• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the performance, carcass traits, serum lipid profile and immune competence in commercial broilers (2 to 42 d of age) fed graded levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of finger millet (FM) (Elusine coracana) in place (w/w) of yellow maize (YM). Each diet was fed to eight replicates (five female Vencobb broilers/replicate) housed in stainless steel battery brooders. The estimated metabolizable energy content of FM was about 540 kcal less than the YM. FM contained more protein (10.42 vs. 9.05%) and fibre (9.52 vs. 2.24%) compared to YM. Body weight gain, ready to cook yield, relative weights of giblet, liver, intestine and length of intestine at 42 d of age was not affected due to replacing YM with FM. But, the feed efficiency decreased in broilers fed diets containing 75 and 100% FM in place of YM at both 21 and 42 d of age. The amount of fat deposited in abdominal area decreased and the relative weight of gizzard increased with increase in level of FM in the diet. The serum HDL cholesterol at 21 and 42 d of age and serum triglycerides at 42 d of age decreased with increase in level of FM in diet. The relative weight of spleen and antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 5 d post inoculation (PI) decreased in broilers fed FM at 100% of YM. However, the relative weight of bursa, SRBC titers at 10 d PI, antibody titers against ND virus and mortality were not affected due to incorporation of FM in place of YM in diet. The fat content in thigh muscle and liver decreased, while the protein content in these tissues increased with increase in the level of FM in broiler diet. Based on the results, it may be concluded that YM can be replaced with FM up to 25% on weight basis without affecting weight gain, carcass yields and immunity in commercial broiler diet (up to 42 d of age). Further, inclusion of finger millet reduced the fat deposition in thigh muscle, liver and in abdominal area compared to those fed maize as the principal source of energy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1134-1142
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• 2008

Cationic amino acid transporter $b^{0,+}AT$ (HGMW-approved gene symbol SLC7A9, solute carrier family 7, member 9) plays a crucial role in amino acid nutrition. In the present study, we describe the cloning and sequencing of porcine $b^{0,+}AT$. Based on the sequence of porcine $b^{0,+}AT$ deposited in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnological Information), we identified a putative porcine homologue. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), the full-length cDNA encoding porcine $b^{0,+}AT$ was isolated. The porcine $b^{0,+}AT$ cDNA was 1,680 bp long, encoding a 487 amino acid trans-membrane protein. The predicted amino acid sequence was found to have 88.9% and 87.1% identity with human and mouse $b^{0,+}AT$, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR indicated porcine $b^{0,+}AT$ transcripts expressed in heart, kidney, muscle and small intestine. The small intestine had the highest $b^{0,+}AT$ mRNA abundance while the muscle had the lowest (p<0.05). Along the longitudinal axis, the ileum had the highest $b^{0,+}AT$ mRNA abundance while the colon had the lowest (p<0.05). The $b^{0,+}AT$ mRNA level was highest on day 7 and 90 in the duodenum (p<0.05). It increased from day 1 to day 26 in the jejunum (p>0.05) and had the highest abundance on day 60 (p<0.05). There was, however, no difference between day 1, 7, 26, 30, 90 and 150 (p>0.05). The strongest $b^{0,+}AT$ expression appeared on day 7 in the ileum before weaning, and then decreased till day 30 but rose gradually again from day 60 to 150 (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2012

Objectives : Meridian sinew theory was introduced in Miraculous Pivot, Huangdi's Internal Classic, to explain in relation with locations of meridian sinews, causes, mechanisms, and treatment of diseases. The meridian sinews are understood to include muscles, tendons and ligaments, or muscles in the superficial body made up with muscles, ligaments, tendons, fascia etc. This theory shows the similarity or organic relationship between the meridian sinews and muscles. From the Hippocrates(460-385 BC) ages, traction therapy was used as a treatment method on muscular diseases such as low back pain, scoliosis, etc in western medicine. The effects of traction therapy, however, were unclear so that this study was purposed to illustrate the effectiveness of continuous traction therapy and to develop meridian sinews treatment. Methods : We made 2 hypotheses to explain the cause of scoliosis occurrence, muscles contraction and relaxation. As the hypothesis, we made the spinal model having 3 joints with wood and rubber bands. Each of the three joints in the spinal model represents the case of normal(NT; control), contraction(AT 1)and relaxation(AT 2) condition, and distance between the vertebrae joints was measured. Results : Under normal circumstance models, the normal type 1(NT 1; muscle relax state) and normal type 2(NT 2; muscle contract state) all joints were being towed equally. But in an unusual contracted situation, regardless of the relationship of joint area, contracted part of joint was not released. And in a relaxed situation, regardless of joint areas, released parts of joint were further released. These observation results mean that the effects of traction might be different from the purpose of traction therapy of Hippocrates. Conclusions : To explain the effect of traction therapy for scoliosis, the spinal cord model and scoliosis model were made. After vertebral bodies were pulled with different tensile forces, we compared the observed length of the each joints pulled. The results suggested that there were no effects of traction in objected parts with traction method from Hippocrates' design, continuous traction method. Moreover, it may worsen the symptom in worst case. Of course, our results are just the result of experimental models and clinical results may be different. More careful studies, therefore, are required.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2020

본 연구는 노인을 대상으로 상·하지 근력과 보행을 측정한 후 연령에 따른 차이와 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 2019년 6월~7월 사이 65세에서 85세 사이의 남녀 노인 107명이 측정을 끝까지 마쳤으며 기록된 근력(악력, 발가락력, 중둔근력, 대둔근력)과 보행 특성(보속, 보빈도, 보폭, 외발지지기, 양발지지기)으로 통계 분석을 실시하였다. 상·하지 근력은 악력기, 도수근력측정기, 발가락지력기로 측정하였고 관성센서 기반 보행 측정 신발 시스템으로 보행 자료를 획득하였다. 전기 노인(65~74세)과 후기 노인(75~85세) 사이에 근력과 보행 특성은 차이가 없었다. 전·후기 노인에서 악력, 발가락력, 중둔근력, 대둔근력이 일부 보행 특성과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.05). 중둔근력과 대둔근력이 두 연령대에서 보행 특성과 유의한 상관관계를 악력이나 발가락력보다 많이 보였다. 보속과 악력의 회귀계수는 전·후기 노인 간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 전기 노인보다 후기 노인에서 근력 요인들이 보행 특성을 더 잘 설명하였다. 또한, 악력은 노인 체력를 손쉽게 측정할 수 있는 변인이지만 보속을 포함한 보행 특성을 설명하는데 중둔근력과 대둔근력이 더 유용할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.517-528
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the circumference, skinfold thickness and strength of the normal and casted lower limb prior to casting and following removal of the cast. The subjects for the study were nine orthopedic patients who had had long and short leg casts due to a tibial, fibula, or calcaneus fracture, or to a lateral collateral ligament rupture. Circumference, skinfold thickness, and strength of the normal and casted lower limb following removal of the cast were compared with those prior to the application of the cast. Measurements were made before cast application and after removal of the cast. Skinfold thickness was measured by fat caliper, circumference was measured by tape and strength was determined by measuring the length of time the leg was held elevated at 45$^{\circ}$. The results can be summarized as follows 1. There was no change in the normal limb in the circumference of the midthigh and midcalf after casting as compared to before cast application. 2. In the casted limb the circumference of the midthigh decreased by 3.23% and that of the midcalf decreased significantly by 7.49% during the period of casting. 3. In the normal limb skinfold thickness of the quadriceps decreased and that of gastrocnemius increased by 20.63% during the period of cast application. 4. In the casted limb skinfold thickness of the quadriceps decreased significantly by 12.37% and that of gastrocnemius decreased by 10% during the period of cast application. 5. Strength of the normal lower extremity decreased significantly by 48.37% and that of casted lower extremity decreased remarkably by 73.07% during the period of cast application. 6. Circumference of the midthigh and the midcalf decreased significantly by 7.6% and 9.4% respectively on the casted side as compared to the normal side. Skinfold thickness of the quadriceps and the gastrocnemius on the casted side decreased by 6.12% and 18.55% respectively as compared to the normal side and strength in the lower extremity on the casted side decreased significantly by 44.32% as compared to the nor-mal side. From these results, it may be concluded that muscle atrophy occurs in the casted lower limb and muscle strength of the normal lower limb are also reduced during the period of application of a leg cast.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

도압 후 오리 가슴육의 발골시간과 취급방법이 육질에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 처리구 간의 pH는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 냉동해동 처리구가 냉도체 발골구에 비해 높은 명도($L^*$)와 황색도($b^*$)를 나타내었을 뿐만 아니라 짧은 근절길이와 높은 가열감량을 보였고, 그 결과 높은 전단가를 나타내었다. 이 같은 결과는 냉동해동 처리구의 근원섬유 단백질 용해성이 낮은 것과 관련이 있었으며, 낮은 용해성은 nebulin과 같은 고분자 단백질이 사후초기에 냉동에 의해 분해되지 않은 결과로 사료된다. 따라서 오리고기는 도압 후곧바로 발골하여 냉동 또는 냉장 유통하는 것보다 냉도체 발골하여 냉장 유통하는 것이 육질향상을 위해 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 넙치 (평균체장 및 무게: $20{\pm}2.0cm$, $70{\pm}5.0g$)에 옥시테트라사이클린(oxytetracycline, OTC)-네오마이신(neomycin, N) 복합제를 25-10 ppm 및 50-20 ppm으로 용해하여 2일 동안, 3시간씩 약욕을 실시하였고, 약물투여 중지 후 1일, 5일, 14일, 40일째에 시험군별로 각각 5마리씩 넙치의 근육을 채취하여 항생제 잔류농도를 조사하였다. OTC와 N 표준용액을 농도별로 희석하여 표준곡선을 작성한 결과 각각 $R^2=0.9999$, $R^2=0.9952$로 양호한 직선성을 나타내었고, OTC와 N 회수율은 각각 90~93%, 88~95%가 관찰되었다. 잔류농도에 대한 측정결과, OTC와 N 복합제를 25-10 ppm 투여한 시험군에서 1일째 OTC는 $0.97{\pm}0.084{\mu}g/ml$이 검출되었고, N은 $0.118{\pm}0.079{\mu}g/ml$이 검출되었으나 5일째 이후부터 검출이 되지 않았다. OTC와 N 복합제를 50-20 ppm 투여한 시험군에서 1일째 OTC는 $1.324{\pm}0.062{\mu}g/ml$이 검출되었고 N은 $0.788{\pm}0.05{\mu}g/ml$이 검출되었으나 5일째 이후부터 검출이 되지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1224-1232
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• 2020

Objective: The QingYu pig is well known for its excellent meat quality attributes in Sichuan province, China. In order to improve its production efficiency, the determination of genetic factors contributing to quantifiable economic traits of livestock is important. Moreover, the cross-breeding of QingYu pigs with western breeds possessing strong growth attributes is an efficient way to improve the performance of this breed. Methods: Here, the genetic parameters of several important reproductive traits of QingYu pigs were estimated, include total number born (TNB), number born alive, litter birth weight, individual birth weight, number of piglets weaned, litter weaning weight, and individual weaning weight. The data was analyzed using the ASReml 3.0 software (NSW Inc., Sydney, Australia). Furthermore, the effects of crossing Berkshire with QingYu (BQ) pigs on carcass and meat quality traits, as well as the effects of slaughter weight on carcass and meat quality of BQ were characterized. Results: QingYu pigs exhibited superior reproductive traits. The TNB available to QingYu pigs was more than 8 per parity. The observed repeatability of the reproductive traits of the QingYu pigs was between 0.10 and 0.23. The significantly correlated genetic and phenotypic of reproduction traits were consistent. Interestingly, the BQ pigs exhibited improved carcass quality, with a significant increase in loin muscle area, lean percentage and reduction in sebum percentage. As a result, BQ had higher L_45min, lower cooking scores, and lower drip loss. In addition, the loin muscle area, body length, and sebum percentage were significantly higher in 90 and 100 kg animals. Cooking loss showed a significant increase at 80 kg, and marbling increased significantly from 90 kg. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that QingYu pigs exhibit excellent reproductive properties and heritability of these traits. Crossing with Berkshire is an efficient strategy to improve the carcass and meat quality of QingYu pigs for commercial operations. Furthermore, it appears as though the optimal slaughter weight of BQ pigs is at approximately 90 kg.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.424-430
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• 2002

징거미새우의 수정관은 정소의 중앙 후반부에서 기원되어 제 5보각의 기부에 위치한 생식공까지 연결되어 있고 그 형태에 따라 짧고 가느다란 기부, 나선부, 직선상의 말단부 그리고 사정관 4부분으로 구분할 수 있다. 수정관 기부의 내강은 높이가 $12{\~}28{\mu}m$의 SCE가 랴은 기저막으로 둘러싸여 있다. 그리고 일부에 높은 HCE도 관찰된다. 나선부와 말단부의 내강은 배면으로는 $40\~120{\mu}m$ 높이의 높은 HCE가 그리고 복면과 측면에는 $12\~28{\mu}m$ 범위의 SCE로 구성되어 있다. 수정관의 사정관에는 종주근과 환상근으로 이루어진 근세포들로 둘러싸여 있고 2종류의 상피세포는 거의 비슷한 비율로 이루어져 있다. 한편, 기부의 내강에는 성숙정자와 호염기성 기질만 관찰되는 반면, 나선부부터는 SCE주변으로 호 산성 기질이 함께 나타난다. 사정관내에 저장되어 있던 정자덩어리와 정자를 싸고있는 물질이 양쪽의 생식공으로부터 한 쌍의 관형태의 정포로 되어 교미 직후의 암컷의 $2\~4 $또는 5번째 보각의 복판에 부착된다. 정포는 그 길이가 $2.7\~4.0mm$, 폭이 $1.5\~2.7mrn$ 정도의 크기였다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1997

단백질원을 달리하여 자체 제조한 실험 사료 K 하(1)과 K 하(2)를 평가하기 위해 국내 양식 현장에서 많이 이용되고 있는 일본산 D사와 H사 제품(D 와 H 사료)을 공급했을 때 자, 치어의 체장, 체중, 그리고 어체의 일반 조성과 지방산 조성 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 주 단백질원으로 실험 미립자 사료 K 하(1)은 넙치 근육, 혈분, 오징어 분말, 클로렐라 분말, 효모 등을, K 하(2)는 계란 단백, 크릴분, 바지락분, 오징어분, 생효모, 효모 추출물, 카제인 등을 사용하여 제조하였다. 부화 후 40일째까지는 체중, 체장 그리고 생존율에 있어 실험구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 부화 후 83일째의 생존율에 있어서는 D 사료구가 K 하(2) 사료구보다는 유의적으로 높았지만, H와 K 하(1) 사료구와는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 체중에 있어서는 D 사료가 K 하(1) 사료와 K 하(2) 사료보다 유의적으로 높았지만 H 사료와는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 체장과 비만도(Condition factor)에 있어서는 부화 후 83일째에 실험사료구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이와같은 결과는 넙치 자, 치어용 국산 미립자 사료 개발에 대한 가능성을 보여주고 있다.