• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.15
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• pp.217-231
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• 1990

The purposes of this study were to research 1) the background of origination, 2) the process of development and 3) the influences to modern clothing culture of American sportswear. The most Influential sportswear designers in America from beginning period to present : such as Claire McCardell, Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren and Donna Karan were selected to study their life and achievements in the world sportswear market. The Results were as follows : 1) World War I & II have caused the greatest changes to modern history America became the center of world economy, society and culture. Politically, they have influenced democracy world-wide and raised the social status of women. The free American women enjoyed sports, Jazz drinking and car-driving. The advanced technology have accelerated mechanization and mass-production to the fashion industrv. 2) The above historical backgrounds have caused to change women's clothing to casual, practical and simple form. Dorothy Shaver at Lord & Taylor began promoting American designers who created the original American spirit. Claire McCardell created the seperated American sportswear to become world-wide fashion. Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren, the sportswear designers who have the unique American feeling have come to have riches and fames equal to the top designers in Paris. 3) The American sportswear and fashion industry influenced Paris Mode, the traditional Haute Couture to open Pret-a-porter-a-porter. The concept of seperated coordination in American sportswear have promoted the advanced marketing techniques and merchandising systems to modern ready-to-wear industry. Fashion in 1980s have increased the mutual interdepedence between the American sportswear industry and the creative Paris Mode. And then, the fashion world in 1990s and 21C will be changed and developed on the basis of American sportswear mechanism.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1997

Acrosome reaction usually occures just before fertilization in most mammals, and it has been known that $Ca^{2+}$ plays an important role in the acrosome reaction and albumin also known as a critical factor for spermatozoan activities. The present study has been designed in order to observe maturing processes of the spermatozoa occurred in the ductus epididymidis and to clarify the relationships of $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations with those processes, and to compare the enzymatic activities of ATPase and the lactate dehydrogenase of the spermatozoa in accordance with time before and after the spermatozoan maturation. From the results, we can confirm that most of the bat spermatozoa come to maturity within the epididymal cauda and may pass through capacitation outside the cauda. However it is expected to be studied that the fluctuation of spermatogenic activity depending on temperature changes and their relationships with the ductus epididymidis and their mutual influences.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.73-103
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• 2010

This study aims to explore how the transformational leadership (consisting of three factors"charisma, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation) and the organizational culture (typified by developmental, rational, consensual, and hierarchical culture) are related to the organizational effectiveness (consisting of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to leave a job) of dental clinics. We found the following empirical results through a survey of 378 persons who work in dental clinics. Firstly, the respondents acknowledged charismatic leadership as the typical type of leadership ; as for organizational culture, a culture of consensus is recognized as the representative type. Secondly, transformational leadership has different effects according to the type of organizational culture: a positive influence in developmental and rational cultures, but a negative influence in consensual and hierarchical cultures. Thirdly, developmental culture has proven to be the most suitable for increasing job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The developmental, rational, and consensual cultures have all contributed to reducing intention to leave among clinic staff, whereas in the hierarchical culture, intention has been elevated. Fourthly, transformational leadership has a positive effect on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment; the intent to leave has been lessened under individualized consideration and charismatic leadership, but has been increased under leadership of intellectual stimulation. Fifthly, it is consideration and charisma that help to increase organizational effectiveness. These influences will become more effective through a developmental culture. Based on the above empirical results, we propose practical measures to improve the organizational effectiveness of clinics, in particular dental clinics. In order to build developmental culture, the doctor (manager) should produce an atmosphere in the clinic in which staff members are able to create and jointly own ideas and then promote awareness of staff participation. Additionally, in order to bring leadership of charisma and consideration into full play, the doctor should shape a relationship of mutual trust mainly by recognizing and praising the work of clinic staff. Finally, the doctor needs to acknowledge that organizational effectiveness can be significantly improved by increasing the transparency of the business.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.159-175
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• 2014

Trust has been identified as crucial to intention to continue to use e-commerce systems. Although trust is inherent in relationship-based practices, most studies on trust have focused on influences on customer trust. From the viewpoint of mutual trust, few empirical studies have examined the effect of users' perceived trust from an e-commerce website on customer trust in that website, despite the obvious importance of this issue, particularly in the field of e-commerce. This paper empirically examines the role of customer perception of trust in the customer on the part of e-commerce websites. In addition, this study explores the ability of e-commerce websites' trusting actions to transfer positive impressions that encourage trust in those sites. The results indicate that in the e-commerce context, a website's trusting actions are important to customer perception of being trusted by and trusting in e-commerce websites.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2012

This study aimed to find the components of visual image by researching main image-related adjectives applied to high-waist skirts. In addition, it compared and analyzed the differences and mutual influences of visual images according to variations in the waistline and skirt length of high-waist skirts. The researchers made nine high-waist skirts-combinations of three different levels of waistlines and skirt lengths. The test involved 121 people who hold degrees in the field of Clothing and Textiles. The panels tested actual images of all models wearing the high-waist skirts shown on a computer screen. The results of the study are as follows.: Four factors affected the visual image as waist-height and skirt-length changed: attractiveness, upper-body compensation, length compensation, and hips compensation. Among these factors, attractiveness was estimated as the most important factor. The torso and the hip were highlighted as the waistline increased from 3cm to 11cm, due to the optical illusion of a tighter skirt wrapping the bust, waist, and hips. As the waistline increased, the stature and leg length increased, possibly revising the overall appearance. For the skirt length, a length measuring 20cm above the knees, proved to be most attractive. This resulted in elongated height and leg length, and a slimmer overall look.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.873-882
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• 1992

The study is concerned with the rigid-plastic element analysis for axisymmetric hydromechanical deep drawing in which the fluid flow influences the metal deformation. Due to the fluid pressure acting on the sheet material hydromechanical deep drawing is distinguished from the conventional deep drawing processes. In considering the pressure effect, the governing equation for fluid pressure is solved and the result is reflected on the global stiffness matrix. The solution procedure consists of two stages ; i.e., initial bulging of the sheet surface before the initiation of steady fluid flow in the flange and fluid-lubricated stage. The problem is decoupled between fluid analysis and analysis of solid deformation by deformation by iterative feedback of mutual computed results. The corresponding experiments are carried out for axisymmetric hydro-mechanical deep drawing of annealled aluminium sheet as well as for deep drawing. It has been shown from the experiments that the limit drawing ratio for hydro-mechanical deep drawing is improved as compared with deep drawing. The computed results are in good agreement with the experiment for variation of punch head and chamber pressure with respect to the punch travel and for distribution of thicknees strain. It is thus shown that the present method of analysis can be effectively applied to the analysis of axisymmetric hydro-mechanical deep drawing processes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

The technique for Eye-tracking is to trace the movements of pupils so that the eye's exploration response to be digitized. The procedure of Observation Experiment shows a mutual environmental characteristics between men and measuring devices. In order to improve the reliability and to secure the objectivity of the data acquired from eye-tracking, it is very important to analyze the procedures for the experiment to be prepared and the test data to be saved. Based on this viewpoint, the convergent exploration activities at the observation experiment with the objects of sport images were examined to find out what influences the context effect given by experimental environments have on this experiment. In addition, the starting time of attention affecting the reliability of observation data has been estimated. When the observation time is to be subdivided by the unit of second. The attention disperses for the individual characteristics to be appreciated. However, in case of analysis by the overall average, there was the problem that the section of attention dispersed to make it difficult to analyze the subjects' observation features. The study results made it possible to understand the physiological characteristics which were near unconsciousness, when there was an intensive attention for the first 3 seconds and the observation data were shown to be in ordinary range after 4 seconds. The analysis of observation with the focus of the intensive attention enabled the analysis with the first 3 seconds excepted so that it might approach the ordinary range of observation data. The distribution of attention for the first 3 seconds showed the intensive attention, which was on the center. The emergence of intensive attention and the overlapping of the centers can be considered as a context effect due to the correction for the preparing process of experiment. Accordingly, it is thought to be helpful to the security of objectivity and the construction of reliability of eye-tracking data to analyze the observation features shown after the deletion of the data for the first 3 seconds.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.100-111
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• 2010

All of us have no time to predict and prepare for a rapidly-approaching future change in the 21st century, thereby being reality that we feel uneasy about future society. Accordingly, there is necessity for re-consolidating environment and daily culture in preparation for future society, namely, aging society. Given well preparing for super-aging society that will approach in the future, by which this effort becomes what bad luck often brings good luck, our country's role is thought to get probably bigger even in the globally silver industrial market in near future. We need to synthetically recognize a human being's aging psychological and physical conditions through the aging experience exhibition available for publicizing properly this historical phenomenon, and to pay more attention to importance of interaction between a human being and product environment. The experience exhibition is a concept for the exhibition form and the spatial composition, which emphasized interaction, with having escaped from the simply exhibition space. Given trying to communicate information more scientifically with escaping from the conventional exhibition of seeing and listening, it is also important to research Into the basis for exhibition as the experience space based on interaction. After all, a human being's aging is the unavoidably future phenomenon. And, importance of environment, which influences a human being, is very mutual as well. Our country is desired to develop a research on interaction of the exhibition experience space available for broadening recognition of senior-friendly and for properly experiencing this, thereby being an opportunity that the business entity, which plans silver industry, and the academic circles, which research and develop this, do mutually cooperate and can make silver industry grow further.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1062-1073
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• 2004

We describe a looper controller design for a hot strip finishing mill in steel plants. The main function of the looper system is to balance the mass flow of the strip by accumulating material in the middle of the stands. Another function is to control the strip tension which influences the width of the strip. To ensure strip quality, it is very important to control the tension of the hot strip finishing mill. However, because there is a mutual interaction between the looper angle and the strip tension, it is difficult to control the looper system. Previous researches examined only the operation of a single stand. But it is not sufficient to examine the operation and effect of whole stands because the operation is wholly interdependent. In this paper, we present a full model of the hot strip finishing mill in order to more effectively control strip tension. We propose several control methods for the full-stand hot strip finishing mill, denoted as conventional PI, PI with cross gain, and coefficient diagram method (CDM) PID control. In the real plants, there are some problems by using higher order controllers such as LQ, LQG and H$\_$$\infty$/. By comparison, the PID controller is very simple and easy to apply to all real plants. To that end, we present our findings on PID controls and their potential use in the hot strip finishing mill.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.9
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• pp.1340-1345
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• 2018

Mo-10 at.% Cu nanocomposite powders were fabricated by using planetary ball-milling (PBM), a mechanical alloying technique for preparing nanocomposite alloy powders of metals with mutual insolubility, and the variations in the physical and the chemical characteristics with the process conditions were investigated. We observed that Mo-10 at.% Cu was an appropriate composition to ensure a good alloying grade and minimal welding between particles. The influences of the temperature and the milling conditions on the mechanical alloying process and the phase change of Mo-10 at.% Cu composite powders were investigated, and the particle and the grain sizes of the powders after mechanical alloying were confirmed. The Mo-10 at.% Cu powders showed homogeneous elemental distributions and no phase changes up to $1200^{\circ}C$; their compositions were retained after the mechanical alloying process. The finest grain size obtained was about 5 nm for powders processed using optimum PBM processing conditions: ball-to-powder weight ratio of 5 : 1, ambient air atmosphere, a milling time of 20 h, a rotation speed of 200 rpm, and a stearic acid content of 4 wt.% produced superfine-grained Mo-10 at.% Cu nanocomposite powders with an average grain size of 5 nm (which is smaller than that of other similar materials reported in the literature). The analytical results confirmed that the PBM technique presented here is a promising method for preparing superfine-grained Mo-10 at.% Cu powders with improved properties.