• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.994-995
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• 2023

일상생활에서도 불편함을 겪는 시각 장애인들을 위해 기초적인 생활을 보완할 수 있는 음성인식 다용도 계량기를 개발하고자 하였다. 본 제품은 API를 통해 저울의 측정값을 한국어 음성으로 변환하여 출력하는 음성 저울과 음성인식을 통해 슬라이드 포트로 정수기를 제어하는 작동 기기로 구성되어 있다. 현재 음성인식 다용도 계량기 개발을 완료했으며, Web, APP 등의 개선 방안을 연구 및 적용하는 중에 있다. 본 계량기를 통하여 시각장애인·시력저하자의 일상생활 및 삶의 질 향상뿐만 아니라 병원 등의 공공시설 개선에도 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.420-429
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the micro ensile bond strength to bovine dentin of several adhesives (SM, Scotch $Bond^{TM}$ Multipurpose; SB, $Adper^{TM}$ Single Bond 2; SE, $Clearfil^{(R)}$ SE Bond; AQ, AQ $Bond^{TM}$; TS, $Clearfil^{(R)}$ tri-S Bond). Except SM and SB, they have a simplified one- or two-step application protocols in compare with the dentin adhesives conventional three-step protocols. For the microtensile bond strength test, the labial surfaces of bovine incisors were used. Following exposure of dentin layer, according to their manufacturer's directions, each dentin adhesives were applied and composite resin blocks were constructed. The teeth were sectioned for specimen and tested microtensile bond strength. Also observed the fracture mode of interface. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The microtensile bond strength values ranged from 51.34 to 24.04 MPa on dentin(in decreasing order, SE, SM, SB, AQ and TS). 2. The highest microtensile bond strength was by SE and SM on bovine dentin, and the lowest by AQ and TS. 3. SM, SB and SE showed cohesive failures and adhesive failure but AQ, TS presented almost adhesive failures. In summary, microtensile bond strengths of single-step adhesives (AQ and TS) on bovine dentin were significantly lower than those of multi-step adhesives (SM, SB and SE) (p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the actual condition of caring soft contact lens cases and the change in contamination level of lens cases by wearing and storage period of soft contact lens. Methods: The actual condition of caring soft lens cases was surveyed with sixty-three of contact lens wearers. Soft contact lenses were worn for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, and the lenses were separately stored in 12 lens cases for 1, 3 and 7 days. The contamination level of lens cases was determined by counting the numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi. Results: Only 14% of survey answerers cleaned their lens cases with a brush, rinsed and dried them upside down before next usage of lens case when those lenses were kept for a long time. Furthermore, 54% of total answerers just kept soft contact lens in the case without changing the multipurpose solution. Microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi were detected in lens cases even when soft contact lens were kept for 1 day in the lens case after wearing for 1 day and cleaning it with multipurpose solution. The numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi in lens cases increased with storage periods of soft contact lens, and also contamination level of lens cases was increased in accordance with wearing period of lens. In the lens cases without changing multipurpose solution, the numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi increased with storage period of lens with statistical significance. Conclusions: This study showed that lens wearers' concerns on caring contact lens case were not satisfactory. As the result, the contamination of lens cases was related to increase of lens wearing and storage periods suggesting that the proper instruction and education for lens wearers are required.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.428-433
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• 2003

We measured the effect of wettability of six MPSs for RGP(rigid gas permeable) lens. The used MPSs(multipurpose solutions) were OPTI-SOAK(ALCON), SOLO care hard(CIBA Vision), Total care(ALLERGAN), Simplicity(BOSTON), Wetting and Soaking Sol.(Bausch & Lomb) and Aquas-multi(Saehan). These MPSs keeps hydrophilic property of lens surface and increase the effect of cleaning or increase the effect of preservative effect. To compare with the effect of wettability we followed the way of contact angle measurement which was general way to measure wettability and compared lens which was conducted by each MPS made by different companies. As a control, 0.9% NaCl solution and artificial tears were used. The degree of the effect of wettability was decided by contact angle. It is hydrophilic property nearby $0^{\circ}$ of contact angle and it is closed by hydrophobic property as it increases. The results showed that every lens was nearby hydrophilic property within $25\;^{\circ}-36\;^{\circ}$. Also, it was differed by various factors. The surface tension showed various differences between 19.8 and 31.3 mN/m. In the viscosity, MPSs represented the highest viscosity between $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. It was much higher than compared with the viscosity of soft lens MPS. This experiment could be used to grasping the interaction between solutions used to MPS and the natural endowments of lens and to considering the relations of different factors effecting the wettability.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.575-585
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• 1997

A daily runoff system was constructed to support decision making for water use in the downstream region of multipurpose dams in the Han River. The daily runoff system used the modified model from NWSRFS by Tabios III et al. (1986), and potential evapotranspiration was computed from Penman equation. DWOPER was used for channel routing. While the North Han River is the main river reach in the channel routing system, the South Han River and the Soyang River became tributaries. The rainfall-runoff model was calibrated and verified for five subbasins. Daily runoffs were simulated with the hydrometeorological data in 1986 and1990. The simulations were performed from April to November, and the sum of computed discharges for seven or thirty days were compared with actual releases of the downstream dams. It showed the average absolute errors of 8.7 ~31.6%. The sum of total discharges were 10% or less. While stage errors were produced by 0.5 m or less at Yoju station in the ease of simulation from April to August in 1986, the errors kept under 0.2 m since September. In the simulation for 1990, we compared two simulation results. One is produced from real internal and downstream boundary conditions and the other is one from internal and downstream boundary conditions fixed arbitrarily. The two cases showed similar results.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1143-1156
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• 2012

One of the important purposes of most water resources systems is to prevent from drought damages. However, there are uncertainties in water supply plans from a reservoir due to factors such as limitation of available data, inaccuracy of surveyed data, unsuitability of analysis method, and climate change. In actual operating process, severe drought exceeding the water supply capability makes the normal water usage difficult. In Korea, however, alternative water source such as a development of new water project is very limited in case of water shortages due to drought. Especially, since there is no standard to evaluate the water supply effect considering severe drought damages, it is difficult to prepare the practical measures. In this study, water shortage events of existing multipurpose reservoirs are analyzed and the method of using low-storage emergency water supply is studied by using Water Shortage Index (WSI). The water shortage events are analyzed and the effect of water shortage decrease is evaluated using the existing inflow data of multi-purpose reservoirs. The results show that Imha, Daechung, Hapchon and Namkang reservoirs are highly vulnerable to the severe drought and required to develop additional emergency water source.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.227-241
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• 1996

The effect of collagen dissolution in acid conditioned dentin was morphologically examined by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 18 freshly extracted human molars and dentin bonding systems of All Bond 2, Scotchbond Multipurpose, Superbond D-Liner were used in this study. For SEM preparation, each 3 of ~ exposed dentin surfaces were acid conditioned by using various acids within the above three bonding systems respectively. After acid conditioning of the other 3 exposed dentin surfaces as above, they were treated with 1.7% NaOCl for 2 minutes. The remaining 3 dentin surfaces were acid conditioned and treated with 3.3 % NaOCl for 2 minutes. All of the specimens were then fixed in 4 % glutaraldehyde for 12 h at $4^{\circ}C$ and dehydrated in ethanols grades from 50 % to 100 %, then surface changes of the specimens were observed by using SEM. For TEM preparation, exposed dentin surfaces were acid conditioned with the same acid as SEM specimens and treated with 1.7%, 3.3 % NaOCl respectively, then applied with corresponding bonding agents. After the procedures were finished, composite resin were applied on the dentin surfaces and light cured. Small, rectangular sticks with end dimensions of approximately 1 by 1 mm were sectioned and further sample preparative techniques for transmission electron microscopy were performed in accordance with the procedures used for ultrastructural TEM observations of calcified tissues. The results were as follows : 1. In the 1.7 % NaOCl retreated specimens after acid conditioning, the porous dentin surface of intertubular dentin and wide opening of dentinal tubules were appeared. And there were fine irregularities on the intertubular dentin, indicating a clear difference as compared with the acid conditioned specimens. 2. In the 3.3% NaOCl retreated specimens after acid conditioning, the intertubular dentin was further eroded causing a more porous and wider opening of dentinal tubules. Moreover, sharp irregularities on the intertubular dentin were more evident than those of acid conditioned and 1.7% NaOCl retreated specimens. 3. In all of the acid conditioned specimens, the resin-dentin hybrid layer of approximately 3.5mm thickness was formed and the collapsed collagen layer was observed on the uppermost part of hybrid layer in the specimens applied with All Bond 2. The collgen fibrils of intertubular dentin in specimens applied with Scotchbond Multipurpose were running perpendicular to the interface, and electron dense black layer demarcated from the deep unaltered dentin was more evident in the specimen applied with Superbond D-Liner than any other specimens. 4. In the 1.7 % NaOCl retreated specimens after acid conditioning, the resin-dentin hybrid layer of approximately 2.5-3.0mm thickness was formed and the collapsed collagen layer and longitudinally running collagen fibrils as shown in the acid conditioned specimens were observed in the specimens applied with All Bond 2 and Superbond D-Liner. 5. In all of the 3.3% NaOCl retreated specimens after acid conditioning, the evidence of resin-dentin hybrid layer was not identified ; nevertheless, the longitudinally running collagen fibrils remained slightly in the specimens applied with All Bond 2.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 1990

The power water flowed out from the multipurpose darn influences the ecosystem approximately because of the low water temperature. An appropriate counter measure to the rising water temperature is needed for growing crops especially when the temperature is below 18˚C in the source of the irrigation water This observational study is practiced in Yong-Doo water warming canal and pond in the down stream of Choong-Ju multipurpose dam and is practiced for analyse and compare the rising effects in actural water temperature by actual measurement with the rising effects of planned water temperatuer by the basic theoritical method and for the help to present the direction in plan establishment through investigate the results afterwards. The results are as follows. 1.The degree of the rise of the water temperature can be decided by $\theta$x=$\theta$o +K L--v.h (T-$\theta$˚)Then, K values of a factor representing the characteristics of the water warming canal were 0.00002043 for the type I. and 0.0000173 for the type II. respectively. 2.A variation of water temperature which produced by the difference effective temperature and water temperature in the water warming canal was $\theta$x1 = 16.5 + 15.9(1-e -0.00018x), $\theta$x2 =18.8 + 8.4( 1-e -0.000298x)for the type I. and $\theta$x, = 19.6 + 12.8 ( 1-e -0.00041x) for the type II. 3.It was shown that the effects of the rise of water temperature for the type I. water warming canal were greater than that of type II. as a resultes of broadening the surface of the canal compared with the depth of water, coloring the surface of water canal and installing the resistance block. 4.In case of the type I. water warming canal, the equation between the air temperature and the degree of the rise of water temprature could be made ;Y= 0.4134X + 7.728 In addition, in case of the type II. water warming canal, the correlation was very low. 5.A monthly variation of the water temperature in the water warming canal was the highest in August during the irrigation period and the water temperature rose with the air temperature until August. However, it was blunted after then. 6.A rising degree of water temperature of the practical value in the water warming pond was higher than that of the theoritical equation by 69% for the type I. and 57% for the type II. Accordingly, it was possible to acquire the result near the practical value.$\theta$w-$\theta$o=[1-exp{ -h(1+2$\psi$) . X($\theta$w-$\theta$0)XC Here, C values are 1.69 for the type I. and 1.57 for the type II. 7.It was shown that the effect of the rise of water temperature was favorable when the thermal absorption was to be good by coloring the surface of the water warming pond and removing the bottom osmosis. 8.By enlarging the surface of water in comparison with the depth, and by having dead area of water in the water warming pond, this structure in the water warming pond is helpful for the rise of water temperature.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.284-291
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• 2013

The importance of ultrasound examination in the field of medical imaging has been emphasized and the interest in sonographic image evaluation is growing. However image evaluations by the non-standardized criteria and methods, so establishment of legal provisions and objective evaluation criteria are needed. In this study, we used SNR to find out more quantitative way and supplement the limitations of the existing phantom image evaluation. The results of acquired 8 images using ATS-539 multipurpose phantom were compared in SNR of sensitivity and gray-scale dynamic range. In the result of the experiment, excellent equipment of existing phantom images are G1, S1 and G2 in regular sequence. In SNR of sensitivity, G1, S1 and G2 and in SNR of gray-scale dynamic range, S1 G1 and G2 in order. In the conclusion, all the experiment results did not show big difference and regular pattern neither. Therefore, the new evaluation measures should be used with the existing phantom image evaluation method for more objective and quantitative evaluation of the ultrasound imaging device.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.705-711
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• 2008

In case of the domestic condition, as the initiating from Sumjin River Dam, total 14 units of multipurpose dams had been constructed in 1965 for the roles of flood control, waterpower generation, irrigation, water supply, industrial water supply. In the case of such multipurpose dam, it produces electric energy by converting the potential energy utilizing its head and quantity of the water into kinetic energy. However, in this process, since during the time when the turbine connected to the hydraulic turbine dynamo revolves and there occurs a loud noise, it brings the physical, mental bad influences to those people also a decline of an effective working efficiency. On such point of view, after selection of various 16 measurement points, this study has measured and analyzed the travelling characteristics of noise generated at the hydraulic turbine dynamo in Daechung Dam, and also has evaluated the degree of indoor noise using the evaluation index such as PSIL, NC. As the result of noise-evaluation, in case of Daechung Dam, since the noise damage grade appears very seriously at various spaces, it is considering that its soundproof measure would be necessitated keenly. Also, it is considered that such data could be utilized as the valuable material hereafter for establishment of an efficient noise-reduction countermeasure and a comfortable working environment for the hydraulic turbine dynamo plant.