• Water for future
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 1995

This study aims at suggesting an alternative to improve current capacity of flood control for the existing Soyanggang multi-purpose dam which was constructed 20 years ago as a largest dam in Korea. The newly estimated value of the probable maximum precipitation(PMP) is 760.0 mm which is based on the hydrometeorological method. The peak inflow of 1000 years return period at the time of construction was 13,500$m^3$/s. However, the newly estimated peak inflow of the PMF is 18,100$m^3$/s which is 1.34 times bigger than the original one. In order to adopt the newly estimated PMF as a design flood, following four alternatives were compared; (1) allocation of more flood control space by lowering the normal high water level, (2) construction of a new spillway in addition to the existing one, (3) raising the existing dam crest, (4) construction of a new dam which has relevant flood control storage at the upstream of the Soyanggang multipurpose dam. The preliminary evaluation of these alternatives resulted in that the second alternative is most economical and feasible. So as to stably cope with the newly estimated PMF by meeting all the current functions of the multi-purpose dam, a detailed study of an additional spillway tunnel has to be followed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2006

This study estimates adequate discharge to meet the specified target water quality concentration using the pollutant load of the Geum river basin given in TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) report. During the 1st phase, BOD is chosen as a target water quality constituent under regulation of the Ministry of Environment in Korea. BOD, TN, and TP loads estimated based on the TMDL and provincial zones were re-distributed for 10 major tributaries, and the remaining areas along the main river are classified as 15 incremental flow areas. Water quality modeling was conducted using Qual2E for the low flow period of a year (i.e. $March{\sim}April$). The results of the model simulation showed that about 30 cms from the Daechung dam would be sufficient to satisfy the target water quality in the Geum river downstream of the Daechung multipurpose Dam.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.575-582
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• 2008

다목적댐의 레크레이션 편익은 수자원 관리 측면에서 매우 중요한 요소이다. 그러나, 레크레이션 편익의 중요성에도 불구하고 이에 대한 충분한 고려없이 댐의 관리와 다목적댐에 대한 평가가 이루어진 결과 경쟁적인 물의 용도간 부적정한 유량배분의 결과를 초래하고 있었다. 최근 비록 시범적이지만 하천의 환경개선을 위해 다목적댐의 flusing 방류가 이루어지고 잇는 점도 댐의 기능이 점차 확장되어 가고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 다목적댐의 레크레이션 편익에 대한 인식은 효율적인 수자원 관리뿐만 아니라 레크레이션 이외의 다목적댐의 다른 용도의 진실된 가치 및 효율성을 확보하기 위해 어떻게 효율적으로 시간의 흐름에 따라 다목적댐의 저수(貯水)가 방류되어야 하는지에 대한 이해로 연결된다. 다목적댐의 레크레이션 편익 측정은 댐의 역할에 대한 진정한 평가가 될 수 있으며 그동안 간과되어 왔던 댐 건설로 인해 가능하게 된 레크레이션 기회를 가치화하는 시도가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 조건부가치측정법(Contingent Valuation Method, CVM)을 이용하여 서울과 춘천지역을 대상으로 표본에 대한 설문조사와 함께 집중그룹인터뷰(Focus Group Interview, FGI)를 통해 소양강댐의 레크레이션 편익을 측정하였다. 서울은 소양강댐의 하류지역에 위치하면서 일반적으로 소양강댐의 건설로 인해 가장 큰 혜택을 누리는 지역이며 춘천지역은 소양강댐의 주변지역으로 소양강댐의 건설로 인해 가장 많은 피해를 입는 지역으로 여겨지고 있어 양 지역에서 느끼는 소양강댐에 대한 인식은 매우 독특할 것이라는 기대와 함께 댐으로 인한 레크레이션은 댐 저수지뿐만 아니라 댐 하류 하천 전체에 걸쳐 이루어지기 때문에 댐 저수지 지역인 춘천과 댐 하류지역인 서울을 대상지역으로 삼았다. 4개의 시나리오를 적용한 결과 소양강댐의 연간 레크레이션 편익은 235억원$\sim$913억원으로 추정되어 소양강댐의 주요 기능인 용수공급이나 발전에 따른 편익과 비교할 때도 결코 작지 않은 편익을 보여주고 있다. 아울러, 일반적으로 댐 건설로 인한 피해자로 인식되고 있는 하천의 상류지역인 댐 주변지역에 거주하는 사람들의 지불의사액(Willingness to Pay, WTP)이 댐의 수혜자로 인식되는 하류지역에 거주하는 사람들의 WTP보다 크다는 것과 댐 주변지역에 거주하는 사람들은 댐에 대하여 양 극단적인 태도, 즉 강한 애착과 강한 반감을 함께 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 레크레이션 기능이 댐의 주요 기능으로 고려되어야 하는 가에 대한 해답을 줄 수 있는데, 그동안 댐의 레크레이션 편익 측정을 어렵게 하였던 댐의 레크레이션 편익의 개념화를 통해 편익이 측정 가능하며 소양강댐의 경우 다른 목적의 물 사용 용도보다 편익이 클 수 있기 때문에 향후 다목적댐의 주요 기능을 확장할 필요성을 보여준다. 또한, 레크레이션 편익을 어떻게 내재화(內在化)하여야 하는지에 대한 향후 연구의 필요성도 제기한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.40-48
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• 2008

The Waimea Basin is located on the northern tip of the South Island of New Zealand. It is a highly productive area with intense water use with multi-stakeholder interest in water. Irrigation from the underground aquifers here makes up the largest portion of used water; however the same aquifers are also the key urban and industrial sources of water. The Waimea/Wairoa Rivers are the main sources of recharge to the underlying aquifers and also feed the costal springs that highly valued by the community and iwi. Due to the location of the main rivers and springs close to the urban centre the water resource system here has high community and aesthetic values. Recent enhanced hydrological modelling work has shown the water resources in this area to be over allocated by 22% for a 1:10 year drought security for maintaining a minimalistic flow of 250 l/s in the lower Waimea River. The current irrigated land area is about 3700 hectares with an additional potential for irrigation of 1500 hectares. Further pressures are also coming on-line with significant population growth in the region. Recent droughts have resulted in significant water use cutbacks and the threat of seawater intrusion in the coastal margins. The Waimea Water Augmentation Committee (WWAC) initiated a three year stage 1 feasibility study in 2004/2005 into the viability of water storage in the upper parts of the catchment for enhancing water availability and its security of supply for consumptive, environmental, community and aesthetic benefits downstream. The project also sought to future proof water supply needs for the Waimea Plains and the surrounding areas for a 50 - 100 year planning horizon. The broad range stage 1 investigation programme has identified the Upper Lee Catchment as being suitable for a storage structure to provide the needs identified and also a possibility for some small scale hydro electricity generation as well. The stage 2 detailed feasibility investigations that are underway now (2007/2008), and to be completed in two years is to provide all details for progressing with the next stage of obtaining necessary permits for construction and commissioning a suitable dam.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2008

"Charmdlerak" a new high-quality Korean wheat, was produced with production management from the Rural Development Administration (RDA). We evaluated the characteristics of grain, flour, and end-use quality of "Charmdlerak" wheat to assess consumer satisfaction with this new variety of wheat. Eighty-two farmers (450MT/100 ha) in Gwangju metropolitan city produced Keumkangmil wheat and 23 farmers (30 ha) produced "Charmdlerak" wheat "Charmdlerak" wheat had 1.55% ash content and 11.0-13.0% protein content "Charmdlerak" flour was milled by a commercial machine in Samyang Milmax. The protein content of "Charmdlerak" was slightly higher than that of flour from Hard Red Winter Wheat (HRWW), the most popular multipurpose flour in Korea. The ash content and color of "Charmdlerak" wheat were similar to those of HRWW. End-use quality testing of cooked noodles and bread indicated that "Charmdlerak" flour resulted in softer noodles and similar bread loaf volume compared with products made from Keumkangmil wheat.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2013

This study was conducted for determining the influence of artificial structures on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in stream. Sampling was taken at upper(pool), down(riffle) and control(riffle) from two check dams, two weirs, one agricultural reservoir, and one multipurpose dam in northern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of these structures were surveyed during 2009 to 2011. The simple habitat of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred at the upper sites due to pooling effects from artificial structures. Specifically, Check dam1, Jusanji, Imha dam showed very low biological attribute values compared to the down and control sites, which have greater difference in substrate characteristics. However, in the upper sites of Check dam2, Weir1 and Weir2, the difference of values of biological attributes was relatively smaller. Also, proportion of functional feeding groups and functional habit groups were relatively simpler at upper stream and the degree of community differences was greater between upper and down, control sites. Spearman's correlation between biological attributes and substrate characteristics, water quality parameters had significant correlations; particularly, the substrate characteristics were more significantly related. In conclusion, the pool caused by artificial structures had negative effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities thus leading to simplified stream habitats at upper stream ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.64-77
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• 2012

Donguibogam, Korea's cultural heritage and traditional Oriental medicine book listed in the World Heritage three years ago, is indeed great in its importance and value. Korea's posterity has sought treatment methods through the medical book and their researches on that book have continued. However, it is rare to make the concrete analysis on the medicines for prescriptions recorded in the book. In this study, we reviewed "Ears" in the Section "Bodily Appearance" among the five chapters of Donguibogam, and analyzed the 55 types of prescriptions for ear diseases, the medical characteristics, tastes, prime classification of medical herbs, and acupunctural effects, and the dosage forms depending on prescriptions. For insect-entering ear diseases and 20 kinds of a single-medicine prescription also, the treatments are presented in the book, but we presented the texts only and excluded them in the analysis. We also excluded overlapping prescriptions and adding and reducing prescriptions of the 55 prescriptions, and thus classified the left 42 proscriptions by dosage form. As a result: 1. With respect to medical characteristics, the medicine with warm characteristics reached 9 types(40.9%), the highest rate, followed by the medicine with cold characteristics 8 types (36.4%). 2. Concerning medical tastes, the medicine with bitter taste included 12 types (54.5%), the medicine with sour taste 10 types (45.5%), and the medicine with sweet taste 7 types (31.8%). It was unusual that of the 22 medicines used for multipurpose, no medicine with the taste was found. 3. For the acupunctural effects, the medicine with acupuncture effects for spleen medirian reached 12 types in total (54.5%). On the contrary, the medicine with the effects for pericardium meridian reached only one (4.5%) among the total of 22 medicines. 4. In the dosage form of 42 prescriptions, powder medicine was 15 types (35.7%), and decoction medicine was 14 (33.3%). Powder, dedoction, and pill medicines accounted for 90.4% of the total medicine type. It was found that in particular, for ear diseases powder medicine was used more frequently than decoction medicine.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to propose a method of developing an improved Hanok. To achieve this, an investigation was carried out on the factors of the main floor plan in the improved Hanok development and an interview was conducted with residents who live in the improved Hanok development. The conclusions obtained through this study are as follows: First, The shape of 一 was marked at the highest in the Korean traditional plan types such as 一, ㄱ and 田. It is considered that this reduces the cost of construction by simplifying the structure of the roof. Second, the size was consisted of $5{\times}3$ Kan, the Korean traditional module that determines the number of columns and expresses the position of the inner wall. However, the Kan measure ments for the bathroom and multi-purpose room differed. Third, 57.6% of the 2 bedroom units were investigated. However, 60% of the residents preferred 3 bedroom units. Fourth, the results of the relationship between the living room and the kitchen showed that the residents preferred L+DK type to LDK type by 54.2% and 45.8% respectively. Fifth, the residents preferred a bathroom constructed next to the bedroom because they considered that the improved Hanok development would be used as an Inn during holiday periods. Moreover, they desired a plan where the bathroom could be directly entered from the outside. Sixth, the design for the improved Hanok development should have a suitable multipurpose-room because 72.5% of the residents have extended their house to accommodate such a room. Seventh, 61% of the improved Hanok units had an entrance space, which does not exist in Korean traditional houses. For this reason, the Korean traditional floor (: the Maru) was avoided due to its inconvenience.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

The outcome of modem sports events are reliant on not only the athletic ability and technology of individual players but their sportswear proterties. State-of-the-Hitech sportswear has started to be introduced in the 1950s, and in addition to the athletic capability of players, sportswear is one of the primary factors to affect the results of sports games, as a wide variety of Hi-Tech functional materials have come out since the 1990s. The purpose of this study was to development into the concept of active sportswear, to sort out hitech functional product lines in this field, to look into sports stars and Hi-Tech functional sports brands, and finally to identify the major characteristics of recent active sportswear. The result of this study were as follows: 1. There were largely four characteristics in recent functional sportswear materials: fast-drying cooling, minimized resistance, ultralight comfortableness, and water vapor permeable/waterproof function. 2. Besides the athletic capability and technology of players, Hi-Tech functional products are one of the major factors to determine the outcome of modem sports events. Functional synthetic fiber is preferred, instead of cotton, since the former is easier to manage and retains humidity better. 3. The major features of recent trend in active sportswear products are, functional, diversity and value. That is, those products are functional, since they are easy to manage and retain proper humidity, and they are for multipurpose, since they are fashionable and practical at the same time. And they are valuable, being expensive but appropriate for the movement of the body and having a high quality.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to suggest the necessary measures for the school safety experience education space to provide the elementary school students with the ability to provide safety education through experiences routinely and repeatedly. For this purpose, we investigated the conditions of safety experience in Jeollabuk-do and the case of other cities as a factor for operating the school safety experience educational space. In order to clarify the appropriateness of this, a questionnaire was conducted for the teachers in the local area. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the use of two classrooms in the place and the scale in the operation of the school safety experiential education space should be sought in various places such as hall, multipurpose room, and gymnasium according to the school condition. Experiential areas should be operated by elementary school students customized, but specialized facilities or large scale should be used for professional safety experience facilities. For efficient operation, the base school wanted to be located in a place where accessibility of other school students was easy, and that a school with sufficient space would be selected.