• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.67-69
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• 2002

주얼리 제품에서 마스터패턴 제작비는 최종제품의 20% 정도로 전체 주얼리제품 시장에서 매우 큰 비중을 차지한다. 기존 주얼리 제품을 제작하는 일반 공정인 ‘디자인 시안→상세도면 제작→1왁스형 제작→석고 플라스크 제작→은 마스터패턴의 제작→왁스패턴의 대량생산→정밀주조→최종제품’의 복잡한 단계를 ‘CAD 디자인 시안→쾌속조형기 듀라폼 음각몰드 제작→저융점 합금으로 마스터패턴 제작→정밀주조→최종제품’의 공정으로 단순화하면서도 대폭시간을 단축할 수 있는 신공정을 제안하였다. 주요공정인 selective laster sintering (SLS)형 쾌속조형기(rapid prototype: RP)를 이용해서 분해온도가 190℃인 듀라폼 분말로 미리 3D CAD로 설계한 직경 20mm의 구, 링 요소를 각각 상하형의 합체형 몰드와 일체형 몰드로 제작하였다. 제작된 몰드에 융점이 70℃인 Pb-Sn-Bi-Cd 저융점 합금을 주입하여 마스터패턴을 제조하였다. 완성된 마스터패턴은 목표형상에 비해 치수 변형율이 2% 이내로 우수하고 주입공정 및 후가공공정이 용이하여 주얼리용 마스터패턴으로 응용이 가능하였다.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 - 한국공작기계학회
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• pp.544-548
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• 1999

This study is about development of Feature-based Solid Modeling system in integrated CAD/CAM environment. Parasolid modeling kernel and HOOPS/3D graphics library was used to develop this system in PC level. System feature library was defined using both procedural and declarative approach method. The raw stock is created by boolean operator using design primitives, and a part is designed that pre-defined feature is removed from the raw stock. This method is called "DSG(Destructive Solid Geometry)" and basic constructive operator of this system. This is not complete system and only the first step to develop Feature-based Solid Modeling System using Parasolid. We will add more powerful functionality and flexible GUI in Windows.n Windows.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1399-1406
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• 2011

수처리 공정에는 반드시 교반기 전용 감속기가 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 사용 중의 누유를 방지하고 토크효율 향상을 위한 전용 누유방지형 감속기를 개발하였다. 설계 개선된 감속기 시제품을 개발하는데 있어서, CAD 및 CNC 고속가공기를 사용하여 실물모형(Mock up), 금형 등을 제작하였다. 특히 누유방지 구조인 감속기 시제품의 하부 하우징에 대한 구조적 안전성을 평가하고자 상용 유한요소 해석코드인 ALGOR 을 이용하였다. 해석 결과, 최대 von Mises 응력이 항복응력보다 낮은 123 N/$mm^2$ 으로 안전하였으며, 고유진동수는 650~700 Hz 이었다. 그리고 토크효율은 95.87%로서 이전 연구결과 (88.45%)에 비하여 약 8% 향상되었다. 소음 수준은 75 dB, 사용 중 누유 및 이상 소음은 발생하지 않았다. 따라서 항상된 감속기 시제품을 최적 설계하여 성공적으로 개발하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to three-dimensionally (3D)-printed materials after various surface treatments and artificial aging compared with that bonded to computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-milled materials. Methods: Eighty cylindrical specimens were 3D printed and divided into the following four subgroups (n = 20 each) according to the surface treatment and artificial aging procedure. Group A, sandblasted with 50 ㎛ aluminum oxide particles (SA) and aging; group B, sandblasted with 30 ㎛ silica-coated alumina particles (CO) and aging; group C, SA without aging; and group D, CO without aging. For the control group, 20 CAD-CAM PMMA-milled cylindrical specimens were sandblasted with SA and aged. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine (0.25 mm/min), examined at ×2.5 magnification for failure mode classification, and statistically analyzed (p = 0.05). Results: The retention obtained with the 3D-printed materials (groups A-D) was higher than that obtained with the PMMA-milled materials (control group). However, no significant difference was found between the study and control groups, except for group C (SA without aging), which showed significantly higher retention than the control group (PMMA-SA and thermocycling) (p = 0.037). Study groups A-D predominantly exhibited a cohesive specimen mode, indicating specimen fracture. Conclusions: Orthodontic brackets bonded to 3D-printed materials exhibit acceptable bonding strengths. However, 3D-printed materials are prone to cohesive failure, which may result in crown fractures.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this report was to evaluate the effect of the fabrication method and material type on the fracture strength of provisional crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A master model with one crown (maxillary left second premolar) was manufactured from Cr-Co alloy. The master model was scanned, and the data set was transferred to a CAD/CAM unit (Yenamak D50, Yenadent Ltd, Istanbul, Turkey) for the Cercon Base group. For the other groups, temporary crowns were produced by direct fabrication methods (Imident, Temdent, Structur Premium, Takilon, Systemp c&b II, and Acrytemp). The specimens were subjected to water storage at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, and then they were thermocycled (TC, $5000{\times}$, $5-55^{\circ}C$) (n=10). The maximum force at fracture (Fmax) was measured in a universal test machine at 1 mm/min. Data was analyzed by non-parametric statistics (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Fmax values varied between 711.09-1392.1 N. In the PMMA groups, Takilon showed the lowest values (711.09 N), and Cercon Base showed the highest values (959.59 N). In the composite groups, Structur Premium showed the highest values (1392.1 N), and Acrytemp showed the lowest values (910.05 N). The composite groups showed significantly higher values than the PMMA groups (P=.01). CONCLUSION. Composite-based materials showed significantly higher fracture strengths than PMMA-based materials. The CADCAM technique offers more advantages than the direct technique.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2021

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the wear resistance and surface roughness of three interim resin materials, which were subjected to chewing simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three interim resin materials were evaluated: (1) three-dimensional (3D) printed (digital light processing type), (2) computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milled, and (3) conventional polymethyl methacrylate interim resin materials. A total of 48 substrate specimens were prepared. The specimens were divided into two subgroups and subjected to 30,000 or 60,000 cycles of chewing simulation (n = 8). The wear volume loss and surface roughness of the materials were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS. The mean ± standard deviation values of wear volume loss (in mm³) against the metal abrader after 60,000 cycles were 0.10 ± 0.01 for the 3D printed resin, 0.21 ± 0.02 for the milled resin, and 0.44 ± 0.01 for the conventional resin. Statistically significant differences among volume losses were found in the order of 3D printed, milled, and conventional interim materials (P<.001). After 60,000 cycles of simulated chewing, the mean surface roughness (Ra; ㎛) values for 3D printed, milled, and conventional materials were 0.59 ± 0.06, 1.27 ± 0.49, and 1.64 ± 0.44, respectively. A significant difference was found in the Ra value between 3D printed and conventional materials (P=.01). CONCLUSION. The interim restorative materials for additive and subtractive manufacturing digital technologies exhibited less wear volume loss than the conventional interim resin. The 3D printed interim restorative material showed a smoother surface than the conventional interim material after simulated chewing.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2012

RP system which is widely used to reduce the time of product development is to resolve the problem of cutting work. It is a method using laminated thin films to produce many forms. The RP equipment used for this experiment is FDM system. This can produce 3D model with using 3D CAD designed file within a relatively short time. Not only this, this system also through 3D file preparation, 3D product manufacture, removal support these 3 step operating process can easily produce goods, but product can be different from original design. This research has been conducted to minimize this error. To apply to the circular product made a circular specimen and measured several times with 3D scanner and find out average 99.622% of accuracy. This result is applied to RP system, and with this changed design produced a specimen, and found out the accuracy is increased to 99.958%. If this is applied to circular products, we can produce more precise products with less process.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.49-51
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• 2002

산업 현장에서 많이 사용되는 정밀주조법은 왁스형 제작 공정이 수작업으로 이루어지기 때문에 시간과 비용이 많이 소요된다. 이를 쾌속조형기를 이용하여 신속하고 정밀하게 왁스형을 제작하는 공정을 개발하였다. 먼저 3D CAD 데이터를 SLS형 쾌속조형기에서 캐스트폼 분말을 사용하여 캐스트폼형을 만든다. 오븐에서 왁스를 용융시키고 여기에 캐스트폼형을 넣어서 왁스가 캐스트폼형의 공극에 함침되도록 한다. 천천히 냉각시킨 후 꺼내면 왁스형이 완성되며 이를 일반적인 정밀주조공점을 거치면 최종 금속 주물이 완성된다. 이 신공정을 이용함으로서 제작시간과 비용이 크게 단축되었으며 제품의 정밀도가 향상되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2007

Increased oxidative stress contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis. We measured serum antioxidant mineral concentrations, capacities of serum antioxidant enzymes and fasting lipid profile in 97 male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 21 male controls. Nutrient intake was assessed by the semi-quantitative food frequency method. CAD patients were divided into single-vessel disease (SVD, n=66) and multi-vessel disease (MVD, n = 31) groups on the coronary angiography. The ratio of serum LDL- to HDL-cholesterol elevated with an increasing number of diseased vessels compared to the control (control < SVD < MVD, p < 0.05). Patients with SVD and MVD had higher levels of serum lipoprotein (a) than the control (p < 0.05). The mean intake of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol was higher in MVD patients and the intakes of vitamins C and E were lower in MVD and SVD patients than in the control (p < 0.05). Serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels were higher in MVD and SVD patients than in the control (Cu: control $75.8{\pm}5.07$, SVD $99.2{\pm}2.90$, MVD $100.1{\pm}2.32{\mu}g/dL$, p<0.01; Zn: $76.8{\pm}5.36$, $119.0{\pm}5.95$, $129.1{\pm}2.70{\mu}g/dL$, p < 0.01). And the ratio of Zn to Cu was higher in SVD and MVD patients than in the control (control $0.78{\pm}0.06$, SVD $0.88{\pm}0.05$, MVD $0.99{\pm}0.04$, P < 0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was lower in MVD than in SVD and the control (control $35.13{\pm}1.34$, SVD $35.30{\pm}1.01$, MVD $31.00{\pm}1.04 U/mg$ protein, p < 0.05). The ratio of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to GSH-Px was higher in MVD than in control and SVD (p < 0.05). In groups with CAD, serum Cu and Zn concentrations and their ratio were changed compared to the control. GSH-Px activity was decreased and the ratio of SOD to GSH-Px was increased in the patients with MVD. The balances between the activities of SOD and GSH-Px should also be considered a risk factor in CAD patients.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.603-606
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• 1991

Probenecid의 결정구조는 graphite-monochromated Mo-K${\alpha}$선을 사용하는 ENRAF-NONIUS CAD-4 자동 X-선 4축 회절기에서 수집된 2574개의 독립적 회절 반점들을 이용하여 결정되었다. 결정은 triclinic system에 속하고, 공간군은 P$\bar{1}$이며, 단위세포 상수는 a = 7.535(2)${\AA}$, b = 18.473 (5)${\AA}$, c = 5.317(9)${\AA}$, ${\alpha} = 92.00(5)^{\circ}$, ${\beta} = 99.02(5)^{\circ}$, ${\gamma} = 94.89(2)^{\circ}$, V = 727.4(2)${\AA}^3$이었다. 이 밖의 다른 parameters로서, Z = 2, $D_m$ = 1.310, $D_x = 1.302 gcm^{-3}$, ${\mu} = 1.88 cm^{-1}$, F(000) = 304, and T = 298 K이었다. 5${\sigma}(F_o)$ 이상인 1209개의 반점들에대한 최종 R및 $R_w$는 각각 0.0676과 0.0630이었다. 질소원자 N(13)의 공간배열에서, 결합각의 합은 350.9이며, 질소 주위의 세 원자가 이루는 평면에서 0.268(6)${\AA}$ 만큼 벗어나 있다. S(1)-C(4) 결합길이는 1.792(6)${\AA}$이며 C(4)-S(1)-N(13) 결합각은 $106.5(3)^{\circ}$이다. 분자의 전체적인 형태는 황에 대하여 접혀진 구조를 나타내고 있다.