• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2000

17세에서 19세까지의 남녀고등학생 총 근시안 197안에 대해서 근시성 난시안을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 근시안중 난시안은 남학생이 61%, 여학생은 57%의 결과를 얻었다. 2. $-100{\geq}$cyl>0.00 난시안은 82%의 분포를 나타냈고 $-1.5{\geq}$cyl>-1.00 범위의 난시안은 12%의 난시안이 조사되어 이들 범위에서 전체 난시안 94%가 조사되었다. 3. -2.00>cyl 범위의 난시안은 6%의 비율로 조사 되었다. 4. 전체 난시중 직난시는 81%로 조사되었고 도난시와 사시는 각각 5%, 14%로 조사되었다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제63권
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• pp.209-244
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• 2014

This research had a close look into the expected results for both Korea and China from the contextual background of their efforts on FTA. In reality, we have to admit that Korea-China FTA has gains and losses for both countries in different fields and industries. Therefore, we suggest that people should not be myopic on the FTA matters, but take long-term perspectives in order to increase the entire benefits for companies and the country. Both countries should be able to build up strategic, reciprocal cooperation. We emphasize that the current FTA negotiations with China can turn out threats, not opportunities, if we do not establish effective negotiation strategies. Furthermore, we argue that, if we know and understand Chinese negotiation culture in advance, we could react to their strategic actions still more effectively. All in all, we could say that the purpose of our research is, first of all, to investigate the antecedents and consequences of the current Korea-China FTA negotiations; second, to divulge the Chinese negotiation culture, to presume possible negotiation strategies on the part of the Chinese, and to envision possible strategic reactions on our part; third, to delineate value creations from the successful Korea-China FTA in the future.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.310-336
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• 2021

We use iterative numerical procedures combined with analytical methods due to Rapach and Wohar (2009) to solve for the dynamic asset allocation strategy for optimal portfolio demand. We compare different optimal portfolio demands when investors in each country have different access to overseas and domestic investment opportunities. The optimal dynamic asset allocation strategy without foreign investment opportunities leads domestic investors in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore to allocate more funds to domestic bonds than to domestic stocks. However, the U.S. investors allocate more wealth to domestic stocks than to domestic bonds. Investors in all countries short bills at a low level of risk aversion. Next, we investigate dynamic asset allocation strategy when domestic investors in Korea have access to foreign markets. The optimal portfolio demand leads investors in Korea to allocate most resources to domestic bonds and foreign stocks. On the other hand, the portfolio weights on foreign bonds and domestic stocks are relatively low. We also analyze dynamic asset allocation strategy for the investors in the U.S., Hong Kong, and Singapore when they have access to the Korean markets as overseas investment opportunities. Compared to the results when the investors only have access to domestic markets, the investors in the U.S. and Singapore increase the portfolio weights on domestic stocks in spite of the overseas investment opportunities in the Korean markets. The investors in the U.S., Hong Kong, and Singapore short domestic bills to invest more than initial funds in risky assets with a varying degree of relative risk aversion coefficients without exception.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.203-219
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• 2019

Recently, the Trump administration initiated a new United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) that strengthened NAFTA's rules of origin to enhance protectionism while maintaining the framework of trade agreements rather than completely abolishing them. This study focuses on the behavior of firms motivated to influence the government to practice protectionist trade by analyzing the rules of origin verification and adopting the political economics model. This paper explains the process of endogenous determination of the stringency of rules of origin verification as a non-tariff barrier using the lobbying model. Comparative static analysis shows that the more efficient technology a domestic firm has and the more government prefers to raise political contribution, the more is verification likely to be strict. This suggests that a rationale exists to maintain a free trade agreement in the form of the new agreement (USMCA) without abolishing the current NAFTA regime.

• 영어영문학
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.249-267
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• 2014

An outsider's perspective is often illuminating and enlightening, as he or she perceives the world differently from us, and sees things that insiders tend to miss. While an outsider's views are fresh and penetrating, an insider's vision is often banal and myopic. Although outsiders' perspectives may not be quite right at times, they always shed light and provide insight, allowing us to reevaluate the conventional interpretations of our literature and folktales. In order to prevent our own understanding and knowledge from growing stale and narrow-minded, we should endeavor to consider outsiders' opinions and view all things from multiple angles. When reading literary or cultural texts, therefore, we need to read through others' eyes because it provides alternative perspectives. And we should learn to co-exist with others and see things from others' eyes. In his celebrated novel, My Name Is Red, Orhan Pamuk, the Turkish Nobel Laureate, explores the themes of clashes between the East and the West, the young and the old, and conservatism and radicalism. The confrontation between the stubborn defenders of tradition and the self-righteous innovators ultimately results in bigotry, hatred and murder. As Pamuk aptly perceives in his novel, the inevitable outcome of such uncompromising conflict is degradation of humanity and annihilation of human civilization. That is precisely why we need to embrace others who are different from us and learn to look through others' eyes. Sometimes, we fear other voices and different perspectives. As the movie "The Others" suggests, however, there is no reason for us to be afraid of others.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.4776-4794
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• 2020

We propose a rapid adaptive learning framework for streaming object detection, called EER-ASSL. The method combines the expected error reduction (EER) dependent rollback learning and the active semi-supervised learning (ASSL) for a rapid adaptive CNN detector. Most CNN object detectors are built on the assumption of static data distribution. However, images are often noisy and biased, and the data distribution is imbalanced in a real world environment. The proposed method consists of collaborative sampling and EER-ASSL. The EER-ASSL utilizes the active learning (AL) and rollback based semi-supervised learning (SSL). The AL allows us to select more informative and representative samples measuring uncertainty and diversity. The SSL divides the selected streaming image samples into the bins and each bin repeatedly transfers the discriminative knowledge of the EER and CNN models to the next bin until convergence and incorporation with the EER rollback learning algorithm is achieved. The EER models provide a rapid short-term myopic adaptation and the CNN models an incremental long-term performance improvement. EER-ASSL can overcome noisy and biased labels in varying data distribution. Extensive experiments shows that EER-ASSL obtained 70.9 mAP compared to state-of-the-art technology such as Faster RCNN, SSD300, and YOLOv2.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 안경의 광학적 특성에서 고안된 새로운 메타휴리스틱 최적화 알고리즘인 Vision Correction Algorithm(VCA)을 개발하였다. VCA는 안경광학분야에서 수행되는 검안과 교정과정을 최적해 탐색 과정에 적용한 기법으로 근시/원시교정-밝기조정-압축시행-난시교정의 과정을 거쳐 최적화를 수행하게 된다. 제안된 VCA는 기존의 메타휴리스틱 알고리즘과 달리 현재까지 축적된 최적화 결과를 기반으로 전역탐색과 국지탐색 적용 확률, 그리고 전역탐색의 방향이 자동적으로 조정 된다. 제안된 방법을 대표적인 최적화 문제(수학 및 공학 분야)에 적용하고, 그 결과를 기존 알고리즘들과 비교하여 제시하였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1998

18세에서 27세 사이의 남자 82명 여자 70명 총 152명을 대상으로 2시간 동안 쉬지 않고 VDT작업을 하도록 한 후, 안구 및 전신증상 등을 조사하고 시력, 타각적 굴절이상, 조절력 상위량 등을 측정한 결과, 안구증상으로는 눈의 피로를 느끼는 사항이 45.71%로 가장 많았고, 시기능 이상으로는 물체가 흐려 보이는 경우가 80.39%, 전신증상으로는 어깨가 아픈 사람이 33.33%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 시력변화는 평균나안시력 0.47에서 0.42로 약 10%가 저하했으며 타각적 굴절이상은 0.10D정도 근시도가 증가했다. 조절력은 7.46D에서 6.74D로 약 0.72D 정도 줄었고, 조절용이성은 2.27초에서 2.50초로 0.23초만큼 지연되었다. 실성상대조절량은 4.76D에서 4.16D로 0.50D만큼 감소했고 허성상대조절량은 2.46D에서 2.33D로 0.13D 만큼 줄었다. 사위량은 평균 $1.82{\Delta}$ B.O.에서 $3.24{\Delta}$ B.O.으로 내 사위량이 증가했다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 1988

The analysis of the visual impairment and refractive errors among 4,004 school children in Seoul in 1986 with ancilliary questionnaire on various socio-environmental and visual factors was conducted. The number of the student with subnormal vision (0.7 or less) was 1,552 (38,8 %), and the rate of subnormal vision was increased with the higher grading of the school classes. Rate of myopes among the 1,552 students vision 0.7 or less consists of 52 % in primary school, 83.5 % in middle school, and 94 % in high school, and they were increased with the higher grading of the school class. The acutest increase of rates were observed at the stages of 2nd year class of male, and 1st year class of female at the middle school. Among the glasses-wearer of myopic students of vision 0.5 or less, the rate of adequately corrected cases was 42.5 %, whereas the overcorrected in 6.8 %, and undercorrected in 49.3 %. The main reasons of glasses negligence among the non-possessor of glasses with the vision of 0.5 or less were indicated in prominence of numbers of' "no complaints without glasses" (42 %). "unawareness of visual disturbance" (20%), "annoyance with wearing glasses" (13.4%), and "no permission from parents" (11.5 %) rather than the "economical reasons". The amblyopic components were estimated 126 cases (3.2%) in combination of refractive errors. According to the analysis of ancilliary questionnaire, the-conclusion with the statistical significance was that the myopization of the children's eyes appeared susceptible with a number of socio-environmental factors including the eating habits, length of T.V. watching period and distance, reading distance and type of illumination during near work, and school achievement. The possibility of prevention in some extents of progress of the myopia following the improvement of the relevant environmental factors in younger stage of children would be considered as deducible one.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

저자들은 112명의 224안을 대상으로 동공거리와 안경광학중심거리를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 총 224안 중 근시안은 136안(60.7%), 난시안은 85안(37.9%), 원시안은 3안(1.4%)이었다. 2. ${\pm}0.25$ < $$D{\leq_-}{\pm}1.00$$ 35안 중 수평프리즘 효과가 안경의 조제가공 허용오차를 넘지 않는 경우는 34안(97.1%)이었다. 3. ${\pm}1.00$ < $$D{\leq_-}{\pm}6.00$$ 167안 중 수평프리즘 효과가 안정의 조제가공 허용오차를 넘지 않는 경우는 136안(81.4%)이었다. 4. ${\pm}6.00%$ < $$D{\leq_-}{\pm}12.00$$ 22안 중 수평프리즘 효과가 안경의 조제가공 허용오차를 넘지 않는 경우는 12안(54.5%)이었다.