• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.251-266
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• 1997

The results are as follows. 1. Oriental medical terms which express abnormal sensations are Bulin, Mamok, Mamokbulin. 2. Bulin, Oriental medical terminology, was used from Naegyeong's era to the Song Dynasty era and expressed as one of the symptoms in Jungpung(Stroke), Bi syndrome(Obstruction syndrom of Gi and Hyeol), Wi syndrome(Flaccid paralysis of the limbs), Hyeolbi(One of the Bi syndroms). But since the Keum Dynasty era, Mamok or Mamokbulin were more used than Bulin and that was refered as seperated disease. 3. Ma is paresthesia or dysthesia on the skin and the limbs, and the symtoms are not itchy, patients are felt like insect's crawling or bite. Mok is a stubborn symptom , the patients are felt like tree, which don't know pain and itching sensation. And therefore Ma is similar to positive phenomena and Mok is similar to negative phenomena in clinical aspect. 4. Mamok is GiHyeol(Gi is functional activities, Hyeol is blood) and Gyeonglak(Meridian system)'s disease. It's main causes are Giheo(Deficiency of Gi) and Hyeolhel(dificiency of Blood) and inducing tactors are Pung-Han-Seub(pathogenic wind-cold-dump) and Damtak(Phlegm-turbity), Eohyeol(Stagnated blood). 5. Mamok is induced from mononeuritis, multiple mononeuritis, polyneuropathy in the peripheral nervous lesions and also induced from cervical spondylosis, spinal tumour, multiple sclerosis, cerebrospinal vascular disease in central nervous systems.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2018

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare metaplastic disease affecting the joints, including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Since its symptoms are similar to those of temporomandibular disorders, a careful differential diagnosis is essential. A 50-year-old male patient was referred with the chief complaint of pain and radiopaque masses around the left TMJ on panoramic radiography. Clinically, pre-auricular swelling and resting pain was found, without limitation of mouth opening. On cone-beam computed tomographic images, multiple calcified nodules adjacent to the TMJ and bone proliferation with sclerosis at the articular fossa and eminence were found. T2-weighted magnetic resonance images showed multiple signal-void nodules with high signal effusion in the superior joint space and thickened cortical bone at the articular fossa and eminence. The calcified nodules were removed by surgical excision, but the hypertrophic articular fossa and eminence remained. A histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was followed up few months later without recurrence.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.560-567
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• 2008

The importance of lipids in cell signaling and tissue physiology is demonstrated by the many CNS pathologies involving deregulated lipid metabolism. One such critical metabolic event is the activation of phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$), which results in the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and the release of free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, a precursor for essential cell-signaling eicosanoids. Reactive oxygen species (ROS, a product of arachidonic acid metabolism) react with cellular lipids to generate lipid peroxides, which are degraded to reactive aldehydes (oxidized phospholipid, 4-hydroxynonenal, and acrolein) that bind covalently to proteins, thereby altering their function and inducing cellular damage. Dissecting the contribution of $PLA_2$ to lipid peroxidation in CNS injury and disorders is a challenging proposition due to the multiple forms of $PLA_2$, the diverse sources of ROS, and the lack of specific $PLA_2$ inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the role of $PLA_2$ in CNS pathologies, including stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple sclerosis-Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and Wallerian degeneration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1426-1432
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• 1997

Sj$\ddot{o}$gren's syndrome(SS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and sailvary glands, which results in dry eyes and dry mouth. SS may exist as a primary condition or as a secondary condition in association with connective tissue disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or progressive systemic sclerosis. We experienced a patient with primary SS who developed multiple bullae, nodular type of pulmonary amyloidosis and lymphocytic interstitial peumonitis. We believe this to be the first reported case of SS acompanied by these three types pulmonary manifestations at the same time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.191-191
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• 1996

BQ-123, a selective $ET_{A}$ receptor antagonist, reverses various responses induced by Endothelin-1 and it has been reported that BQ-123 ameliorates the cerebrovascular constriction, hypertension, and decrease of blood flow. Previously, we announced that the level of Endothelin-2 increase in the brain and spinal cord of EAE-induced lewis rat and showed the origin of ET-1 is activated macrophages. Intracisternal injection of $ET_{A}$ receptor antagonist, BQ-123(10nmol) was done for visualizing the role of endothelin-1 on the pathogenesis of EAE. BQ-123 apparently blocked the severity of clinical score of EAE and decreased the histologically observed inflammatory region. The blocking effect on the progression of EAE model following BQ-123, suggests that BQ-123 is a physiological antagonist in terms of development of the sign of multiple sclerosis.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-147
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• 2017

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is generally characterized by lancinating, unilateral, paroxysmal pain occurring in the distribution of the fifth cranial nerve. TN is diagnosed clinically based on the typical patient history, negative findings in a neurologic examination, and the response to medication. Idiopathic TN is the most common type, but TN can result from vascular malformation, compression, trauma, neoplasm, multiple sclerosis, or inflammation. We report a TN case diagnosed as recurrent trigeminal neuritis of the maxillary branch confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.167-172
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• 1988

One and a half syndrome is an ipsilateral gaze paresis or palsy combined with an internuclear opthalmoplegia on controlateral gaze. The lesion site is at the paramedian pontine reticular formation and the adjacent MLF. The common causes are unilateral pontine infarction and multiple sclerosis. We experienced a case of one and a half syndrome which has a suspected small pontine infarct.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.166-166
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• 2001

목적： 척수의 질환에 대한 확산강조영상 소견에 대하여 알아본다. 대상 및 방법： 임상적으로 진단된 척수질환 환자 8명을 (acute transverse myelitis (n=3), spinal dural AV fistula (n=2), multiple sclerosis (n=1), spinal cord tumor (n=2)) 대상으로 하였다. 영상은 Philips Intera 1.5 T system을 이용하였고, multishot spin echo EPI 펄스열 및 EKG gating을 이용하여 영상을 얻었다. 3R-R 간격으로 영상을 얻었으며 TE=72msec, FOV=25cm, 256 matrix, 5mm thickness, b value=400으로 영상매개변수를 정하였다. 척수 중심으로 3개의 절편을 얻었으며 T2 강조 영상과 겉보기확산계수 영상을 같이 구하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.316-319
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• 2013

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is considered to be a rarer autoimmune disease than multiple sclerosis. It is very difficult to make a diagnosis of MNO for doctors who are not familiar with its clinical features and diagnostic criteria. We report a case of a young female patient who had been suffering motor weakness and radiating pain in both upper extremities. Cervical MRI showed tumorous lesion in spinal cord and performed surgery to remove lesion. We could not find a tumor mass in operation field and final diagnosis was NMO. NMO must be included in the differential diagnosis of lesions to rescue the patient from invasive surgical interventions. More specific diagnostic tools may be necessary for early diagnosis and proper treatment.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.383-391
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• 2005

Age-related White Matter Changes (WMC) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are known to appear frequently in Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease and to be related to cognitive impairment. The characterization of these WMC is very important to the study of psychology and aging. These changes consist of periventricular and subcortical types, however it is difficult to detect and segment WMC using only intensity-based methods, because their intensity, level IS similar to th~t of the gray matter (GM). In this paper, we propose a new method of segmenting periventricular WMC using K-means clustering and morphological features.