• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1351-1358
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• 2009

Parentage tests using polymorphic DNA marker are commonly performed to avoid incorrect recording of the parental information of livestock animals, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are becoming the method of choice. In Japanese Black cattle, parentage tests based on the exclusion method using microsatellite markers are currently conducted; however, an alternative SNP system aimed at parentage tests has recently been developed. In the present study, two types of simulations were conducted using the pedigree data of two subpopulations in the breed (subpopulations of Hyogo and Shimane prefectures) in order to examine the effect of actual genetic and breeding structures. The first simulation (simulation 1) investigated the usefulness of SNPs for excluding a close relative of the true sire; the second one (simulation 2) investigated the accuracy of sire identification tests for multiple full-sib putative sires by a combined method of exclusion and paternity assignment based on the LOD score. The success rates of excluding a single fullsib and sire of the true sires were, respectively, 0.9915 and 0.9852 in Hyogo and 0.9848 and 0.9852 in Shimane, when 50 SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF: q) of 0.25${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.35 were used in simulation 1. The success rates of sire identification tests based solely on the exclusion method were relatively low in simulation 2. However, assuming that 50 SNPs with MAF of 0.25${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.35 or 0.45${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.5 were available, the total success rates including achievements due to paternity assignment were, respectively, 0.9430 and 0.9681 in Hyogo and 0.8999 and 0.9399 for Shimane, even when each true sire was assumed to compete with 50 full-sibs.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.932-940
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• 2011

This paper presents an integrated analysis of supply chain and financing decisions of multi-national corporation. We construct a model in which multiple currency storage units are installed to manage the currency flows associated with multi-national supply chain activities such as raw material procurement, process operation, inventory control, transportation and finished product sales. Core contribution of this study is to quantitatively investigate the influence of macroscopic economic factors such as exchange rates and taxes on operational decisions. The supply chain is modeled by the Process-Storage Network with recycle streams. The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the opportunity costs of annualized capital investments and currency/material inventories minus the benefit to stockholders interpreted by home currency. The major constraints of the optimization are that the material and currency storage units must not be depleted. A production and inventory analysis formulation, the periodic square wave (PSW) model, provides useful expressions for the upper/lower bounds and average levels of the currency and material inventory holdups. The expressions for the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the optimization problem are reduced to a subproblem and analytical lot sizing equations. The procurement, production, transportation and financial transaction lot sizes can be determined by analytical expressions after the average flow rates are already known. We show that, when corporate income tax is taken into consideration, the optimal production lot and storage sizes are smaller than is the case when such factors are not considered typically by 20 %.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the cause and prevalence of occupational skin disease in dental technicians working in Seoul, Korea. and to investigate the relation between these work condition and skin disease of the hand, wrist and forearm. This study was based on the Nordic occupational skin questionnaire(NOSQ), a self-administrated questionnaire which was modified to investigate the dental technician's occupational factors in domestic circumstances. The number was distributed to 500 dental technicians who participated in annual continuing education for dental technicians of the Seoul metropolitan area in April 2006. Of the subjects, 62(30.4%) had eczema and 70(32.9%) had urticaria, as diagnosed. Of the subjects with the symptoms of urticaria, 30 complained of atopic dermatitis, 65 complained of allergic rhinitis, 56 complained of allergic conjunctivitis, and 18 complained of asthma. The group with atopic history had a higher frequency of eczema or urticaria than the group without atopic history. From multiple regression analysis, the group who had a history of atopic dermatitis also had high symptom rates of eczema. The group who had a history of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis had high symptom rates of urticaria. The urticaria symptom rates were higher in those wearing gloves than those who did not for the type of work.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2017

Objective: Delinquent peers are important predictors of adolescent delinquent behavior. Few studies have classified individuals into groups based on patterns of delinquent behavior among youth and their peers. This study identified latent groups based on adolescent-peer delinquency and examined psychosocial characteristics of each latent group. Methods: First, the study employed latent class analysis based on a nationally representative data of South Korean middle school students (N = 2,277). Both adolescent and peer delinquent behaviors comprised 13 items in the questionnaire that was self-reported by adolescents. Second, the study used multivariate regression models to analyze psychosocial symptoms of latent groups and conducted Wald tests to compare differences among latent groups. Results: Patterns of adolescent-peer delinquency were classified into six latent groups. "Mutual total delinquent group (1.2%)" showed high rates in most delinquent experiences. "Mutual status delinquent group (5.7%)" mainly experienced status delinquency, "Mutual violence delinquent group (5.3%)" showed high rates of violent delinquency. "Peer-only total high delinquent group (3.8%)" reported friends to have engaged in all types of delinquency and "Peer-only total medium delinquent group (11.8%)" reported peer involvement in multiple status and few violent delinquency. Finally, "low risk group (72.2%)" reported low rates of delinquency for themselves and their friends. Regression analysis showed that every "mutual" delinquent group presented significantly worse psychosocial problems than the "low risk group." Conclusion: Using person centered latent class analysis, this study classified six latent classes while considering both delinquent agents and various types of delinquency and investigated specific groups with greater risk of psychosocial problems.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2010

Soil respiration ($R_S$) is a critical component of the annual carbon balance of forests, but few studies thus far have attempted to evaluate empirical regression models in $R_S$. The principal objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between $R_S$ rates and soil temperature (ST) and soil water content (SWC) in soil from a cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, and to evaluate empirical regression models for the prediction of $R_S$ using ST and SWC. We have been measuring $R_S$, using an open-flow gas-exchange system with an infrared gas analyzer during the snowfree season from 1999 to 2001 at the Takayama Forest, Japan. To evaluate the empirical regression models used for the prediction of $R_S$, we compared a simple exponential regression (flux = $ae^{bt}$Eq. [1]) and two polynomial multiple-regression models (flux = $ae^{bt}{\times}({\theta}{\nu}-c){\times}(d-{\theta}{\nu})^f:$ Eq. [2] and flux = $ae^{bt}{\times}(1-(1-({\theta}{\nu}/c))^2)$: Eq. [3]) that included two variables (ST: t and SWC: ${\theta}{\nu}$) and that utilized hourly data for $R_S$. In general, daily mean $R_S$ rates were positively well-correlated with ST, but no significant correlations were observed with any significant frequency between the ST and $R_S$ rates on periods of a day based on the hourly $R_S$ data. Eq. (2) has many more site-specific parameters than Eq. (3) and resulted in some significant underestimation. The empirical regression, Eq. (3) was best explained by temporal variations, as it provided a more unbiased fit to the data compared to Eq. (2). The Eq. (3) (ST $\times$ SWC function) also increased the predictive ability as compared to Eq. (1) (only ST exponential function), increasing the $R^2$ from 0.71 to 0.78.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 여러 개의 비디오 객체를 부호화할 때 기존의 MPEC-4 VM5알고리즘에 비해 부호화 성능을 향상시키면서 고정 비트율을 지원하는 새로운 알고리즘을 기술한다. 특히, 부호화되는 객체와 건너뛰어지는 객체의 왜곡을 예측하는 비트율-왜곡 모델을 제시하고, 부호화 성능을 향상시키기 위해 시간적-공간적 절충을 고려한 부호화 모드와 버퍼를 제어하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 객체 기반의 비트율 제어 방법은 넓은 범위의 비트율에서 향상된 성능을 보이며, 목표 비트율에 근접한 압축 비트열을 발생하고, 버퍼 상태를 안정적으로 조절하기 때문에 버퍼 넘침과 버퍼 결핍 현상이 발생하지 않는다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2005

Resent studies have reported increased isolation of extended-spectrum $\beta-lactamase$ (ESBL) producing strains at several hospital in Korea. We studied to investigate the isolation rates of ESBL strains from clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and to characterize differences in types using analyses of genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility test. Antibiotic susceptibility test with confirmation of ESBL by double disk synergy test was performed on the 54 ESBL strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae from a hospital in Busan. Transfer of resistant gene in ESBL strains resistant to 3rd generated antibiotics was confirmed by transconjugation test using E. coli $RG176^{nal(r)}$. blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M genes were detected by PCR. ESBL producing strains had 100% of resistant rate to ampicillin, azteronam, cefazolin, cefepime and ceftriaxone ($\beta-lactam$ antibiotics). Forty strains of bla TEM$(74\%)$, 41 strains of bla SHV $(76\%)$, 23 strains of bla CTX-M $(43\%)$ were found, respectively. The strains had one or more genes. They had high resistant rates to $\beta-lactam$ antibiotics including cephalosporin. The resistant rates of strains with multiple resistant genes were higher than those of strains with single resistant gene.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 5대 암(위암, 대장암, 간암, 유방암, 자궁경부암)을 중심으로 5대 암에 대한 대중의 5년 생존율 인식을 조사하여 그 결과를 역학적 사실과 비교하고 암 생존율 인식에 미치는 요인을 규명하는 것이다. 자료는 2016년 4월 19일부터 24일까지 단면 인터넷 설문 조사를 수행하여 총 354명의 설문 응답을 수집하였다. 연구대상자의 특성을 파악하기 위한 빈도분석, 연구대상자의 5년 생존율 인식과 역학적 사실과의 비교를 위한 히스토그램 제시, 연구대상자의 5년 생존율에 미치는 요인을 검증하기 위한 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 위암, 대장암, 유방암, 자궁경부암의 생존율에 대한 대중의 인식은 역학적 사실보다 낮게, 간암의 생존율에 대한 대중의 인식은 역학적 사실보다 높게 인식하였다. 마지막으로 암 진단유무, 연령, 규칙적인 운동유무가 5년 생존율 인식에 유의한 영향을 주는 요인으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.6160-6168
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• 2015

의료기관 종사자의 손 위생 수행은 의료관련 감염의 전파를 예방하는 가장 효과적인 방법이다. 본 연구는 직종별 손 위생 수행 측정과 분석을 위해 세계보건기구(WHO)의 손 위생 수행 평가도구를 이용한 직접관찰방법으로 2010년 10월 25일부터 12월 31일까지 수행되었으며, SPSS 21.0으로 기술분석, 교차분석, 다중로지스틱분석을 하였다. 총 8,644 건의 손 위생 상황이 관찰되었고, 손 위생 수행률은 94.1%였으며 의사가 가장 낮았다(83.3%; OR:0.209, 95%CI:0.174-0.252). 직종별 수행률(p<0.001), WHO에서 권고하는 5개 상황(WHO's 5Moments)별 수행률은(p<0.001) 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 간호사(p=0.003)와 의료기사직(p<0.001)이었다. 본 연구결과 손 위생 수행률 향상을 위한 직종별 특성화된 손 위생 전략과 WHO's 5Moments에 따라 차별화된 전략 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

COVID-19 struck labor markets around the world, exposing and exacerbating the gender inequalities within the human capital structure. The last, in its turn, jeopardizes the return of the national economies to the growth trajectory undermined by pandemic impact. The authors assume that COVID-19 disproportionately affected the employment rates of women and men, which led to increased gender inequality in the labor market, which, in turn, affected GDP growth rates in the EU. To prove this hypothesis two research questions are discovered: 1) whether there was a different correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases in the EU and indicators of the labor market for women and men; and 2) whether there was a link between the growth of gender inequality in the EU labor market and the GDP dynamics in these countries. The analysis of the correlation between the number of cases of COVID-19 and indicators of the labor market in the EU revealed faster growth of women's unemployment rates compared to men's ones as the COVID-19 incidence unfolded. Multiple linear regression and factor analysis have been used to investigate the influence of gender inequality in the labor market on GDP dynamics. Despite the methodological limitations, the proposed model is both a sound argument and an analytical basis in favor of gender-responsive economic recovery backed by the systematic and consistent gender equality policy of a government.