• 제목/요약/키워드: n-hydrocarbons

검색결과 213건 처리시간 0.027초

제주-대한해협의 표층해양의 용존 탄화수소 (Dissolved Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in the surface waters of Cheju-Korea Straits region)

  • 조기웅;정경화;신종헌;김영일;정창수;홍기훈
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.374-380
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    • 2000
  • 제주-대한해협중 소흑산도에서 부산앞 대마도부근 까지의 제주도 이북의 대륙붕 해역 (33$^{\circ}$30'${\sim}$34$^{\circ}$N 125$^{\circ}$${\sim}$128$^{\circ}$E) 용존탄화수소의 분포와 성인을 조사하였다. 표층 해수중 용존탄화수소 총함량의 시 ${\cdot}$ 공간적 변이는 10배 이상이 대체로 연안에서 높고 외해에서 낮으며, 총함량은 가을에 봄보다 높다. 탄화수소의 성인을 n-alkanes과 pristane함량을 기준으로 보면 해수중 용존 탄화수소는 1998년 4월의 경우, 황해남부(125$^{\circ}$E) 해역에서는 식물플랑크톤기원 및 석유기원 탄화수소가 우세하고, 남해에서는 육상기원과 석유기원이 우세하다. 그리고 1998년 9월에는 남해에 식물플랑크톤과 석유기원이 우세하게 나타났다.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYSIS BY VARIOUS OXYGENATED FUELS IN A D.I. DIESEL ENGINE

  • CHOI S. H.;OH Y. T.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.197-203
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    • 2005
  • This paper investigates the effect of oxygen composition in mixed fuel on the exhaust emissions for the direct injection diesel engine. These effects were tested to estimate the change in engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics when commercial diesel fuel and oxygenates blended fuels at a certain fuel and mixed ratio are used. Individual hydrocarbons $(C_1-C_6)$ in exhaust gases, as well as the total amount of hydrocarbons, were analyzed by using gas chromatography to find the mechanism by which smoke emission was remarkably reduced for various oxygenated fuels. The chromatograms between a diesel fuel and a diesel fuel blended DGM (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) and EGBE (ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether) were compared. The results showed that the number of individual hydrocarbons as well as the total number of hydrocarbons of oxygenated fuel reduced more remarkably than those of diesel fuel.

Measurements of 50 Non-polar Organic Compounds Including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, n-Alkanes and Phthalate Esters in Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan

  • Ichikawa, Yujiro;Watanabe, Takehisa;Horimoto, Yasuhide;Ishii, Katsumi;Naito, Suekazu
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.274-288
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    • 2018
  • Quantitative data of 50 non-polar organic compounds constituting $PM_{2.5}$ were continuously collected and analyzed from June 2016 to October 2017 (approximately 17 months) at Ichihara, one of the largest industrial areas in Japan. Target non-polar organic compounds including 21 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 24 species of n-alkanes and 5 species of phthalate esters(PAEs) were simultaneously measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Basically, the average concentrations of the total PAHs, n-alkanes and PAEs in each season remained nearly level, and seasonal variations were little throughout the study period. These results suggest that the emission sources, which are not influenced by the seasons, are the dominant inputs for the target organic compounds. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, assessment of n-alkane homologue distributions, carbon preference index, and the contribution of wax n-alkanes from plants were used to estimate source apportionments. These results indicate that anthropogenic sources were the main contributor for most PAHs and n-alkanes throughout the study period. The concentrations of PAEs selected in this study were low because emission amounts of these chemicals were little within the source areas of the sampling site. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to simultaneously measure a high number of non-polar organic compounds in $PM_{2.5}$ collected from the ambient air of Japan, and the resultant data will provide valuable data and information for environmental researchers.

Determination of Normal Saturated- and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the River Water of Bangladesh by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography

  • Mottaleb, M.A.;Sarma, D.K.;Sultana, S.;Husain, M.M.;Alam, S.M.M.;Salehuddin, S.M.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2003
  • A liquid-liquid extraction followed by evaporative concentration method was used to determine the concentration of normal, or straight chain, saturated hydrocarbons (NSH) $(C_{10}\;to\;C_{24})$ and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) here defined as: fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene and perylene, in the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from 5 and 25 cm depth of water at the southern, middle and northern parts of the river at Postogolla, Sadarghat and Sowarighat stations. Hydrocarbons were extracted from 450 mL of water into 75 mL n-hexane and then concentrated into 1 or 2 mL solution by evaporation. These solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography. The highest and lowest concentrations were determined as $257\;{\mu}gL^{-1}\;for\;C_{13}\;and \;0.24\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}\;for\;C_{22}$ at 5 ㎝ depth of water, at the northern part of the Sowarighat and southern part of the Postogolla, respectively. This method could allow the analysis of water for $C_{22}$ as low as $0.24\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$.

비수계분산매체에서 질화규소와 소결첨가제 AlN 및 Nd$_2$O$_3$의 분산 (Dispersion of Silicon Nitride Particles and Sintering Additives of AlN and Nd$_2$O$_3$ in Nonaqueous Suspending Media)

  • 김재원;백운규;윤경진
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.210-219
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    • 1999
  • Alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones 그리고 ethers와 같은 다양한 유기용매에서 질화규소 및 소결첨가제로 사용되는 AlN, Nd2O3 입자의 분산특성을 연구하였다. 분산안정화기구 및 유기공정첨가제와의 상호작용에 관한 연구를 수행하여 비수계 시스템에서 세라믹 입자의 분산성을 규명하였다. 현탁액의 물성특성은 산술된 Hamaker 상수 뿐 아니라 electrokinetic sonic amplitude 측정 및 유동학적 결과로부터 얻어진 흐름곡선을 이용하여 평가하였다. 유기용매 내에서 Si3N4, AlN 그리고 Nd2O3 분산안정화에 기여하는 정전기적 척력은 예상보다 컸으며, 이것은 유기용매의 물리화학적 특성에 의존함을 알 수 있었다.

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전자선 조사한 아몬드(Prunus amygosalus L.)와 땅콩(Arachis hypogaea)에서 유래한 지방분해산물 분석 (Detection of Hydrocarbons Induced by Electron Beam Irradiation of Almond (Prunus amygosalus L.) and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea))

  • 정인선;김재성;황인민;최성화;최지연;노은영;나임 칸;김병숙;김경수
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.20-24
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    • 2013
  • 아몬드와 땅콩의 비조사 시료와 1, 3, 5, 10 kGy로 전자선을 조사한 시료에서 유도된 hydrocarbon류의 생성량을 분석하기 위하여 지방을 n-hexane으로 추출하여 florisil column으로 분리 및 GC/MS로 분석하였다. 전자선 조사된 아몬드와 땅콩에서 유래한 hydrocarbon류는 oleic acid에서 1,7-hexadecadiene($C_{16:2}$)과 8-heptadecene($C_{17:1}$), linoleic acid에서 1,7,10-hexadecatriene($C_{16:3}$)과 6,9-heptadecadiene($C_{17:2}$), 그리고 palmitic acid에서 1-tetradecene($C_{14:1}$) 및 pentadecane($C_{15:0}$) 생성되었고, oleic acid와 palmitic acid에서는 $C_{n-2}$, linoleic acid에서는 $C_{n-1}$ 화합물이 보다 더 높게 생성되었다. 전자선을 1, 3, 5, 10 kGy의 선량별로 조사한 시료에서 생성된 hydrocarbon류의 함량은 조사선량에 따라 증가하였고 비조사 시료에서는 확인되지 않았다. 특히, oleic acid와 linoleic acid에서 유래한 1,7-hexadecadiene($C_{16:2}$), 8-heptadecene($C_{17:1}$)과 1,7,10-hexadecatriene($C_{16:3}$) 및 6,9-heptadecadiene($C_{17:2}$)의 경우 아몬드와 땅콩 모두에서 다른 hydrocarbon류에 비해 전자선 조사에 의한 생성량이 높게 나타난바 전자선 조사유무 판별 marker로 사용 가능함을 확인하였다.

계면활성제 생성능과 세포 표면 소수성을 가진 세균 균주들에 의한 석유탄화수소의 생분해 (Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by bacteria with surfactant producing capability and cell surface hydrophobicity)

  • 권선률;송홍규
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제53권4호
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 2017
  • 다른 탄화수소 분해 방법을 가진 여러 세균을 유류-오염 토양에서 분리하였다. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus SL1은 기름-분산 시험에서 계면활성제-생성능을 보였으며 경유와 n-hexane에 대해 각각 43.6과 54.5%의 유화활성을 나타내었다. 또한 높은 세포 표면 소수성을 가졌는데 이는 탄화수소에 쉽게 부착하여 그것을 분해할 수 있게 한다. 이 균주는 1,000 mg/L의 n-octadecane과 naphthalene을 3일 내에 100% 분해하였으며, 1,000 mg/L의 경유는 7일 동안 72.3%, 그리고 10,000 mg/L로 오염시킨 토양에서는 4주 간 78%를 제거하였다. 다른 분리균주 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S10과 B. subtilis GO9는 생물계면활성제를 생산할 수 있으며 기름-분산 시험에서 각각 6.34와 2.5 cm직경의 투명대를 형성하였다. 배양 중 그들의 배양 상등액은 표면장력이 74.6 mN/m으로부터 각각 34.4와 33.3 mN/m으로 감소하였으며, 배양 상등액의 critical micelle concentration은 각각 2.0과 5.9%이었다. A. calcoaceticus SL1과 B. amyloliquefaciens S10의 컨소시엄은 10,000 mg/L의 경유를 3일만에 77.8% 분해하였는데 이는 A. calcoaceticus SL1 단독에 의한 것보다 높은 분해능이었다. 만일 이 세균들을 유류-오염 부지에 컨소시엄으로 같이 처리한다면 높은 석유탄화수소 제거율을 나타낼 수 있을 것이다.

초임계유체추출과 GC/MS를 이용한 도심 대기분진 중 PAH들의 신속한 분석법에 관한 연구 (A Rapid Method for Analysing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's) in Urban Dust Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)허귀석, 김달호)

  • 허귀석;김달호
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제38권10호
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    • pp.726-733
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    • 1994
  • 대기부유분진(air particulate material)중에 존재하는 다환방향족탄화수소(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH)를 신속하고 정확하게 분석하기 위하여 대기부유분진 시료를 10ml의 초임계유체($N_2O$ )로 30분간 추출 후 별도의 전처리와 농축과정 없이 GC/MS에서 분석하여 분석시간과 분석과정을 단축 및 단순화하였다. 시료로서 NBS 대기부유분진 인증표준기준물질(certified particulate reference material, CRM)1649와 서울의 도심에서 채취한 대기부유분진 시료를 이용하여 기존의 추출법 및 분석방법과 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 분석방법은 기존의 분석법에 비해 회수율은 상대적으로 작았으나 재현성이 좋았으며 분석과정이 간단하고 분석시간이 현저히 단축됨을 알 수 있었다.

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A Computational Study on the Adsorption Characteristics of Hydrocarbons (Propylene, n-Butane and Toluene) by uing Cation-exchanged ZSM-5 Zeolites

  • Lee, Hyun Chul;Kim, Kyung Min;Choi, Sung Il;Kim, Yong Ha;Woo, Hee Chul;Won, Yong Sun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제56권6호
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    • pp.909-913
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    • 2018
  • A hydrocarbon trap (HT) plays an important role of controlling vehicle emissions in the so-called cold emission period by holding hydrocarbons until three way catalysts (TWCs) are thermally activated. In this study, we have investigated the adsorption characteristics of cation (H, La, K, and Ag)-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites for hydrocarbons (propylene, n-butane, and toluene) by DFT (density functional theory)-based computational chemistry. Cation exchange is to improve the hydrothermal stability of zeolites and their adsorption capacity, thereby rendering cation-exchanged zeolites promising materials for HT. The idea of cluster approximation makes the calculation of adsorption energies superbly efficient in computation. The results showed that Ag-exchanged ZSM-5 would be the best for the adsorption of all three adsorbates, without often encountered Ag oxidation in experiments. Besides, the hydrothermal stability of La-exchanged ZSM-5 was confirmed from the change of geometrical parameters by cation exchange, and it showed good adsorption capacity for propylene and toluene. Hydrogen-exchanged ZSM-5 was also good for hydrogen adsorption, but had poor hydrothermal stability.

디젤기관에서 다종 함산소연료 첨가에 의한 배기배출물 특성에 관한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study on Exhaust Emission Characteristics by Various Oxygenated Additives in Diesel Engine)

  • 오영택;최승훈
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.101-110
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, the effects of oxygen component in blended fuel on the exhaust emissions have been investigated far direct injection diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for th? commercial diesel fuel and oxygenated blended fuels which have three kinds of fuels and various mixed rates. And, it was tried to analyze not only total hydrocarbon but individual hydrocarbons(C$_1$∼ C$\_$6/) in exhaust gases using gas chromatography to seek the reason far remarkable reduction of smoke emission on various oxygenated fuels. This study carried out by comparing the chromatogram with diesel fuel and diesel fuel blended DGM(diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), MTBE(methyl tart-butyl ether) and EGBE(ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether). The results of this study show that individual hydrocarbons as well as total hydrocarbon of oxygenated fuel are reduced remarkably compared with commercial diesel fuel.