• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권10호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2013

Purpose: Previous studies suggest that the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in cord blood may show an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (RTI) during childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood on infant RTI in a Korean birth cohort. Methods: The levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood obtained from 525 Korean newborns in the prospective COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases were examined. The primary outcome variable of interest was the prevalence of RTI at 6-month follow-up, as diagnosed by pediatricians and pediatric allergy and pulmonology specialists. RTI included acute nasopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, croup, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Results: The median concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood was 32.0 nmol/L (interquartile range, 21.4 to 53.2). One hundred and eighty neonates (34.3%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations less than 25.0 nmol/L, 292 (55.6%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations of 25.0-74.9 nmol/L, and 53 (10.1%) showed concentrations of ${\geq}75.0$ nmol/L. Adjusting for the season of birth, multivitamin intake during pregnancy, and exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations showed an inverse association with the risk of acquiring acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age (P for trend=0.0004). Conclusion: The results show that 89.9% of healthy newborns in Korea are born with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (55.6% and 34.3%, respectively). Cord blood vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in healthy neonates is associated with an increased risk of acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age. More time spent outdoors and more intensified vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women may be needed to prevent the onset of acute nasopharyngitis in infants.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.961-977
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was designed to analyze the treatment effects of Eunhwayeongyo-tang through retrospective chart reviews. We also checked the correlation between each pair of variables of the symptoms and curative rates of patients with cough. Methods: Thirty-three patients with cough who had satisfied the selection criteria were retrospectively reviewed through their basic medical records, nasal endoscopy, and questionnaires about cough on their first and second visits. The questionnaires used were "The questionnaire on clinical symptoms of cough & sputum", Leicester Cough Questionnaire Korean Version (LCQ-K), Total Nasal Symptom Scores (TNSS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and "Cold-heat patterns". The improvement rate, calculated by "The questionnaire on clinical symptoms of cough & sputum" was considered to be clinically effective if reduction of symptoms scored more than 30%. The state of nasopharyngeal mucosa was assessed to categorize the cold-heat patterns of the upper respiratory tract and for diagnosis. Results: According to this study, cough and sputum improved by $57.22{\pm}37.76%$. Most patients (76%) improved significantly after $12.18{\pm}6.59days$ of taking Eunhwayeongyo-tang. The cure rates of 26 patients among the 33 patients were judged as effective. All the mean scores of the questionnaires and the anterior nasal cavity states were significantly improved on the patients' second visits. After $18.39{\pm}15.68days$, 30 patients were completely cured and ended treatment. The nasopharyngeal mucosa states of all patients were categorized as heat patterns. Conclusions: The conditions of the patients with nasopharyngitis significantly improved after taking Eunhwayeongyo-tang. All of the patients had pharyngitis or rhinitis. The cold-heat pattern of nasopharyngeal mucosa was a significant indicator of upper respiratory inflammation diagnosis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.345-357
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• 1990

Accumulated data on medical care utilization among the insured in Korea Medical Insurance Corporation can explain the health status of the population. The purpose of this study was to analyze a change of the disease-mix and utilization pattern by controlling the size of the population enrollment. Major findings of the study are as follows : 1. The changes of inpatient disease-mix a. Utilization rate was 139.2% in 1988 against 1980. b. Disease groups higher than the average utilization rate included neoplasms, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders, mental disorders etc. Meanwhile, disease groups seen less often were infections and parasistic diseases, diseases of blood and bloodforming, diseases of the digestive system etc. c. Utilization rate was up 106.3% in 1988 compared to 1985, and diseases above that average level were ill-defined intestinal infections, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, etc. d. The disease-mix by institution in 1988 compared to 1985 shows that chronic disorders rank high in general hospitals whereas opthalmologic, obstetric, and orthopedic diseases rank high in private clinics. 2. The changes of outpatient disease-mix a. Utilization rate was up 175.2% in 1988 compared to 1980. b. Disease groups higher than the average utilization rate included neoplasms, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders, mental disorders etc. And disease groups seen less often were infections and parasistic diseases, diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of the genitourinary system. etc. c. Utilization rate was up 104.0% in 1988 compared to 1985, and diseases above that average level were gastric ulcer, diseases of hard tissues of teeth, etc. And diseases seen below that average level were acute nasopharyngitis(common cold). acute upper respiratory infections of multiple or unspecified sites, etc. It was concluded that medical care utilization level was increased, and that, from 1980 to 1988, disease-mix shifted to the chronic disorders. Chronic disorders accounted for more medical care utilization in general hospitals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2341-2345
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prognosis and protein and mRNA expression of an apoptotic inhibitor gene, survivin, in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Furthermore, functions of the survivin gene in the CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line were assessed. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used in detecting the survivin protein and mRNA in 44 nasopharyngeal carcinoma specimens, and 30 chronic nasopharyngitis samples as controls. Survivin gene expression in CNE2 cell line was suppressed with an shRNA (short hairpin RNA). The positive ratios of expression for survivin protein and mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma were 79.5% and 75.0% respectively, obviously higher than in the control group (p<0.01), and there is very good consistency between the two methods. The mean survival time of patients with higher survivin protein or mRNA expression was shorter than in patients with lower levelsv(p<0.01). Proliferation of the CNE2 cell line was distinctly inhibited by the shRNA. The results indicate that overexpression of the survivin gene plays an important role in onset and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and it may be helpful for prognostic appraisal.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to provide efficacy and safety information on the use of erenumab for prevention of episodic and chronic migraines. Methods: The keywords "Erenumab and migraine" were used to search the PubMed database to then compile efficacy and safety data for erenumab. Data from relevant Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials were analyzed, using RevMan for statistical analysis. Results: Three clinical trials (one Phase 2 and two Phase 3 studies) were retrieved. All three trials used the same primary endpoint (change from baseline in monthly migraine days (CBMD)) to evaluate efficacy and safety of erenumab use for prevention of episodic and chronic migraines. Subcutaneous doses of erenumab (70 or 140 mg) were administered monthly in each trial, for 3 months (Studies 2, and 3) or 6 months (Study 1). The mean differences in CBMD in the 70 mg and 140 mg erenumab arms were -1.36 and -1.98, respectively, compared to that in the placebo arm. Some adverse events, such as nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection, were reported, but no differences in safety between erenumab and placebo were found to be significant. Conclusions: Erenumab showed superior efficacy in prevention of migraines compared to placebo. However, additional information regarding the long-term safety of erenumab should be collected. Therefore, post-marketing surveillance for adverse events is needed.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Objectives We analyzed visiting patterns to medical institutions and cost per visit according to the common cold patients aged 0-19 years. We analyzed Korean medical treatment for common cold. Methods Using the Pediatric Patient Sample data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA-PPS), we analyzed the data on health insurance claims of approximately 1 million people from 2017 to 2019. The data included the number of patients who visited the hospital due to common cold for the first and second time, the ratio of second visits by type of medical institution, and the status of prescriptions in Korean medical institutions. Results The number of patients visiting healthcare providers for common cold was higher in Western medical institutions than in Korean medical institutions. However, the number of second visits was higher in Korean medical institutions. Acupuncture is the most commonly used medical treatment in Korean medical institutions for common cold. Herbal medicine for common cold was usually prescribed for 2-3 days for children and adolescents. Conclusions Although the average medical cost of Korean medical institutions was higher than that of Western medical institutions, the rate of second visits to Korean medical institutions was higher because of the demand for Korean medical treatment

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.839-844
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• 2006

목 적 : 발열을 주소로 소아응급실에 내원한 소아의 임상적 특성에 대하여 조사를 하고자 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 9월부터 2005년 8월까지 일산백병원 소아응급실에 내원한 8,881명의 환아와 이 중 $38.3^{\circ}C$이상의 발열을 주소로 내원한 1,764명의 환아를 대상으로 발열 환아의 발생 빈도, 월별 분포, 연령별 분포, 진단명을 조사 분석하였다. 결 과 : 조사 기간동안 소아응급실에 내원한 8,881명 중 1,764명이 발열로 내원하여 발열환자의 빈도는 19.9%이었고, 1,764명 중 26.4%가 입원하였다. 내원 발열 환아가 가장 많았던 연령군은 12-23개월 군이었고, 4-11개월 군과 2세 군이 뒤를 이었다. 가장 많은 진단명은 급성 인두염이었고, 급성 장염, 폐렴도 흔한 진단이었다. 연중 발열 환자가 가장 많았던 시기는 4-7월이었고, 이 중 5월에 발열 환자가 가장 많았다. 발열환자의 빈도는 8월이 가장 높았으나 통계적 의미는 없었으며, '봄 여름군', '가을 겨울군'으로 나눠서 비교한 발열환자의 빈도는 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이가 있었다. 결 론 : 소아 응급실에서 발열 환아의 연중 발생빈도는 19.9%이었고, 12-23개월의 환아가 빈도가 높았으며, 5월에 발열 환아가 가장 많았다. 본 연구에서도 급성 인두염, 급성 장염, 급성 비인두염, 급성 기관지염과 같은 비응급 질환의 비율이 높았다. 응급실에 내원하는 비응급 질환을 줄이기 위해 의료체계 개선과 보호자 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.624-630
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• 2016

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who attended a Korean medicine hospital and treatment effects through retrospective chart reviews.Methods: The medical records of 192 outpatients who had been diagnosed with COPD and visited the Allergy, Immune, and Respiratory System Department of Kyung Hee Korean Medicine Hospital from 1 February 2006 to 1 February, 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: The study group consisted of 112 and 80 females. The median age of the patients was 59.80±15.46 y. Fifty of the patients had been diagnosed with chronic upper respiratory diseases, such as chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, or sinusitis. The chief complaints were cough (n=136), sputum (n=124), and dyspnea (n=82). Other frequent symptoms were fatigue (n=11), hyperhidrosis (n=8), and a bad taste in the mouth (n=7). All the patients were prescribed Korean herbal medicine. In the study, 61 (31.77%) patients were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, or herbal steam therapy. Symptoms improved in 126 (65.63%) patients 141±272.82 d after the first treatment.Conclusions: Some of the COPD patients had chronic upper respiratory disease. The chief complains were cough, sputum, and dyspnea. Oher frequent symptoms related to body malfunction and pain. The symptoms improved in 126 (65.63%) patients 141.00±272.82 d post-treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1061-1067
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• 2005

목 적 : 1990년대 중반 이후 의료계 내부적 혹은 외부적 변화와 함께 신생아 출산율이 급감한 2000년대 이후의 소아 응급 환자들의 경향의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월 1일부터 2002년 12월 31일까지 영남대학교 의료원 응급의료센터를 방문한 15세 미만의 소아 7,034명을 대상으로 응급의무기록지와 입원병록지를 근거로 성별, 연령별, 월별, 계절별, 요일별, 방문 시간대별, 질병 종류별 및 최종 진료 형태별로 분류하여 보았다. 결 과 : 전체 응급실 방문 환자 45,190명 중 소아 환자는 7,034명으로 전체의 약 15.6%를 차지하였으며, 남녀 비는 1.6 : 1였다. 연령대별로는 1세 이상부터 3세 미만이 1,893명(26.9%)으로 가장 많았으며, 3세 이상부터 6세 미만 1,587명(22.6%), 1개월 이상부터 1세 미만 1,196명(17.0%) 순이었다. 계절별로는 봄철과 여름철이 많았는데, 월별로 6월 790명(19.7%), 5월 745명(18.7%), 7월 712명(18.5%) 순이었다. 요일별로는 일요일이 1,747명(25.5%)으로 가장 많았으며, 시간대별로는 20시부터 24시 사이가 2,029명(23.8%)으로 가장 많았다. 질병별 분포는 사고 및 중독이 2.141명(30.4%), 호흡기계 질환 1,607명(22.8%), 소화기계 질환 1,026명(14.6%), 증상, 징후 및 불확실한 병태 863명(12.3%), 신경계 질환 399명(5.7%) 등의 순이었다. 입원치료는 2,109명으로 전체 응급실 방문 소아의 30.0%를 차지하였다. 결 론 : 2000년대 이후 종합병원 응급실 방문 환자들의 분포는 이전의 보고들에 비하여 소아 환자의 비율이 현저하게 줄어 들었는데, 이것은 의료전달체계의 변화, 출산율의 감소 및 소아과 전문 병원의 증설 등의 영향에 기인할 것으로 추정된다. 소아 환자의 질병별 분포에서는 다른 보고들과 유사하게 사고 및 중독의 비율이 가장 높았으나, 급성비인두염이나 급성장염과 같은 1차 진료기관에서도 얼마든지 처치가 가능한 비응급 질환의 비율이 여전히 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이는 소아 환자들에 있어서 3차 진료기관 응급실은 여전히 일차 진료기관으로서의 불필요한 역할을 담당하고 있어, 국민들의 의식 계몽과 함께 의료 체계의 개선 등이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.