• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2007

It is a common practice in many research areas that multiple range tests for a between subject factor such as Tukey are applied to a within subject factor in a repeated measures design. Tukey procedure, however, sometimes detects no pairs with different means even when the hypothesis of all equal level means is rejected. This study attempts to provide a rationale for the proposition that Tukey is inappropriate post hoc procedure for a within subject factor in which the observations are correlated. We introduce two multiple range tests, Bonferroni and Scheffe, for a within subject factor and show that Bonferroni is more appropriate than Scheffe for pairwise multiple comparisons. Subsequent simulation study indicates that Tukey has significantly less power than Bonferroni in detecting actual difference between means of some pairs when the observations of a within subject factor are highly correlated.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2007

운전자를 위한 영상처리 시스템에서 도로 위의 움직이는 물체와 고정된 물체의 구분은 매우 중요한 문제이다. 많은 연구자들이 색상과 경계 기반의 추적 시스템은 'distracted' 현상으로 인해 잘못된 결과를 야기 시키는 데 이것은 동시에 모든 점들이 예상을 벗어난 경우에 대한 문제를 다루지 않기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 순차적인 몬테카를로 필터를 사용하여 다중 차량 추적에 대응하며 광학적 흐름 기법의 명암 흐름과 히스토그램 기법의 색상 정보의 분포를 결합하여 실시간 시스템의 강인성과 정확성을 향상시킨다. 또한 고정된 물체의 경우 적응하는 입자 수의 밀도를 줄여 시간이 지남에 따라 추적 대상에서 제외된다. 두 개의 큰 흐름으로 나뉘는데 전자는 움직이는 물체와 고정된 물체를 구분하기 위한 예측 단계에 대하여 설명하고 후자는 센서인 영상으로부터 얻어진 정보를 측정 단계로 사용하여 겹쳐진 영역에 대응하는 방법에 대하여 논한다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

From the viewpoint of applications to manufacturing, data mining is a useful method to find the meaningful knowledge or information about states of processes. But the data from manufacturing processes usually have two characteristics which are multicollinearity and imbalance distribution of data. Two characteristics are main causes which make bias to classification rules and select wrong variables as important variables. In the paper, we propose a new data mining procedure to solve the problem. First, to determine candidate variables, we propose the multiple hypothesis test. Second, to make unbiased classification rules, we propose the decision tree learning method with different weights for each category of quality variable. The experimental result with a real PDP (Plasma display panel) manufacturing data shows that the proposed procedure can make better information than other data mining procedures.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 표적 추적에 널리 사용되는 다중 가설 추적(MHT: Multiple Hypothesis Tracking) 알고리듬의 추적 성능을 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. MHT 알고리듬은 최적의 베이시안 필터로서, 측정된 데이터를 기초로 가능한 가설들을 구성하고, 각 가설들의 확률을 구하게 된다. 모든 측정치들은 관심 있는 실제 표적에서 기인할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 새로운 표적이거나 표적이외의 거짓에서 발생할 수도 있다는 사건을 고려하고 있기 때문에 다른 여러 추적 필터에 비해 MHT 알고리듬은 우수한 추적성능을 가지고 있다고 알려져 있다. 측정 데이터와 무관하게 추적기의 성능을 표현하기 위해서 HYCA(Hybrid Conditional Average)방법을 이용하여 MHT 알고리듬에서 발생하는 모든 가설 확률의 기대 값을 구한 후, 이를 이용하여 성능을 예측하는 방법을 제시한다. 수치실험을 통하여 이 논문에서 제시한 성능 예측이 타당함을 보인다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2011

Previous laboratory studies have shown that prosodic structures are encoded in the modulations of phonetic patterns of speech including suprasegmental as well as segmental features. Drawing on a prosodically annotated large-scale speech data from the Buckeye corpus of conversational speech of American English, the current study first evaluated the reliability of prosody annotation by a large number of ordinary listeners and later examined whether and how prosodic prominence influences the phonetic realization of multiple acoustic parameters in everyday conversational speech. The results showed that all the measures of acoustic parameters including pitch, loudness, duration, and spectral balance are increased when heard as prominent. These findings suggest that prosodic prominence enhances the phonetic characteristics of the acoustic parameters. The results also showed that the degree of phonetic enhancement vary depending on the types of the acoustic parameters. With respect to the formant structure, the findings from the present study more consistently support Sonority Expansion Hypothesis than Hyperarticulation Hypothesis, showing that the lexically stressed vowels are hyperarticulated only when hyperarticulation does not interfere with sonority expansion. Taken all into account, the present study showed that prosodic prominence modulates the phonetic realization of the acoustic parameters to the direction of the phonetic strengthening in everyday conversational speech and ordinary listeners are attentive to such phonetic variation associated with prosody in speech perception. However, the present study also showed that in everyday conversational speech there is no single dominant acoustic measure signaling prosodic prominence and listeners must attend to such small acoustic variation or integrate acoustic information from multiple acoustic parameters in prosody perception.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 다중 가설 기법을 이용한 차량 항법용 지도 정합법을 제안하였다. 다중가설기법을 지도 정합에 도입하기 위하여 GPS/DR 센서 출력 부근의 도로에 대하여 의사 측정치를 정의하였으며, 이를 이용하여 단일 표적문제로 다중 가설 기법을 유도하였다. 가설에 대한 확률식을 유도할 때 GPS/DR 센서 출력뿐만 아니라 디지털 지도의 위상정보가 포함되도록 하였다. 또한 지도 정합 성능의 향상을 위하여 디지털 지도의 바이어스 오차를 보상하기 위한 바이어스 칼만 필터를 제안하였다. 주행 실험결과 제안한 지도 정합법은 도로 밀집지역, 입체도로지역 등 지도 정합이 어려운 지역에서도 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.121-135
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• 1993

This study was to investigate the relationship between the level of life satisfaction of middle-aged woman and that of the family cohesion and adaptibility, the subjects were 243 married women aged from 40 to 59 years old. The survey instruments were Life Satisfaction Scale and FACESⅢ by using SPSSPC+ program package, especially ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results were as follows; 1. The overall levels of life satisfaction were middling. 2. The family cohesions were relatively high, adaptibility middling. 3. 1) The levels of life satisfaction were different according to their ages, frequencies of leisure activities, and levels of household income. 2) The levels of life satisfaction were different according to the levels of the family adaptibility and cohesion. 3) Dividing the family type into tow part by the levels of cohesion and adaptibility, the levels of life satisfaction had no differences in typeⅠ based on curvilinea hypothesis, but those of life satisfaction had differences in typeⅡ on linear hypothesis. 4. The results of stepwise multiple regression ; the variables having an effects on the level of life satisfaction were revealed cohesion, frequencies of leisure activities, and the level of household income, and their explanatory power 33%.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.971-984
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• 2015

Imputation procedures fill-in missing values, thereby enabling complete data analyses. Fully efficient fractional imputation (FEFI) and multiple imputation (MI) create multiple versions of the missing observations, thereby reflecting uncertainty about their true values. Methods have been described for hypothesis testing with multiple imputation. Fractional imputation assigns weights to the observed data to compensate for missing values. The focus of this article is the development of tests of independence using FEFI for partially classified two-way contingency tables. Wald and deviance tests of independence under FEFI are proposed. Simulations are used to compare type I error rates and Power. The partially observed marginal information is useful for estimating the joint distribution of cell probabilities, but it is not useful for testing association. FEFI compares favorably to other methods in simulations.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2017

This study was to examine how consumption value of female consumers affects impulse consumption and purchase satisfaction when they buy bakery goods, present specific determinant factors that affect them, and identify its influencing factors. The survey was conducted with those who have bought bakery goods of female consumers in Seoul and Kyonggi area, using a convenience sampling method. After a total of 400 responses was collected, 366 responses were included for the multiple regression analyses in order to test the hypotheses. To summarize findings from this study, analysis of the first hypothesis showed that "emotional impulse buying," "stimulating impulse buying," "reminder impulse buying," and "situational impulse buying" among impulse buying factors in consumption value factors had positive effects. The second hypothesis analyzed that "emotional impulse buying," "stimulating impulse buying," and "situational impulse buying" gave positive impacts on "purchase satisfaction," while "reminder impulse buying" had no influence. Analysis of the third hypothesis demonstrated that "consumption value" had positive effects on "purchase satisfaction." These findings were significant to examine consumption value that show the consuming pattern of consumers, analyze influencing factors on impulse buying of female consumers, and further present marketing strategies used for advantageous tools with competing stores to bakery owners or marketers.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to conduct factor analysis on Foodservice consumers' lifestyle patterns in dietary life, classify lifestyle patterns, and identify how lifestyle patterns influence the 5 stages of decision making process for purchase. Among 300 copies of the distributed questionnaire, 259 copies were collected for this study. It used a total of 283 copies as the effective samples for empirical analysis except 12 copies with false entries among them. For data analysis, it conducted frequency analysis, validity and reliability analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 12.0. As a result, Hypothesis 1 was significant while Hypothesis 2, 3, and 5 were partially significant. On the contrary, Hypothesis 4 was not significant. Therefore, lifestyle patterns had partially significant effects on decision making process for dining-out purchase. This study subdivided dining-out consumers' lifestyles which were limited to dietary life, and also subdivided decision making process for dining-out consumers' dining-out purchase into five stages. It is significant and very suggestive that this study identified what lifestyle patterns concretely had significant effects on the specific decision making stage. In the future, the researches on adolescent class and silver class should be executed continuously.