• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

The effect of organic solvent mixture ratio on the rheology property of slurry and thickness control of ceramic green sheet was investigated. For selecting a suitable dispersant multiple light scattering method was used to evaluate the particle migration velocity and variation of clarification layer thickness. Using the selected dispersant the dispersion property of solution according to solvent mixture ratio was investigated. Binder and plasticizers were added to formulate slurries and their viscosity was evaluated according to solvent mixture ratio. Ceramic green sheets with average thickness of 30, 50 urn were fabricated via tape casting and their thickness tolerances measured. As a result according to solvent mixture ratio the solution and slurry properties varied and for the mixture ratio of ethanol/toluene of 80/20 the ceramic green sheet with the lowest thickness tolerance was obtained.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.60.1-60.1
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• 2014

The star ${\zeta}$ Ophiuchi (HD 149757) is one of the brightest massive stars in the northern hemisphere and was widely studied in various wavelength domains. We report the analysis results of far ultraviolet (FUV) observations with other wavelengths for around ${\zeta}$ Ophiuchi. We study the correlation of between multi wavelength observations. We have developed a Monte Carlo code that simulates dust scattering of light including multiple encounters. The code is applied to the present Oph HII region to obtain the geometrical information of dust such as distance and thickness. Also We apply three-dimensional photoionization code to model Wisconsin $H{\alpha}$ Mapper observations of the H II region surrounding the star.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.511-523
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• 2021

The World Health Organization provides guidelines for managing the particulate matter (PM) level because a higher PM level represents a threat to human health. To manage the PM level, a procedure for measuring the PM value is first needed. We use a PM sensor that collects the PM level by laser-based light scattering (LLS) method because it is more cost effective than a beta attenuation monitor-based sensor or tapered element oscillating microbalance-based sensor. However, an LLS-based sensor has a higher probability of malfunctioning than the higher cost sensors. In this paper, we regard the overall malfunctioning, including strange value collection or missing collection data as anomalies, and we aim to detect anomalies for the maintenance of PM measuring sensors. We propose a novel architecture for solving the above aim that we call the hypothesis pruning generative adversarial network (HP-GAN). Through comparative experiments, we achieve AUROC and AUPRC values of 0.948 and 0.967, respectively, in the detection of anomalies in LLS-based PM measuring sensors. We conclude that our HP-GAN is a cutting-edge model for anomaly detection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.229-237
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• 2023

The mechanics underlying photon and electron interactions was validated using our developed Brachytherapy computer code for high Dose Rate (HDR). By comparing the photon cross-section utilizing multiple physics libraries in the developed code, the results were benchmarked against experimental and theoretical findings. Klein-Nishina and experimental cross-section results were in good agreement with the Livermore library results. For two therapeutically relevant materials, the first scattered electron range was measured within 1 mm and 2 mm, which has significant implications for the interpretation of the kernel dose spikes observed in previous research.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

In the natural world, most materials such as skin, marble and cloth are translucent. Their appearance is smooth and soft compared with metals or mirrors. In this paper, we propose a new GPU based hierarchical rendering technique for translucent materials, based on the dipole diffusion approximation, at interactive rates. Information of incident light, position, normal, and irradiance, on the surfaces are stored into 2D textures by rendering from a primary light view. Huge numbers of pixel photons are clustered into quad-tree image pyramids. Each pixel, we select clusters (sets of photons), and then we approximate multiple subsurface scattering term with the clusters. We also introduce a novel hierarchical screen-space interpolation technique by exploiting spatial coherence with early-z culling on the GPU. We also build image pyramids of the screen using mipmap and pixel shader. Each pixel of the pyramids is stores position, normal and spatial similarity of children pixels. If a pixel's the similarity is high, we render the pixel and interpolate the pixel to multiple pixels. Result images show that our method can interactively render deformable translucent objects by approximating hundreds of thousand photons with only hundreds clusters without any preprocessing. We use an image-space approach for entire process on the GPU, thus our method is less dependent to scene complexity.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1998

This study is to improve the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and the self-monitoring of blood glucose in people with diabetes by providing a non-invasive method of monitoring blood glucose. A near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer was used to measure absorption spectra of 80 glucose samples ranges from 1 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL, and shows the standard error of prediction 1.8 mg/dL. Also, to investigate the effect of interference in blood, NaCl and sand were added in glucose and found the standard error of prediction of 2.8 mg/dL and 3.8 mg/dL, respectively. A new and more accurate calibration system for the spectrophotometer was developed from systematic study of light scattering, which cause nonlinear spectrophotometer response.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.632-641
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• 2018

Algal dynamics is controlled by multiple environmental factors such as flow dynamics, water temperature, trophic level, and irradiance. Underwater irradiance penetrating from the atmosphere is exponentially decreased in water column due to absorption and scattering by water molecule and suspended particles including phytoplankton. As the exponential decrease in underwater irradiance affects algal photosynthesis, regulating their spatial distribution, it is critical to understand the light extinction characteristics to find out the mechanisms of algal dynamics more systematically. Despite the significance, the recent data have been rarely reported in the main stream areas of large rivers, Korea. In this study, the euphotic depths and light extinction coefficients were determined by monitoring the vertical variation of underwater irradiance and water quality in the main channel of Nakdong River near Dodong Seowon once a week during summer of 2016. The average values of euphotic depth and light extinction coefficient were 4.0 m and $1.3m^{-1}$, respectively. The degree of light extinction increased in turbid water due to flooding, causing an approximate 50 % decrease in euphotic depth. Also, the impact was greater than the self-shading effect during the periods of cyanobacterial bloom. The individual light extinction coefficients for background, total suspended solid and algal levels, frequently used in surface water quality modeling, were determined as $0.305m^{-1}$, $0.090m^{-1}/mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $0.013m^{-1}/{\mu}g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. The values estimated in this study were within or close to the ranges reported in literatures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.261-262
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• 2008

분산제의 종류와 함량이 무기물-유기물 복합재료의 레올로지 특성 및 유전특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 먼저 Multiple light scattering 방법을 통하여 용액의 입자 이동속도와 용액의 맑은층의 두께변화를 살펴보았으며 이를 통해 적정한 분산제의 선정 및 선정된 분산제의 함량비에 따른 무기물 분말의 분산 특성을 고찰하였다. 그리고 테이프 캐스팅을 통하여 테이프를 제작한 후 1GHz에서 유전특성을 측정하였다. 위 결과들을 통하여 분산제의 종류와 함량비에 따라 용액 및 슬러리의 특성이 다르며 적정한 분산제를 사용하여 유전상수 16.5에 유전손실 0.0058의 복합재료를 제작할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.361-366
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• 2011

An in-situ, real-time monitoring of GaN epilayers grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system modified for spectral reflectance was performed. Reflectance spectrums from 190~861 nm were observed using p-polarized light with incident angle of $75^{\circ}$. All reflectance spectrums showed interference oscillation caused by multiple reflection within GaN epilayers, and the spectrum from GaN with low crystalline quality showed weak reflectance intensity and much low amplitude of the oscillation because many defects in GaN resulted in light scattering and absorption. Signal variation of reflected light which was selected around strong constructive wavelength range was also observed during $NH_3$ supplying and $NH_3$ cut-off. There was no significant change in signal intensity when $NH_3$ cut-off for 10 sec, but it showed higher intensity when $NH_3$ was cut off for over 30 sec and its intensity kept unchanged. This result indicates that GaN surface was N-terminated during $NH_3$ supplying but Ga-terminated during $NH_3$ cut-off because of high nitrogen equilibrium vapor pressure of GaN, and metallic Ga-terminated surface caused slightly higher reflectance intensity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2002

Wavelength selection and prediction algorithm for determining hematocrit are investigated. A model based on the difference in optical density induced by the pulsation of heart beat is developed by taking approximation of Twersky's theory on the assumption that the variation of blood vessel size is small during arterial pulsing[1]. A device is constructed with a five-wavelength LED array as light source. The selected wavelengths are two isobestic points and three in compensation for tissue scattering. Data are collected from 549 out-patients who are randomly grouped as calibration and prediction sets. The range of percent hematocrit was 19.3∼51.8. The ratio of the variations of optical density between systole and diastole at two different wavelengths is used as a variable. We selected several such variables that show high reproducibility among all variables. Multiple linear regression analysis is made. The relative percent error is 8% and the standard deviation is 3.67 for the calibration set. The relative % error and standard deviation of the prediction set are 8.2% and 3.69 respectively. We successfully demonstrate the possibility of non-invasive hematocrit measurement, particularly, using the wavelengths below 1000nm.