• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-45
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• 1995

Type III thyroplasty is a useful surgical procedure reducing the tension of vocal cords by removing the vertical strip of anterior thyroid cartilage and resuturing the cut ends. One of the indications for this procedure is mutational dysphonia, the disease of men who has a childlike vocal pattern even after the process of puberty. We have experienced one case of mutational dysphonia treated with type III thyroplasty. He had high pitched voice from the middle school age and his preoperative fundamental frequency was 272.35 Hz. Two months after the surgery. the fundamental frequency was 129.58 Hz and the patient was also subjectively satisfied with his low-toned voice.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 1998

Mutational falsetto is a kind of voice disorders due to the failure to acquire proper low-pitched voice during the puberty. The patients with mutational falsetto can produce the normal low-pitched voice by the surgical treatment, like the type III-thyroplasty, or the voice therapy. The present study is, focusing on the latter treatment, to consider the efficiency of voice therapy for the mutational falsetto. The 7 patients who were diagnosed as mutational falsetto by the laryngologists, and treated by the voice therapist were selected as subjects. Their voices of pretherapy and posttherapy were analyzed on the aspects of acoustics and aerodynamics. Acoustic analysis was done by the MDVP(Multidimensional Voice Program) of CSL(Computerized Speech Lab, Kay Elemetrics, Co.), and aerodynamic analysis, by the Maximum Sustained Phonation of Aerophone II(Kay Elemetrics, Co.). By these measurements, we could find that fundamental frequency(F0) was significantly lowered, on the average, 65Hz. Maximum phonation time(MPT) was increased 4.57 second, and shimmer was decreased 1.644%, respectively, and each changes was statistically significant, too. On the average, jitter was decreased 0.499%, mean flow rate(MFR) was decreased 27.71ml/sec, and NHR was increased 0.023 which was the only parameter not showing improvement. But the changes of jitter, MFR and NHR were not statistically significant.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1996

Failure to change from the higher pitched voice of preadolescence to the lower pitched voice of adolescence and adulthood is called "mutational dysphonia" The voice is weak, thin, breathy, hoarse, and mono-pitched. If the voice theraphy was failed, surgery to lower vocal pitch which is refered to thyroplasty type III, is indicated. We compared the post-op acoustic parameters with pre-op data in unilateral antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid cartilage method and bilateral antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid cartilage method each other. Bilateral antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid cartilage method shows significant drop of fundamental frequency and speaking fundamental frequency statistically than unilateral shortening method. There was no significant differences in Jitter, Shimmer, SNR, MFR and other psychoacoustic analysiss parameters between two groups. These data shows that unequal tension of the vocal cord in uilateral antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid cartilage method does not control the pitch effectively so bilatreal shortening method in Type III thyroplasty is recommandable procedure in surgery of the mutational dysphonia.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 1997

The mutational falsetto is failure to change from the higher pitched voice of preadolescence to the lower pitched voice of adolescence and adulthood. The one of characteristic findings is contraction of suprahyoid muscles. The large majority of young men with inappropriately high voice have excellent voice therapy prognosis. We have experienced one case of mutational falsetto treated with botulinum toxin injection on suprahyoid muscles. His suprahyoid muscles are contracted markedly simultaneously with each phonation. fundamental frequency$(F_0)$ of his vowel phonation was 332Hz. Extensive voice therapy including manual compression of thyroid notch was ineffective. Forty units of Botox$^{\circledR}$ was injected under the EMG-guidance(20U bilaterally). At seven days post-injection, his voice changed lower than before and at 40 days after procedure, his $F_0$ was 126Hz.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2007

The structure changes of the vocal folds are related to the fundamental frequencies (F0). In other words, the increasing in vocal fold length and thickness makes the result of dropping in the F0 during the mutational period. The purpose of this study was to investigate F0 of normal children's voice in mutational period. 360 children (180 boys and 180 girls) were participated in this experiment. The age was ranged from 11 to 16 years. The subjects were asked to produce sustained comer vowels (/a/ /i/ /u/) five times each and the data were analyzed using the MDVP of CSL. The result shows that the F0 are considerably decreased with age and reach to adults' F0 by 16 years in most cases. In particular, the F0 of male subjects were rapidly decreased between the ages from 12 ($226.98\;{\pm}\;19\;Hz$) to 13 years ($169.3\;{\pm}\;25\;Hz$), while the F0 of female subjects were slowly changed from the later period of 12 to 16 years old. This result may be used by the meaning of guideline and lead the basic data to differentiate between normal voice and voice disorder.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

During adolescence the mutational period is characterized by the changes in the laryngeal structure, the length of the vocal cords, and a tone of voice. Usually, adolescents at 15 or 16 reach the voice of adults but the mutational period is sometimes delayed. Therefore, studies on the voice of adolescents between 16 ~ 18 right after the mutational period are required. Accordingly, this paper attempted to provide basic data about the normal standard for patients with voice disorders during this period by evaluating the vocal characteristics of males and females between 16 ~ 18 with an objective device bycomparing and analyzing them by sex and age. The study was conducted on a total of 60 subjects composed of each 10 subjects of each age. The vocal analysis was conducted by MPT (Maximum Phonation Time) measurement, sustained vowels and sentence reading. As for /a/ sustained vowels, fundamental frequency, hereinafter referred to as $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, hereinafter referred to as NHR were measured by using the Multi-dimensional voice program (MDVP) among the Multi-Speech program of Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics). The sentence reading, mean $F_0$, maximum $F_0$ and minimum $F_0$ were measured using the Real-Time Pitch (RTP) Model 5121 among the Multi-Speech program of Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics). As a result, according to sex, there were statistically significant differences in $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, mean $F_0$, maximum $F_0$, and minimum $F_0$; and according to age, there were statistically significant differences in MPT. In conclusion, the voice of the adolescents between 16 ~ 18 reached the maturity levels of adults but the voice quality which can be considered on the scale of voice disorders showed transition to the voice of an adult during the mutational period.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1997

The mutational effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transf erase (hprt) locus in human T-cell were analysed by T-cell clonal assay in vitro. Cells were exposed for 24 hours at primary culture to 0~100 ppm (W/V) PCP in dimethyl sulfoxide. Treated cells were allowed at the same time to stimulate by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and then seeded in medium containing 6-thioguanine to select for hprt-negative routants. We have also defined the optimal condition for the determination of mutant frequency. The parameters investigated include survival counting, first and second subculture for clonal efficiency plating and mutant plating. Under the optimal conditions, mutant frequencies of high dose-treated cells were significantly higher than those of non-treated or low dose cells. The results indicated a clear dose-effect relationship and showed that mutant frequency in 50 ppm PCP treated cell was 4.31$\times$$10^{-5}$ (background, 8.32$\times$$10^{-6}$). Above data strongly suggest that hprt mutation assay can be used as a biomarker for the environmental risk assessment.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1998

Transgenic animal and cell line models which are recently developed and used in toxicology fields combined with molecular biological technique, are powerful tools to study the mechanism of mutation in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Transgenic models, which have exogenous DNA incorporated into their genome, carry recoverable shuttle vector containing reporter genes to assess endogenous effects or alteration in specific genes related to disease processes. The lac I and lac Z gnee most widely used as a mutational target in transgenic systems. The assay is performed by treatment with putative mutagenic agents, isolation of genomic DNA from cells or tissues, exposure the isolated DNA to in vitro packaging extract, plating and sequencing. The results from these processes provide not only mutant frequency as quantitative evaluation but also mutational spectrum as qualitative evaluation of various agents. Therefore we introduce and review the principle, detailed procedure and application of transgenic mutagenesis assay system in toxicology fields especially in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7889-7892
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• 2015

Background: Primary idiopathic myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal Ph-chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by dysregulated kinase signaling and release of abnormal cytokines. In the recent past, following JAK2 V617F mutation invention, important revolution has been made in the molecular diagnostic biology of this disease. The rational of this study was to determine the mutational status of JAK2 V617F in Pakistan patients with PMF. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 20 patients with PMF were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2014. Diagnosis was based on WHO criteria for PMF. All patients were screened for G-T point mutation (V617F) in the JAK2 gene on chromosome 9 by allele specific PCR. Results: The mean age was $57.9{\pm}16.5years$. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The frequency of JAK2 V617F positivity in our PMF patients was found to be 55%. Positive correlations of JAK2 V617F mutation were established with high TLC count, raised LDH and marked splenomegaly (P<0.05). No correlation of JAK2 V617F could be established with age and gender (P>0.05). Conclusions: The JAK2 V617F mutation frequency in our PMF patients was similar to those reported previously. In our hands JAK2 V617F mutated patients expressed an aggressive disease phenotype. Screening for the mutation in all suspected PMF cases could be beneficial in differentiating patients with reactive and clonal marrow fibrosis.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 1994년도 제2회 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록집
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• pp.90-90
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• 1994

변성발성장애(Mutational dysphonia)는 원인이 확실히 밝혀져 있지는 않지만, 변성기에 성호르몬의 작용에 의한 정상적인 후두의 발육이 제대로 이루어지지 않아서 발생되는 것으로 추정되고 있다. 임상 양상은 대개 성인 남자임에도 불구하고 병적으로 음성의 기본주파수(fundamental frequency)가 높아서 여자 목소리에 가깝게 들린다는 것을 주 증상으로 하고 있으며, 이학적 검사상 성대의 움직임은 정상이나, 성대의 두께가 얇거나, 성대의 길이가 짧고 긴장도가 증가되어 있는 것 같이 보인다. 음성치료를 시도해 볼 수 있으며, Isshiki가 제 3형 갑상연골성형술로 효과적으로 치료될 수 있다고 보고한 이래, 다수의 보고자들에 의해 시도되어 왔다. (중략)