• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.131-131
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• 1998

In the course of screening for new natural compounds having antioxidant activity from microbials, mushrooms as well as plants. We have isolated novel sesquiterpenoid and officinalic acid from methanolic extracts of Stereum ostrea. The dried fruit body( 450 g) of Stereum ostrea was extracted with methanol, then methanolic extract was partitioned between water and hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, subsequently. The chloroform extract was subjected on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column chromatography, successively. And two compounds were isolated and identified as new triterpenoids and officinalic acid using $^1$H - NMR, $\^$13/C - NMR as well as Mass spectra.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.450-457
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• 2015

Medicinal mushrooms have been used worldwide to treat cancer and modulate the immune system. Over the last several years, there has been increasing interest in isolating bioactive compounds from medicinal mushrooms and evaluating their health beneficial effects. Fomes fomentarius is used in traditional oriental medicine and is known to possess antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor effects. In the present study, we isolated fomentariol from Fomes fomentarius and investigated its anti-inflammatory effect in murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. Fomentariol inhibited the production of nitric oxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species triggered by lipopolysaccharides. Interestingly, fomentariol differentially regulated cytokine production triggered by lipopolysaccharides. Fomentariol effectively suppressed the production of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ and interleukin-6 but not tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. The inhibitory effect of fomentariol against nitric oxide, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6 production was possibly mediated by downregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that fomentariol differentially modulated inflammatory responses triggered by lipopolysaccharides in macrophages and is one of the bioactive compounds that mediate the physiological effects of Fomes fomentarius.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to identify chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic extract of fruiting bodies of an artificially cultivated Hankyong Sanghwang mushroom, Phellinus linteus KACC 93057P (PLHS). The total phenolic content of 60% ethanolic extract of fruiting bodies of two-year-old PLHS grown on Oak wood logs was $19.05{\pm}0.32mg$ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, which was 4-10 times high compared to the other species of mushrooms. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbisthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of PLHS were 2-10 and 5 times higher, respectively, than those of the other species of mushrooms. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of 70% methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of PLHS revealed the presence of styrylpyrone-class compounds, davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B, and caffeic acid, a compound of the phenylpropanoid pathway.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.688-692
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• 1998

To detect naturally occuring antimutagenic substances from wild mushrooms in Korea, the screening for the antimutagenic compounds containing in ethanol and water extracts of 13 wild mushrooms toward benzo(a) pyrene (B(a)P) and $N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine\;(MNNG)$ using the Ames assay system with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were studied. The ethanol extracts of Polyporus dispansus, Cantharellus infundibuliformis, Agaricus subrutilescens, Daedalea dickinsii, Panaeolus papilionaceus and Hydnum repandum showed significantly antimutagenic activity toward B(a)P. The water extracts of Hydnum repandum showed the strong antimutagenic activity toward B(a)P in S. typhimurium TA100, however the water extracts of the mushrooms did not show antimutagenic activity. Whereas 5 out of 13 samples exhibited antimutagenicity toward a direct mutagen of MNNG. The water extracts from mushrooms also not showed antimutagenic activity. The antimutagenic effect increased with increasing concentraion of the ethanol extracts from Polyporus dispansus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 1991

From 1986 to 1990, the fifty-three sites (shiros) of the five places known as an areas of the pine-mushroom production in Kyoung Sang Do were visited, investigating the biology or ecology of pine-mushrooms. Physical or ecological characteristics of the areas producing pine-mush­rooms was similar to those reported in Japan, but not similar to in this regardings; The ages of pine trees, the understory plant flora of the places producing the pine-mushrooms and the soil types. The areas of pine-mushroom productions are divided to two typical areas, the inland and coastal areas. Ecological differences between two areas were found, The understory plant flora and different soil types. Three kinds of soil were, by the naked eyes, were found from our observa­tions of Kyoung Sang Do, but not based on soil analysis. The pine-mushrooms observed in Kyoung Sang Do were related to the root of the pine trees, but not confirmed to be ectomycorrhizally related to the pine trees. The mycelia isolated form the different places were compared with the degradation of phenolic compounds and culture methods, but were not clearly distinguished. The productions of pine-mushroom and several methods for the pine mushroom were suggested under four years' observations.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 2020

Meghalaya, (in India), in the region of the mega-biodiversity hotspots, is home to a plethora of wild mushrooms. The present study concerns the exploration of the order Agaricales, which includes rare gilled mushrooms considered endangered under IUCN A4c criteria, due to the declining habitat. Electron microscopy of the gill sections revealed an abundance of clamp connections, hyphal cell walls, cystidia, and basidia. This rare species which belongs to the family Cyphellaceae, exhibits morphological and molecular differences from the Cyphella spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it formed a clade under the genus Campanophyllum of the order Agaricales, confirmed by both Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Being nutritionally potent along with its efficient antioxidant value, the fungal extract shows significant rise of two-fold in the antimicrobial activity along with the commercial antibiotics. The compound, Phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-Dimethylethyl) (2, 4-DTBP) showed in ample range in the fungal extract along with aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpene, alcohol and volatile organic compounds on further characterization in GCMS. The present study indicates the endangered Campanophyllum proboscideum could be a rich source of natural antioxidants and an effective pharmaceutical agent.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mushroom consumption, rich in diverse nutrients and bioactive compounds, is suggested as a potential significant contributor to preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). This systematic review aimed to explore the association between mushrooms and cardiometabolic health outcomes, utilizing data from prospective cohort studies and clinical trials focusing on the general population, with mushrooms themselves as a major exposure. SUBJECTS/METHODS: All original articles, published in English until July 2023, were identified through searches on PubMed, Ovid-Embase, and google scholar. Of 1,328 studies, we finally selected 5 prospective cohort studies and 4 clinical trials. RESULTS: Existing research is limited, typically consisting of 1 to 2 studies for each CMD and cardiometabolic condition. Examination of articles revealed suggestive associations in some cardiometabolic conditions including blood glucose (both fasting and postprandial), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol related indices, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and obesity indices (body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference). However, mushroom consumption showed no association with the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, although there was a potentially beneficial connection with all cause-mortality, hyperuricemia, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Due to the scarcity of available studies, drawing definitive conclusions is premature. Further comprehensive investigations are needed to clarify the precise nature and extent of this relationship before making conclusive recommendations for the general population.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1769-1776
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• 2020

As part of our current work to discover structurally and/or biologically novel compounds from Korean wild mushrooms, we isolated five ergostane-type steroids (1-5) from the fruiting bodies of Xerula furfuracea via repeated column chromatographic separations and HPLC purification. The chemical structures of the isolated steroids were shown to be (22E,24R)-24-methylcholesta-4,22-diene-3,6-dione (1), ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (2), ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β,9α-tetraol (3), (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,9,22-triene-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5)based on comparison of the data regarding their spectroscopic and physical properties with those of previous studies. Notably, this is the first report on the presence of the identified steroids (1-5) in this mushroom. We tested compounds 1-5 to determine their effects on adipogenesis and osteogenesis in the mouse mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 and found that compounds 4 and 5 suppressed the differentiation of stem cells into adipocytes. Notably, in addition to its suppressive effect on adipogenesis, compound 5 was also shown to promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. These findings demonstrate that the bioactive compounds isolated might be effective for the treatment of menopause-associated syndromes, such as osteoporosis and obesity, as the isolated compounds were shown to suppress adipogenesis and/or promote osteogenesis of stem cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.606-612
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• 1988

The volatile flavor compounds of fresh and dried shiitake mushrooms(Lentinus edodes) were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction apparatus, and analyzed by combined GC and GC-MS, and effects of pH on the formation of volatile compounds in fresh shiitake mushroom were investigated. Of the 29 compounds identified from fresh shiitake mushroom, the main volatile compound was 1-octen-3-ol comprising about 74.7% of the total volatiles and that in dried shiitake mushroom was 1, 2, 4-trithiolane comprising about 66.3%. With the exception of above two compounds, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-one, 3-octanol, cis-2-octenal, n-octanol and cis-2-octenol as $C_8$ compounds were identified. Carbon disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 1-(methyl thio)-dimethyl disulfide, 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrathiane as sulfurous compounds were also identified. The formation of $C_8$ compounds in fresh shiitake mushroom during immersion was dominant in the range of pH 6.0 to 7.0, while the formation of sulfurous compounds in the range of pH 8.0 to 9.0.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Wound care has become increasingly important over the years. Various synthetic products for wound care treatment have been reported to cause toxic side effects and therefore natural products are in significant demand as they have minimal side effects. The presence of bioactive compounds in medicinal mushrooms contributes to various biological activities which assist in the early inflammatory phase, keratinocyte proliferation, and its migration enhancement which are pertinent to wound rehabilitation. Lignosus rhinocerus (tiger milk mushroom) can reduce the inflammation phase in wound healing by fighting off bacterial infection and modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in the early stage to avoid prolonged inflammation and tissue damage. The antibacterial, immunomodulating, and anti-inflammatory activities exhibited by most macrofungi play a key role in enhancing wound healing. Several antibacterial and antifungal compounds sourced from traditional botanicals/-products may prevent further complications and reoccurrence of injury to a wounded site. Scientific studies are actively underway to ascertain the potential use of macrofungi as a wound healing agent.