• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.991-995
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of unripened fruits and ripened fruits of Rubus coreanus Miquel on murine peritoneal macrophages. The 70% ethyl alcohol extracts (20 or 100 mg/kg) of unripened fruits (RCE-I) and of ripened fruits (RCE-II) were administered p.o. once a day for 7 days to mice. RCE-I and RCE-II decreased the phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages and the production of nitric oxide. Also, RCE-I and RCE-II increased the production of tumor necrosis factor- a from peritoneal macrophages. In general, the immuno-suppressive action of RCE-I on macrophages was more potent than those of RCE-II. These results suggest that the fruits of Rubus coreanus Miquel regulates the non-specific immune response via decrease of phagocytic activity and increase of production of tumor necrosis factor- a from murine peritoneal macrophages.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 1999

Possible antiinflammatory effect of eudesmin were examined by assessing the effects on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ production and lymphocyte proliferation as well as cytotoxicity against murine and human macrophages. the compound significantly inhibited TNF-$\alpha$, production by lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 without displaying cytotoxicity suggesting that eudesmin may inhibit TNF-$\alpha$ production without any interference of normal cell function. It also significantly attenuated T cell proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) in a dose-dependent manner.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1995

Three kinds of mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which have molecular weights of 35 kDa, 45 kDa, and 18 kDa on SDS-PAGE, were partially purified from serum-free culture supernatants of mouse peritoneal macrophages induced with lipopolysaccharide. Analysis of the native molecular weights by gel filtration indicated that the 18 kDa and 45 kDa TNFs aggregate into 50 kDa and 100 kDa molecules, respectively, while the 35 kDa TNF is contained in high molecular weight aggregates of approximately 200 kDa. The three kinds of cytotoxic factors all elicited tumor reducing responses.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1020-1024
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Kamidaebo-tang water extract (KDT) on murine peritoneal macrophages. KDT (50 or 250 mg/kg) was administerd p.o. once a day for 7 days to mice. KDT increased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide from murine peritoneal macrophages, but decreased the production of interleukin-1β. Also, KDT enhanced the production of lucigenin chemiluminescence from peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that KDT enhances the non-specific immune response via increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide and phagocytic activity from peritoneal macrophages.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.227-236
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• 1996

The effect of Ligustrum Lucidum(LL) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by murine peritoneal macrophages were investigated. Stimulation of the cells with LL in the presence or absence of interferon-r(IFN-r) resulted in the increased accumulation of nitrite in the medium. To further examine the mechanism of LL induced. NO Synthesis, we evaluated the secretion of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ by LL in murine macrophages. Treatment of LL increased the secretion of bioactive $TNF-{\alpha}$ in cultured medium. In addition, LL induced NO production was decreased by the treatment of anti-murine $TNF-{\alpha}$. neutralizing antibodies, indicating that LL induced superoxide production was decreased by the treatment of anti-murine $TNF-{\alpha}$ neutralizing antibodies. These data suggested that LL induced superoxide production was related to $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion. In conclusion, our results indicates that LL may enhance innate immune response and be applied as a immunoregulating drug improving phagocytosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.275-279
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• 2011

In order to validate the use of Saussurea Lappa as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, I have investigated the effects of water-soluble extract of Saussurea Lappa (ESL) on the production of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The extract inhibited dose-dependently TNF-${\alpha}$ production without its cytotoxic effect on the macrophages, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and significantly decreased mRNA levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, as determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The extract also inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$, thereby resulting in TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression. These results suggest that ESL may have therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory diseases mediated by activated macrophages.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.171.3-172
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• 2001

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2000

High soy consumption leading to high exposures of soy isoflavones has been associated with a reduced risk of cancers at many sites. As part of a study focusing on the chemopreventive mechanisms, we have investigated the modulating effects of daidzein and genistein, a prominent and more bioavailable isoflavone in soy foods, on murine immune function. Daidzein (50 mg/kg) or genistein (50 mg/kg) was administered p.o. once a day for 7 days in BALB/c mice. Daidzein decreased the mitogen-stimulated proliferation of murine splenocyte, but genistein increased it. Daidzein stimulated the secretion of interleukin-4, but inhibited the secretion of ${\gamma}$-interferon, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$. Genistein stimulated the secretion of ${\gamma}$-interferon, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$, but inhibited the secretion of interleukin-4. Daidzein and geiustein inhibited the production of nitric oxide and enhanced the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophage. These results suggest that cancer preventive effects of daidzein is partly concerned with the secretion of $T_{H}$2 cells cytokine and the activation of macrophage phagocytosis, and genistein is partly concerned with the secretion of $T_{H}$l cells cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and the activation of macrophage phagocytosis.sis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.177-177
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• 1996

Taurine Chloramine (Tau-Cl) inhibits production of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in activated peritoneal macrophages, similar In that previously reported for activated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the effect of Tau-Cl and taurine on superoxide anion (O$\_$2/$\^$-/) Production in murine peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was examined. Tau-Cl inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production in a manner that was dose-dependent and reversible, Taurine also inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production by stimulated PMN, but at higher concentrations and to a lesser extent than Tau-Cl. The effects of taurine on O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production was attributed to the in vitro formation of Tau-Cl catalyzed by PMN associated halide-dependent myeloperoxidase. In contrast, production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ by activated peritoneal exudate macrophages was inhibited by Tau-Cl while taurine was without effect. These data lend support to the notion that Tau-Cl may participate ill the inflammatory responses by modulating production of inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2001

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection, is clinically and histopathologically characterized by local as well as systemic inflammatory reactions, indicating that orientiae induce mechanisms that amplify the inflammatory response. To reveal underlying mechanisms of chemoattraction and activation of responding leukocytes, expression of chemokine and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) genes in murine peritoneal macrophages after infection with the obligate intracellular bacterium Ο.tsutsugamushi was investigated. The genes that were unregulated included macrophage inflammatory proteins l$\alpha$/$\beta$(MIP-l$\alpha$/$\beta$), MIP-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1), RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), gamma-interferon-inducible protein 10(IP-10) and TNF-$\alpha$. Peak expression of these chemokines and TNF-$\alpha$ was observed between 1 and 3 h after infection. These responses returned to or approached baseline preinfection levels 6 h after challenge. Semiquantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed dramatic Increases during infection in the steady-state levels of mRNA ceding for the inhibitory subunit of NF-kB (IkB$\alpha$), whose transcription is enhanced by binding of NF-kB within the IkB$\alpha$promoter region. Thus, Ο. tsutsugamushi appears to be a stung inducer of chemokines and TNF-$\alpha$ which may significantly contribute to inflammation and tissue damage observed in scrub typhus by attracting and activating phagocytic leukocytes.