 그들은 조직과 전력강화를 위해 힘쓰고 있다. 세계는 자국의 국경보다 자국의 이익을 위한 경제적 힘을 요구한다. 하지만 Cyber World에서는 국경이 없고 국방도 보이지 않는 세계이다. 따라서 국가사이버안보를 위한 사이버공간에서의 우세(방어, 공격)를 위해서는 사이버 무기체계가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 사이버무기 운영을 위한 작전절차를 분석한다. 그리고 사이버전쟁에서 승리를 이끌기 위한 최고의 사이버무기를 분석하고 개발하기 위한 사이버무기를 설계한다. 또한 남북과 동서양 대립을 해결하기 위한 사이버무기에 대한 모델을 연구한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dimensional changes of relined dentures with a light-curing resin, a heat-curing resin, and a direct, hard reline resin. And also to measure the transverse strength, impact strength, surface hardness of the three resins used in relining. The surface textures of three resins also of evaluated by using scanning electron microscope. Through analyses on the data from this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Impact strength of heat-curing resin was highest, and direct, hard reline resin higher, light-curing resin lowest. 2. Transverse strength of heat-curing resin was highest, and direct, hard reline resin and light-curing resin was lower and not signiicantly different. 3. Surface hardness of light-curing resin was lighest, heat-curing resin higher, and direct, hard reline resin was lowest. 4. After storage of the relined dentures for 1 day and 1 week in water at room temperature, linear shrinkage of distance between the reference points in the maxillary base relined with direct, hard reline resin was lowest, and those relined with light-curing resin and heat-curing resin were lower and were not significantly different. 5. After storage for 4 weeks in orator at room tempeature, linear shrinkage of distance between ridge crests of dentures relined with heat-curing resin was highest and that of distance between denture borders was not significantly different. 6. The dimensional changes of relined dentures during storage in water was not significant except those of distance between denture borders relined with light-curing resin at 1 day and 1 week storage in water. 7. At low magnification (x40) of SEM examination, the surface textures of three resins were similar except light-curing resin which had some defects. At high magnification (x200), the surface textures of hard, direct reline resin were smooth with little defects, but those of heat-curing resin and light-curing resin w ere irregular.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.99-101
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• 2018

A 5-year-old intact female Persian cat was referred with anorexia and vomiting. Physical examination revealed icterus in the pinna, oral mucosa, and sclera. Ultrasonography revealed several findings including uniformly hyperechoic hepatic parenchyma compared to adjacent falciform fat, increased attenuation of the ultrasound beam, and poor visualization of intrahepatic vessel borders. Computed tomography revealed hypoattenuation of the hepatic parenchyma with a radiodensity value of -60 Hounsfield units. The adjacent intrahepatic vessels appeared hyperattenuated relative to the hepatic parenchyma as if the vessels were contrast-enhanced. Based on ultrasonography and computed tomography results, the cat was tentatively diagnosed as feline hepatic lipidosis.

• 치과방사선
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 1974

The authors have observed a rare case of neurofibroma in 13 years old male who came to the Infirmary of Dental College of Seoul National University because of painless severe swelling of approximately 11 years' duration in the left maxillofacial region and blindness of the left eye about 3 years' duration. As a result of interpretating the serial roentgenograms including tomograms and microscopic findings, we have obtained the following conclusions; 1. Neurofibroma of the patient occurred in about 2 years of age. 2. The familial tendency of the disease has been noted. 3. The growth pattern of the disease was slow, and roentgenographic images revealed severe destruction of bone with irregular borders. 4. The neurofibroma was encapsulated but Verocay body and palisading effect of cells were not seen in the microscopic picture.