• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2010

As a designer, Rei Kawakubo had become one of the most influential woman of the 20th century. Comme des Garçons, which means "like boys"-what women in the early 1980s were least supposed to be-expressed criticism of the prevailing social construct of women and, importantly, of the very concept of fashion. The press had a field day with the so-called post Hiroshima look, with its aesthetic of destruction, poverty, and hunger and with its depressing mood engendered by the use of the color black. This research divided the change of design transition on Kawakubo's fashion by the three categories. The first category was experimental pattern, the second category was esthetics of omission and the third category was innovation of body consciousness. The costume messages through these design works of Kawakubo could summarize 5 items, punk sprit, beyond sex, reality, proposal of new body consciousness and representation of black.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.196-199
• /
• 2007

The spermatozoa of Leiocassis nitidus are relatively simple cells composed of a spherical head, a short midpiece, and a tail, as in most Siluriformes. The ultrastructure is characterized by the following features: Acrosome absent, as in most teleosts; around nucleus about $1.8\;{\mu}m$ long, with a deep nuclear fossa containing the proximal and distal centrioles and mitochondria. Two centrioles approximately $180^{\circ}$ from each other; 10 or more mitochondria surrounding the axoneme (with a 9+2 microtubular pattern), arranged in two layers in the postnuclear cytoplasm and separated from the axoneme by the cytoplasmic canal. Two lateral fins on the same plane as the two central microtubules; doublets 3 and 8, which are ultrastructural characteristics of the sperma tail unlike other siluroids laking the lateral fins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.17-19
• /
• 2011

The bubble oscillations play an important role in ultrasonic cleaning processes. In the ultrasonic cleaning of semiconductor wafers, the cleaning process often damages micro/nano scale patterns while removing contaminant particles. However, the understanding of how patterns in semiconductor wafers are damaged during ultrasonic cleaning is far from complete yet. Here, we report the observations of the motion of bubbles that induce solid wall damage under 26 kHz continuous ultrasonic waves. We classified the motions into the four types, i.e. volume motion, shape motion, splitting or jetting motion and chaotic motion. Our experimental results show that bubble oscillations get unstable and nonlinear as the ultrasonic amplitude increases, which may exert a large stress on a solid surface raising the possibility of damaging microstructures.

• 한국금형공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.209-213
• /
• 2008

In this work, we have proposed a method for calculating the residual stress developed during the PCB thermo-compression bonding precess. Residual stress is the most important factor that causes PCB warpage in accordance with the pattern design. In this work, a single-layed double-sided PCB, which is comprised of the dielectric (FR-4) substrate in the middle and copper cladding on the both top and bottom sides, is considered. A reference temperature, where all stress is free, is calculated by comparing the calculated and measured warapge of a PCB of which copper cladding of the top side is removed. Then, the reesidual stress values is calculated for the double-sided PCB.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2020

In this research, buckling and free vibration of rectangular polymeric laminate reinforced by graphene sheets are investigated. Various patterns are considered for augmentation of each laminate. Critical buckling load is evaluated for different parameters, including boundary conditions, reinforcement pattern, loading regime, and laminate geometric states. Furthermore, vibration analysis is investigated for square laminate. Elastic properties of the composite are calculated using a combination of both molecular dynamics (MD) and the rule of mixture (MR). Kinematics of the plate is approximated based on the first shear deformation theory (FSDT). The current analysis is performed based on the energy method. For the numerical investigation, Ritz method is applied, and for shape functions, Chebyshev polynomials are utilized. It is found that the number of layers is effective on the buckling load and natural frequency of laminates which made from non-uniform layers.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.15.1-15.1
• /
• 2009

Nano transfer printing and micro contact printing is well known printing method based on soft lithography which uses conformal soft elastomer with designed surface relief structures. Here I introduce another class of novel 3D nanofabrication technique by using the same elastomer but in a different manner. The approach, which we refer to as proximity field nanopatterning, uses the surface-reliefed elastomers as phase masks to pattern thick layers of transparent, photosensitive materials. Aspects of the optics, the materials, and the physical chemistry associated with this method are outlined. A range of 3D structures illustrate its capabilities, and several application examples demonstrate possible areas of use in technologies ranging from microfluidics to photonic materials to density gradient structures for chemical release and high-energy density science.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.55.1-55.1
• /
• 2009

나노 임프린트 리소그래피 기술은 고집적된 나노 구조물을 경제적으로 형성시킬 수 있는 유망한 차세대 리소그래피 기술 중 하나로써 광학 소자 뿐만 아니라 반도체, 디스플레이, 바이오 소자 등 다양한 분야에 적용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 태양전지 보호층으로 사용되는 유리 기판의 투과도 향상을 위해 나노 크기의 패턴을 형성하여 표면 반사를 최소화 하였으며, 보호층의 유지보수 부담을 줄이기 위해 패턴 표면에 방오 기능을 갖는 hydrophobic SAM(Self Assembled Mono-layer)을 형성하였다. 또한, SAM coated nano-sized pattern 형성을 위해 사용 된 $SiO_2$ 증착층과 SAM이 투과도에 끼치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 bare glass, $SiO_2$ deposited glass, SAM coated glass 그리고 SAM/$SiO_2$ coated glass를 제작하였으며, 각각의 투과도를 측정하여 비교 분석 하였다. 투과도를 측정하기 위해 UV-Vis spectrophotometer를 사용하였으며, 방오 기능을 측정하기 위해 접촉각 측정장치를 사용하였다. 접촉각의 측정을 통해 이형처리(SAM coating)를 한 기판 표면이 소수성으로 바뀌어 물이나 먼지가 잘 묻지 않게 되는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.83-86
• /
• 2002

Nanoscopic emission from periodic nano-hole arrays in thick metal films is studied experimentally. The experiments give direct evidence for SP excitations in such structures. We show that the symmetry of the emission is governed by polarization and its shape is defined the interference of SP waves of different diffraction orders. Near-Held pattern analysis combined with the far-Held reflection and transmission measurements suggests that the SP eigenmodes of these arrays may be understood as those of ionic plasmon molecules.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.07c
• /
• pp.1920-1922
• /
• 2003

We have fabricated the pyrex glass microlens using thermal reflow process. Fabricated microlens is the plano convex refractive type and was fabricated with pyrex glass-Si anodic bonding wafer. The etched circle or cylindrical pyrex glass pattern was melted in a furnace $800^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$ for about 15min. The surface roughness of the microlenses was measured by the AFM and average surface roughness of the microlenses was below 15min. The radius of curvature of the microlens was measured with phase shift interferometer.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2005

In this paper, micro structuring technique using localized electrochemical deposition (LECD) with ultra short pulses was investigated. Electric field in electrochemical cell was localized near the tool tip end region by applying pulses of a few hundreds of nano second duration, Pt-Ir tip was used as a counter electrode and copper was deposited on the copper substrate in mixed electrolyte of 0.5 M $CuSO_4$ and 0.5 M $H_2SO_4$, The effectiveness of this technique was verified by comparison with ECD using DC voltage. The deposition characteristics such as size, shape, surface, and structural density according to applied voltage and pulse duration were investigated. The proper condition was selected based on the results of the various experiments. Micro columns less than $10{\mu}m$ in diameter were fabricated using this technique. The real 3D micro structures such as micro spring and micro pattern were made by the presented method.