• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.254-259
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• 2007

During the ground fault conditions, the flow of current to earth will produce potential gradients within and arround a substation. The common physiological effects of electric current on the body, stated in order of increasing current magnitude, are threshold perception, muscular contraction, unconsciousness, fabrillation of the heart. In this study, determined the tolerable voltage about earth-layered structure in the grounding system.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 1991

Albendazole is a broad spectrum anthelmintics with high activity against intestinal nematodes as well as tremtodes and cestodes infections. But so far wormicidal effect of albendazole against Paragonimus westermani is uncertain. The present study undertaken to observe the morphological changes of Paragonimus westermani which was obtained from experimentally infected with metacercariae isolated from Cambaroides similis and 9 of them were given albendazole 2 doses of 25mg/kg daily for the 2 days and 4 days from the day of 20 weeks after infection. The Paragonimus werms were collected from the lung of the cats which were autopsied at 24 hours after treatment. The fine structures of the collected worms were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The findings of the observations were compared with those of untreated worms. The results are as follows : 1) In the scanning electron microscopic(SEM) observations, the worms obtained from 2 days treated group showed many blebs which were formed on the surface of damaged tegument in between two suckers. Protrusion of oral sucker typically observed and surrounding tegumental ridges were damaged. 2) The worms obtained from 4 days treated group showed marked contraction revealing half size of normal worms. 3) The transmission electronmicroscopic(TEM) observations indicated that large blebs of irregular shapes were formed by the destruction of tegumental ridge of tegumental syncytium and also showed degeneration of mitochondriae. 4) Destruction of tegumental syncytium formation of blebs were usually observed in the ventral side of the worms. 5) Differentiation of tegumental layer and basement layer muscular layer and parenchymal layer around two suckers of worms obtained at 4 days treated group was difficult. 6) Many host cells invaded and destroyed the degenerated tegument by the occurrence of blebs or the exposed muscular layer of the worm after exfoliation of the tegument.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.711-714
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• 2007

Phlegmonous esophagitis is a disorder in which bacterial infection occurs in the submucosal and muscular layers of the esophagus. This malady is very rare and it is usually associated with high mortality. A 69-year-old male was admitted with chest pain and fever he'd experienced for 7 days. The chest computerized tomography scan revealed mediastinal widening, circumferential esophageal thickening, an air shadow along the esophagus and right pleural effusion. Drainage and debridement of the mediastinum and primary repair of the perforated esophageal muscular layer through a right thoracotomy was done immediately. Further surgical treatment was not performed. He had a good oral intake without dysphagia or esophageal leakage at discharge.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.463-468
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• 2003

This study observed change of survival rate, activity and foot structure of the equilateral venus (Gomphina veneriformis) exposed to cadmium. Survival rate and activity of the clam exposed to cadmium was reduced with increase of exposure duration and concentration. Change of survival rate and activity was observed in the early exposure time (7 days) in the condition of above 1 77 mg/L and 0.88 mg/L, respectively. Activity reduction of the clam exposed to cadmium seems to be caused by epidermal layer deformation, muscle fiber fragmentation and muscular layer collapse of the foot.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.5
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• 2021

A 12-year-old, castrated male, mixed dog presented with a history of gradual abdominal distention for a year and anorexia recently, with abdominal radiographs showing a gastric pylorus distention. A solitary, pedunculated, heterogeneous mass arising from the mucosal layer in the pylorus with intact wall layers was identified during ultrasound and computed tomography. The gastric muscular layer was evenly thick. After surgical excision of the mass, histological examination confirmed hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with polypoid growth and Helicobacter spp. infiltrating the gastric mucosal epithelium. This is the first reported diagnostic imaging case of hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with Helicobacter spp. in a dog.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2008

This study was conducted to find out biological responses of bivalves exposed to organotin compound.The results of the study confirmed that tribultyltin chloride (TBTCl) induce reduction of survival rate andburrowing activity, and histopathological feature in the foot structure of the equilateral venus, Gomphinaveneriformis. The experimental period was 36 weeks. The experimental groups consisted of a control and 3TBTCl exposure groups (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 ym TBTCl L'). The survival rate and burrowing activity were record-ed daily. For histological analysis, foot tissues were fixed in Bouin' s fluid and then stained H-E stain, AB-PAS (PH 2.5) reaction and Masson's trichrome stain after having serially sectioned the tissue by paraffinmethod at thickness of 4-6 ym. The survival rate was not significantly different between the control andexposure groups for 20 weeks, but in 0.8 Um TBTCl L', it was on the decreased ever since the exposure. Theburrowing activity was not significantly different in the exposure group compared to the control up to 12weeks, but in 0.6 and 0.8 ym TBTCl L', it measured the lowest level after 20 weeks. The foot is composedof the epidermal layer, connective tissue, and muscular layer. The epidermal layer is composed of simplecolumnar, cuboidal epithelia and mucous cells. The cilia were well developed on the apical surface ofepithelium, Circular, longitudinal and transverse muscle bundle were well developed in the muscular layer.The majority mucous cells showed blue color (542c) when it subjected to AB-PAS (PH 2.5) reaction. Nohistopathological alterations in the foot were observed up to 12 weeks. After 20 weeks of exposure to 0.8 (anTBTCl L'', the foot samples of exposed G. veneriformis showed disappearance of cilia and striated borderpartially and extension of hemolymph sinus. The mucous cell increased in the marginal of foot. At 28-weekof exposure to 0.4 ym TBTCl L', it observed weekly acid (564c), neutral (264c) and mixed mucous cell. At36-week of exposure to 0.6 ym TBTCl L', it showed fragmentation of the muscle and collagen fiber bundle,and also diappearance of cilia on epithelia and edema of epithelium in 0.8 ym TBTCl L''.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 1999

The influence of eating habits and food type on the ultrastructural characteristics of the digestive tracts was studied under the scanning and transmission electron microscopes in two crustacean decapods (Hemigrapsus penicillatus De Haan; mud crab, Pinnotheres cyclinus Shen; symbiotic crab). The relative ratio of the length of midgut versus hindgut was 1:1 in the mud crab, but 4:1 in the symbiotic crab. Observation through the scanning electron microscope revealed that the midguts of both species have densely-arranged longitudinal mucosal folds with a smooth surface. In the hindgut of the mud crab, mucosal folds were longitudinally oriented, clusters of two to five spines were observed on the cuticular surface, and the length of the spine in the distal hindgut was longer than that in the proximal portion. In the symbiotic crab, the mucosal folds were irregulary arranged, and numerous rudimentary spinal structures were noted on the cuticular surface. Through observation of a transmission electron microscope, the epithelial cells of the midgut in both species had numerous microvilli, but the length of the microvilli was slightly longer in the mud crab than in the symbiotic crab. The central layer of the basement membrane and the muscular layer of the midgut were more developed in the mud crab than in the symbiotic crab. The thickness of the cuticular layer over the hindgut surface in the mud crab was about 4 times than that of the symbiotic crab.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 1990

In order to know the morphological characteristics and changes according to the developmental stage, the comparative observations have been studied by light and electron microscope on the midgut(gastric caecum, stomach) of the grasshopper(Oxya sinuosa Mistshenko). The results obtained are summarized as follow : In light microscopic level, the cuboidal shaped cells of the gastric caecum in the 5th instar nymph are differentiated the columnar epithelium in the adult. A number of pigment granules are appeared in the gastric caecum of the 5th instar nymph, however the pigment granules were absent in the adult. Indistinct or undifferentiated folds of the epithelial layer were appeared in the 5th instar nymph, whereas the well-developed folds were appeared the gastric caecum in the adult. The well-developed muscular layers are seen in the 5th instar numph, however in the adult the muscular layers are appeared thin or a few layers. In electron microscopic level, in the midgut epithelium, a number of well-developed rER, a few lipid droplets, multi vesicular bodies, small vesicles and glycogen granules were found. Two types of the pigment granules in the gastric caecum of the 5th instar nymph were appeared, whereas the whorl-membrane, a few secretory granules and one type of the gastro-entero-endocrine cell were found in the adult midgut. The light and dark cells could be distinguished in the stomach epithelim of the 5th instar nymph.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2007

Backgrounds: To overcome limited amount of autogenous mucosa for the reconstruction of various mucosal defect including oral mucosal defect, tissue engineered mucosa has been recently introduced. However, introduced conventional technique of tissue engineered mucosa still have serious pitfalls such as long fabrication time, fragility of the reconstructed mucosa, and complexity of the technique. Aim of the study: To examine whether the complex of preconfluent autologous keratinocytes and autologous PRP(Platelet rich plasma) can reconstruct oral mucosa on the muscular flap with easier and faster way compared to conventional mucosal tissue engineering technique. Materials and methods: One day before the operation, oral mucosa(3mm in diameter) were taken and treated for extraction of oral keratinocytes according to the routine manner. The day of operation, oral keratinocytes were prepared in the laboratory and then moved to the operating theater. Autologous PRP was also prepared and then mixed with oral keratinocytes just before grafting on the prepared muscular flap. After keratinocyte-PRP complex was seated, then a sterilized rubber sheet was placed on the graft and the elevated skin flap was replaced and sutured. Biopsies were proceeded at 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days. Tissue samples were evaluated clinically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. Results: All of the oral keratinocyte-PRP complexes were successfully grafted on the recipient sites(100%). On 3 days after the operation, 1-2 continuous epithelial layer and many inflammatory cells were observed. On 5 days after the operation, increase of layers of keratinocyte was observed with less inflammatory response. Thickness of the layers was gradually increased from 7 to 21 days after the operation. Cytokeratin confirms epithelium in every specimen. Conclusions: Preconfluent graft of autogenous oral keratinocytes mixed with autogenous PRP have successfully reconstructed myo-mucosal flap. This technique could be a useful alternative for oral mucosal reconstruction in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.421-433
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate, first of all, it is necessary to understand the developmental mechanisms of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins in the tissues of cleft lip and palate. We have performed immunohistochemical studies on human cleft lip and palate tissues to elucidate the pathogenetic implications of cleft lip and palate. 16 specimens from postnatal human cleft lip and palate subjects and 17 specimens from autopsy of prenatal human cleft lip and palate were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin. The sections were routinely stained by hematoxylin and eosin, also stained by PAS, and followed by immunohistochemical stainings using the antiseras of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins such as PCNA, S-100, c-erb-B2, MMP-3, MMP-10, HSP-70, transglutaninase-C, E-cadherin, VEGF, vWF. Both the prenatal and postnatal specimens of cleft lip and palate showed dysplastic proliferation of the basal cell layer, increased infiltration of melanocytes into mucosal epithelium, sebaceous gland hyperplasia ingrowing into the muscular tissue of lip and palate, and fatty infiltration into the submucosal deep connective tissue. The strong reactions of MMP-3 and HSP-70 were detected in the tissues of cleft lip and palate, especially increased in degenerating muscle bundles, while the immunostainings of PCNA and c-erb-B2 were weakly positive in the tissues of cleft lip and palate. These data suggest that the retrogressive tissue degeneration around the cleft areas persistently exist during the prenatal and postnatal period after cleft formation, and the sebaceous gland hyperplasia and fatty infiltration with the intense expression of MMP-3 and HSP-70 is closely related to the muscular degeneration around the cleft area.