• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.831-844
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• 2008

Since cooperatives consist of many distinct members in the management environment and characteristics, it is necessary to make similar cooperatives into a few groups for the effective risk management of cooperatives' mutuality bank. This paper is a priori research for suggesting a guidance for effective risk management of cooperatives with different management strategy. For such purpose, we propose a way to group the members of cooperative's mutuality bank. The 30 continuous variables which is relative to cooperatives' management status are considered and six factors are extracted from those variables through factor analysis with empirical consideration to avoid wrong grouping and to enhance the practical interpretation. Based on extracted six factors and additional 3 categorical variables, six representative groups are derived by the two step clustering analysis. These findings are useful to execute a discriminatory risk management and other management strategy for a mutuality bank and others.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.167-183
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in infant-mother interactions and to measure infant-mother interaction, mutuality, and reciprocity at the 2nd and 6th postnatal monthperiods. Infant-mother interaction was assessed in the mornings, afternoons, and evenings in the 2nd and 6th postnatal months, by filming unstructured free play in the home and analyzing 28 of these infant-mother film recordingsusing two trained observers. This study can be summarized in five points. First, the separate frequency distribution of each category in MIIBR's maternal behavior was as follows: the frequencies of vocalization category, the kinesthetic exercise & physical contact category, the physical caregiving category, and theuse of play tool category. These all showed changes in the 6th postnatal month compared to the 2nd postnatal month. Second, the separate frequency distribution of each category in MIIBR's infant behavior was as follows: the frequencies of physical behavior category, the vocalization category, and the play behavior category. These also all showed changes in the 6th postnatal month compared to the 2nd postnatal month. Third, the mutuality and reciprocity of mother interaction decreased in the 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. Fourth, mutuality and reciprocity in the infant interaction increased in 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. Fifth, mutuality and reciprocity in the infant-mother interaction increased in 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. In conclusion, it is evident that infant-mother interactions change over time. This study bears particular significance in setting a foundation for the theoretical basis of the interaction between infant and mother by observation.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.197-222
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of trust between the producer and the distributor, focusing on relational norms (mutuality, flexibility, and solidarity) and environmental munificence, in agricultural marketing channels. More specifically, followings are investigated in cucumber marketing channels ; (a) the effects of environmental munificence on relational norms, and (b) tile effects of relational norms on trust. The major findings of this study are as follows ; (1) The cucumber producers' perceived output sector munificience positively affected the mutuality and solidarity of the relational norms. (2) The mutuality and solidarity of the relational norms positively affected the trust. Therefore, the efficient marketing transaction system, mutual efforts for a fair regard between producers and middlemen, and the development of sound moral and trading custom are required in the Korean agricultural market. And also the active roles of government to develop the infrastructure of agricultural marketing and the proper roles of agricultural cooperatives to keep transaction activity fair should be clarified and proactively conducted.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.363-370
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• 2004

This Paper presents the response force distribution factor(RDF) and its application to recalculation of member forces in case of partial changes of structures. Using RDF, the mutuality of response forces between members can be estimated. The reanalysis technique recalculates directly any displacement or member force under consideration in real time without a full reanalysis in spite of local changes in member stiffness or connectivity using RDF. It is expected that RDF and the reanalysis technique can be used to develop efficient analysis techniques for tall buildings.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study how flexibility and mutuality in determining trade terms impact logistics efficiency in the context of relational theory. Additionally, the effect of relational contracts on logistical efficiency relative to the value of the goods being traded is investigated. Design/methodology - According to the relational contract theory, we developed 17 factors utilizing a 7-point Likert scale to measure variables related to flexibility, mutuality, logistics efficiency, and the added value of goods. The survey occurred over four months, and was distributed directly, and via email, phone, and online Google surveys. A total of 403 surveys were collected out of 1,800 distributed, and 380 were analyzed. The principal respondents were import/export companies and members of the Korea International Trade Association and the Korea Small and Medium Business Export-Import Association. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and correlation analysis using SPSS ver. 26.0 statistical software, and hypothesis test results were derived using Process Macro ver. 3.5. Findings - This study provides evidence that negotiation flexibility for trade terms affects the efficiency of the logistics process, and the mutuality of such arrangements is shown to be associated with the flexibility and efficiency of logistics processes. Additionally, it has been established that companies whose trade goods possess a low degree of added value may experience increased efficiency in logistics operations if they agree to trade terms that are both flexible and mutually beneficial with their counterparts. Originality/value - This study suggests that in an environment of rapidly shifting global logistics and unpredictable related costs, trade companies may be able to improve logistics efficiency by establishing flexible, mutually beneficial trade terms when entering into contracts. Furthermore, it is suggested that companies dealing in low-value-added products may improve the logistical performance of approaching trade from a perspective of relational contracts.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.239-258
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• 1996

This study deals with the measurement of relational norms, a safeguard for sustained exchange relationshipsim marketing channel systems. Here, the relational norm items are hypothesized to have a second-order factor model, in which mine observed items originate from the three first-order factors and the first order factors in turn originate from a second-order factor. The three first order construe comprising a higher order norm are mutuality(equity in the distribution of benefits and burdens over the course of the exchange on a long term basis), flexibility(expectation of friendly adaption for possible circumstance changes), and solidarity (the degree to which the preservation of the unique and continuing relationship is internalized by the exchange partners as being important in and of itself). 113 research questionnaires are obtained from four industries such as construction, telecommunication, iron, and electric ＆ electronic industries, Reliability and nomological. discriminant validity are tested, and in using the confirmatory factor analysis of Lisrel 7.16, and the chi-square difference test it is tested which has a better satisfactory fit to the data, the first-order model or the second-order one. The results of this study indicates that relational norms have a second order construct. In the electric and electronic industry the model as a while has a satisfactory fit to the data and the relevant first- and second-order factor loading to the mutuality is not significant. Same Results are happened to the flexibility in the telecommunication industry and to the mutuality and flexibility in the inn industry. In sum, the model lends support to our construct, but it is difficult to apply the measurement model to all kinds of industries.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.306-319
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to study customer-supplier relationships, particularly their partnerships, to help managers and practitioners successfully design, develop, implement and deploy tools and joint practices as a means for an effective supply chain management (SCM). To achieve this purpose, a total of 1,811 potential survey questionnaire respondents responsible for purchasing, sales/marketing, quality-, and production- or operations-related functions of U.S. private manufacturing companies in SIC 35, 36, and 37 were used to collect quantitative data. Using 172 usable survey questionnaire responses, eight hypothesized relationships were tested using two independent (joint use of specific tools and joint practices) and four dependent variables (informed partners, role integrity, conflict resolution, and mutuality). From the overall perspective (customer+supplier), organizations with higher levels of joint action have higher degrees of informed partners whereas organizations with higher levels of joint action resolve conflicts formally and do not have higher degrees of mutuality.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.799-812
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• 2010

The public banking market (the main eld of the second banking sector) faces increased competition du to the expansion of the rst banking sector. In this situation, Customer Satisfaction Management(CSM is emerging as a core business factor to create continuous growth without competitive exclusion because it is possible to churn management and draw an advocate customer. In this pa- per, with Suhyup mutuality bank as a sample for research, I have looked for necessary Customer Satisfaction(CS) factors and deduced a Customer Satisfaction Index(CSI), Customer Loyalty and Net Promoter Score(NPS) of detail factors in CS through a survey. Based on these result, the strategic factors required to improve CS were found and strategic directions for CS were proposed through a CS portfolio analysis.

• (The) Korean Journal of Advertising
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.57-90
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• 2018

This study is aimed at articulating the policy communication concept and developing the policy communication index between the Korean government and the public. Theoretically guided by dialogic communication theory, two step research was employed. In the first stage, the elements of policy communication were derived through literature review and in-depth interviews. In the second stage, online survey was conducted for the general public and reliability and validity were secured through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. The finalized policy communication index has two dimensions of mutuality and openness. The mutuality has six sub dimensions and the openness has three sub dimensions. The level of mutuality and openness of the policy communication index differed according to the policy type. In the cultural policy, which represents the traits of distribution policy, the degree of mutuality was strong, but the degree of openness was important in communication of education policy, which represents the traits of redistribution policy. This study is meaningful as an empirical study that verifies and suggests the influence of the policy communication index in the context of the policy communication and practical applicability to strategic public relations by understanding the dimensions of policy communication.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.625-632
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• 2003

We are view of the information on VPN(Virtual private Network) into each difference layer protocol. network on mutuality exchanged of information is importance of the confidentiality and Integrity. But it is presented problems about compatability and availability between variable equipment as several protocol. hence, it was achieved of the transmission through encryption and authentication of information, although there is secured an intended attack from the third intruder. so tunneling VPN system on achieving, each layer position transmit of mutuality exchanged. This study will investigate the codification and certified security status when layer2 and layer 3 informations are each transmitted using protocol with integrity Public Key. In addition, we will using protocol and the performance analysis difference between layers and layers.