• BMB Reports
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.647-654
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• 2015

Energy homeostasis in our body system is maintained by balancing the intake and expenditure of energy. Excessive accumulation of fat by disrupting the balance system causes overweight and obesity, which are increasingly becoming global health concerns. Understanding the pathogenesis of obesity focused on studying the genes related to familial types of obesity. Recently, a rare human genetic disorder, ciliopathy, links the role for genes regulating structure and function of a cellular organelle, the primary cilium, to metabolic disorder, obesity and type II diabetes. Primary cilia are microtubule based hair-like membranous structures, lacking motility and functions such as sensing the environmental cues, and transducing extracellular signals within the cells. Interestingly, the subclass of ciliopathies, such as Bardet-Biedle and Alström syndrome, manifest obesity and type II diabetes in human and mouse model systems. Moreover, studies on genetic mouse model system indicate that more ciliary genes affect energy homeostasis through multiple regulatory steps such as central and peripheral actions of leptin and insulin. In this review, we discuss the latest findings in primary cilia and metabolic disorders, and propose the possible interaction between primary cilia and the leptin and insulin signal pathways which might enhance our understanding of the unambiguous link of a cell's antenna to obesity and type II diabetes.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 1995

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms occur relatively frequently today and are important especially in the head and neck area for they usually carry a bad prognosis. Detection of a synchronous primary tumor at the time of initial work-up is crucial both for management and final outcome. The first case was a T1 hypopharyngeal cancer with a mid-esophageal second primary who complained of a huge neck node. The second case was a T3 hypopharyngeal cancer who was initially seen by the chest surgeons for a large lower esophageal tumor. The third case was a patient previously operated for stomach adenocarcinoma three years ago, who had newly developed symptoms like dysphagia and hoarseness, and was diagnosed as hypopharyngeal T3 with oropharyngeal second primary cancer. Three cases were all heavy smokers and had histories of heavy alcohol consumption. They were all treated at the same sitting by en-block resection of the involved organs and postoperative radiation therapy. The authors have recently experienced 3 cases of synchronous second primary cancers in association with hypopharyngeal cancer and a report is made.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2007

Objective : This study characterized the neurons in the lumbosacral cord that express phospho ERK (pERK) after distension or irritation of the bladder, and their relation to the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) positive primary afferents. Methods : Mechanical distension and chemical irritation of the bladder were induced by intravesical injection of the saline and mustard oil, respectively. Spinal neurons expressing pERK and the primary afferent fibers were characterized using multiple immunofluorescence for neurokinin 1 (NK1), neuronal nitric oxide synthetase (nNOS) and VR1. Results : Neurons in lamina I, medial dorsal horn (MDH), dorsal gray commissure (DGC) and sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) were immunoreactive for pERK after either mechanical or chemical stimulation. The majority of pERK positive cells were positive for NK1 in lamina I and SPN, but not in the DGC. Most of pERK positive cells are not stained for nNOS except in a small population of the cells in the SPN and DGC. Contacts between perikarya and dendrites of pERK-positive cells and terminals of primary afferents expressing VR1 were identified in lamina I. lateral collateral path (LCP) and SPN. Conclusion : In this study, the lumbosacral neurons activated by mechanical and chemical stimulation of the urinary bladder were identified with expression of the pERK, and also provided the evidence that VR1-positive primary afferents may mediate the activation of these neurons.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2003

Tracking is a fundamental technique which is able to be applied to gesture recognition, visual surveillance, tangible agent and so forth. Especially, multiple object tracking has been extensively studied in recent years in order to perform many and more complicated tasks. In this paper, we propose a new approach of multiple object tracking which is based on discrete event. We call this system the DEMOT (Discrete Event based Multiple Object Tracking). This approach is based on the fact that a multiple object tracking can have just four situations - initiation, continuation, termination, and overlapping. Here, initiation, continuation, termination, and overlapping constitute a primary event set and this is based on the change of the number of extracted objects between a previous frame and a current frame. This system reduces computational costs and holds down the identity of all targets. We make experiments for this system with respect to the number of targets, each event, and processing period. We describe experimental results that show the successful multiple object tracking by using our approach.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.426-430
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• 2013

The prognosis of solitary plasmacytoma varies greatly, with some patients recovering after surgical removal or local fractional radiation therapy, and others progressing to multiple myeloma years later. Primary detection of progression to multiple myeloma is important in the treatment of solitary plasmacytoma. There have been several analyses of the risk factors involved in the early progression to multiple myeloma. We describe one case of solitary plasmacytoma of the lumbar vertebra that was treated with surgical decompression with stabilization and additional radiotherapy. The patient had no factors associated with rapid progression to multiple myeloma such as age, size, immunologic results, pathological findings, and serum free light chain ratio at the time of diagnosis. However, his condition progressed to multiple myeloma less than two months after the initial diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma. We suggest that surgeons should be vigilant in watching for rapid progression to multiple myeloma even in case that the patient with solitary plasmacytoma has no risk factors for rapid progression to multiple myeloma.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.262-276
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• 2019

Background: The most important thing to strengthen primary care is to prove that the continuity of primary care is an essential area for good health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of outpatient continuity of primary care on the hospitalization experience of diabetes mellitus in new diabetic patients. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service national sample cohort (NHIS-NSC 2011-2015) data, 3,391 new diabetic patients in 2012 were selected for the study. Multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate the effect of outpatient continuity of primary care on hospitalization in new diabetic patients. Results: The outpatient continuity of primary care in new diabetic patients was measured by the continuity of care index, which showed that 69.4% (n=2,352) were high level and 30.6% (n=1,039) were low level. Patients who had high continuity of primary care at the early stage of diabetes diagnosis showed 3.49 times more likely to maintain high continuity of primary care in the second year (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.72-4.49). Patients with low continuity of primary care for 2 years from the initial diagnosis of diabetes were 2.56 times more likely to be hospitalized due to diabetes than those who did not (95% CI, 1.55-4.25). Conclusion: This study identified the need for policies to increase the continuity of primary care for new diabetic patients and could contribute to lowering the admission rate of diabetic patients if the policy for this would work effectively.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2010

목적: 본 연구에서는 콘빔 CT에서 산란선 제거를 위한 aft-multple-slit (AMS) 시스템을 설계하였다. 예비 연구로서 본 시스템의 효용성을 검증하기 위해 MC 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 가상 시뮬레이션은 산란선과 산란선+일차선을 계산할 수 있는 MCNPX의 radiography tally 5를 이용하였다. AMS는 빔의 발산성을 고려한 각이 동일한 아크 형태이고, 길이 방향에서의 산란선을 막는다. AMS의 효용성을 위한 평가는 AMS를 사용하지 않았을 때의 일차선과 산란선을 비교함으로써 수행되었다. 2D projection 영상을 얻기 위해 전체의 AMS는 한번의 캔트리 회전 후 AMS에 의해 가려진 부분의 영상 획득을 위해 다시 한 번 회전하는 구조이다. 결과: 일차선의 2D projection 영상은 모든 AMS의 폭에서 그리고 AMS를 사용하지 않았을 때에도 동일하였으나 일차선+산란선의 2D projection 영상은 slit의 폭에 따라 결과가 변했다. Slit의 폭을 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm로 하였을 때 평균 산란성 제거율은 29%, 15%, 9%, 8%였다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 AMS를 이용한 콘빔 CT의 산란선 제거 효과를 평가하였다. MC 시뮬레이션을 이용한 본 시스템의 사전 연구에서는 상당한 산란선 제거 효과를 보여주었다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1987

The use of alkylating agent cyclophosphamide(CY), a widely used antitumor drug is well known as a potent immunosuppressant and has been used as a probe for investigating the functional capabilities of lymphocyte subsets of both T and B cells that play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. The present study was undertaken in an effort to assess the effects of CY on immunological memory in murine model. CY, given as a single dose of CY(250mg/kg) before sensitization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC) enhanced the primary response of Arthus and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), as measured by footpad swelling reaction, but suppressed their tertiary DTH response. The similar CY pretreatment enhanced both the primary and tertiary hemagglutinin(HA) responses to SRBC, and the tertiary antibody response against polyvinylpyrroridone(PVP), a thymus-independent antigen but not the primary response against PVP. CY, given as a single dose of 250mg/kg 2 days before the primary immunization and two doses of 100mg/kg 2 days before the secondary and tertiary immunization, markedly suppressed the tertiary DTH and HA responses to SRBC. However, CY, given as small multiple daily doses(10mg/kg) over 4 days before sensitization but not after sensitization, enhanced the secondary HA response to SRBC. Contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) was suppressed by the drug, given either as a single large dose(300mg/kg) or as multiple dose(10mg/kg) administered 2 days before, together with or after DNFB sensitization. This suppression was more pronounced and more significant when CY was given as multiple dose. However, the enhancement of the secondary contact sensitivity to DNFB by CY was not clear-cut. The splenectomy appears to increase the enhancing effect of CY on contact sensitivity. These results suggest that CY selectively influences the immune response depending on the time of the drug administration relative to immunization and that the secondary or tertiary immune response involve memory cells with different susceptibilities to CY. Moreover, these results suggest that multiple low doses may sesectivley inhibit suppressor T cell proliferation involving DTH, HA or contact sensitivity without effecting helper T cells, but high doses presumably inhibit helper T cells and suppressor T cells with effecting B cells.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1998년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.254-261
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• 1998

This study presents a discrete optimization of tall steel buildings under multiple drift constraints using a dual method. Dual method can replace the primary optimization problem with a sequence of approximate explicit subproblems. Since each subproblem is convex and separable, it can be efficiently solved by using a dual formulation. Specifically, this study considers the discrete-optimization problem due to the commercial standard steel sections to select member sizes. The results by the proposed method will be compared with those of the conventional optimality criteria method

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2008

근골격계와 소화기계에 동반된 다발성 원발성 종양은 매우 드물다. 52세 남자 환자에서 전완부의 점액섬유육종과 직장의 선암이 동반된 동시성 이중성 원발성종양이 발견되었다. 환자는 1년전부터 발생한 전완부의 통증 및 부종을 주소로 내원하였다. 전완부의 병변은 조직학적으로 점액섬유육종으로 확진되었다. 전신적 검사상 결장경 검사에서 직장의 선암이 발견되었으며 CT 검사상 폐로의 전이와 심장내 종양이 발견되었다. 병리학적 확정진단 후에 전완부의 수술적 절제술과 술 전,후 항암화학요법을 시행하였으며, 환자는 술 후 2달 후에 종양 색전에 의한 폐동맥혈전색전증으로 사망하였다. 저자들은 매우 드문 근골격계와 소화기계에 동반된 다발성 원발성 종양 1례를 경험하였기에 이를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.