• 한국음향학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2023

얇은 패널에서 음향 정보를 전달하기 위해서 단일 지점을 가진하는 방법은 패널 자체의 진동 특성의 영향으로 방사되는 음장에 영향을 끼치게 된다. 기존의 패널 자체를 방사체로 활용 하고자 하는 스피커 시스템은 단일 또는 스테레오 사운드 제공 목적으로 음원이 되도록 하는 패널 특정 위치에 부착된 가진기를 이용하게 된다. 이렇게 방사하는 음향은 판이 갖는 모달 특성으로 인해 쉽게 왜곡될 수 있어 충분한 음향 파워를 갖거나 높은 방사효율을 기대하기 어렵다. 또한, 몰입감 높은 음장을 구현하기 위해서 한정된 가진기를 이용하는데 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 얇은 패널에 고정적으로 부착된 가진기를 이용하여, 패널 임의의 위치에서 음향이 방사되도록 진동-음향 역문제적 기법을 이용하여 진동장을 제어하도록 스피커 영역을 렌더링하여 제어하는 기법에 대해 다루었다. 국소화된 스피커 영역을 패널에서 생성하여 음원의 위치를 변화 시킬 수 있도록 하고, 가지기의 배치와 구현 가능한 스피커 영역의 위치 간 관계를 모사실험을 통해 제어 결과를 비교 및 검토하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.51-73
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• 2020

The present paper investigates the simultaneous resonance behavior of spiral stiffened multilayer functionally graded (SSMFG) cylindrical shells with internal and external functionally graded stiffeners under the two-term large amplitude excitations. The structure is embedded within a generalized nonlinear viscoelastic foundation which is composed of a two-parameter Winkler-Pasternak foundation augmented by a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model with a nonlinear cubic stiffness. The cylindrical shell has three layers consist of ceramic, FGM, and metal. The exterior layer of the cylindrical shell is rich ceramic while the interior layer is rich metal and the functionally graded material layer is located between these layers. With regard to classical shells theory, von-Kármán equation, and Hook law, the relations of stress-strain are derived for shell and stiffeners. The spiral stiffeners of the cylindrical shell are modeled according to the smeared stiffener technique. According to the Galerkin method, the discretized motion equation is obtained. The simultaneous resonance is obtained using the multiple scales method. Finally, the influences of different material and geometrical parameters on the system resonances are investigated comprehensively.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

다지점지진하중(多支點地震荷重)을 받는 사경문(四徑問) 연속철도교양(連續鐵道橋梁)의 동적거동(動的擧動)을 응답(應答)스펙트럼법(法)에 의하여 조사(調査)하였다. 소진복(小振福)의 진동(振動)과 재료(材料)의 선형(線形)-탄성거동(彈性擧動)을 가정(假定)하였으며, 지반(地盤)-구조물(構造物) 상호작용(相互作用) 효과(效果)는 무시(無視)하였고, 교량(橋梁)의 횡방향(橫方向) 등답(應答)만을 고려(考慮)하였다. 응답(應答)스펙트럼해석(解析)의 결과(結果)는 시간이력해석결과(時間履歷解析結果)와 비교(比較)되었으며 모우드 최대치(最大値)와 지지점운동(支持點運動)의 중량(重量)은 여러가지 조합법칙(組合法則) 즉(卽), Square-Root-Of-Sum-Squares, Double Sum, 그리고 P-Norm Rule을 적용(適用)하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2008

This paper presents the study on the stability of nonlinear oscillations of a thin cantilever beam subject to harmonic base excitation in vertical direction. Two partial differential governing equations under combined parametric and external excitations were derived and converted into two-degree-of-freedom ordinary differential Mathieu equations by using the Galerkin method. We used the method of multiple scales in order to analyze one-to-one combination resonance. From these, we could obtain the eigenvalue problem and analyze the stability of the system. From the thin cantilever experiment using foamax, we could observe the nonlinear modes of bending, twisting, sway, and snap-through buckling. In addition to qualitative information, the experiment using aluminum gave also the quantitative information for the stability of combination resonance of a thin cantilever beam under parametric excitation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.185-199
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• 2020

A computationally-efficient method for multi-criteria optimisation is developed for performance-based seismic design of friction energy dissipation dampers in RC structures. The proposed method is based on the concept of Uniform Distribution of Deformation (UDD), where the slip-load distribution along the height of the structure is gradually modified to satisfy multiple performance targets while minimising the additional loads imposed on existing structural elements and foundation. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated through optimisation of 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20-storey RC frames with friction wall dampers subjected to design representative earthquakes using single and multi-criteria optimisation scenarios. The optimum design solutions are obtained in only a few steps, while they are shown to be independent of the selected initial slip loads and convergence factor. Optimum frames satisfy all predefined design targets and exhibit up to 48% lower imposed loads compared to designs using a previously proposed slip-load distribution. It is also shown that dampers designed with optimum slip load patterns based on a set of spectrum-compatible synthetic earthquakes, on average, provide acceptable design solutions under multiple natural seismic excitations representing the design spectrum.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.329-344
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• 2009

Ultrasonic chaotic excitations combined with sensor prediction algorithms have shown the ability to identify incipient damage (loss of preload) in a bolted joint. In this study we examine a physical experiment on a single-bolt aluminum lap joint as well as a three-dimensional physics-based simulation designed to model the behavior of guided ultrasonic waves through a similarly configured joint. A multiple bolt frame structure is also experimentally examined. In the physical experiment each signal is imparted to the structure through a macro-fiber composite (MFC) patch on one side of the lap joint and sensed using an equivalent MFC patch on the opposite side of the joint. The model applies the waveform via direct nodal displacement and 'senses' the resulting displacement using an average of the nodal strain over an area equivalent to the MFC patch. A novel statistical classification feature is developed from information theory concepts of cross-prediction and interdependence. This damage detection algorithm is used to evaluate multiple damage levels and locations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.429-441
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• 2022

A probabilistic assessment of the seismic-excited buildings with a multiple-tuned-mass-damper (MTMD) system is carried out in the presence of uncertainties of the structural model, MTMD system, and the stochastic model of the seismic excitations. A free search optimization procedure of the individual mass, stiffness and, damping parameters of the MTMD system based on the snap-drift cuckoo search (SDCS) optimization algorithm is proposed for the optimal design of the MTMD system. Considering a 10-story structure in three cases equipped with single tuned mass damper (STMS), 5-TMD and 10-TMD, sensitivity analyses are carried out using Sobol' indices based on the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. Considering different seismic performance levels, the reliability analyses are done using MCS and kriging-based MCS methods. The results show the maximum structural responses are more affected by changes in the PGA and the stiffness coefficients of the structural floors and TMDs. The results indicate the kriging-based MCS method can estimate the accurate amount of failure probability by spending less time than the MCS. The results also show the MTMD gives a significant reduction in the structural failure probability. The effect of the MTMD on the reduction of the failure probability is remarkable in the performance levels of life safety and collapse prevention. The maximum drift of floors may be reduced for the nominal structural system by increasing the TMDs, however, the complexity of the MTMD model and increasing its corresponding uncertainty sources can be caused a slight increase in the failure probability of the structure.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.335-351
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• 2023

This research studies the primary resonance and nonlinear vibratory responses of multilayer functionally graded shallow (MFGS) shells under external excitations. The shells considered with functionally graded porous (FGP) core and resting on two types of nonlinear viscoelastic foundations (NVEF) governed by either a linear model with two parameters of Winkler and Pasternak foundations or a nonlinear model of hardening/softening cubic stiffness augmented by a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model. The shells considered have three layers, sandwiched by functionally graded (FG), FGP, and FG materials. To investigate the influence of various porosity distributions, two types of FGP middle layer cores are considered. With the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), Hooke's law, and von-Kármán equation, the stress-strain relations for the MFGS shells with FGP core are developed. The governing equations of the shells are consequently derived. For the sake of higher accuracy and reliability, the P-T method is implemented in numerically analyzing the vibration, and the method of multiple scales (MMS) as one of the perturbation methods is used to investigate the primary resonance. The results of the present research are verified with the results available in the literature. The analytical results are compared with the P-T method. The influences of material, geometry, and nonlinear viscoelastic foundation parameters on the responses of the shells are illustrated.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.140-143
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• 2003

Recently, many high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) bearing wall structures of multiple occupancy have been constructed, which have the irregularities of weak (or soft) story and torsion at the lower stories simultaneously. The study compared the eccentricity of such a building predicted by design codes, EC 8, IBC 2000 and UBC 97, and by the test results through a series of shaking table tests of 1:12 model. Based on the comparison of the predicted eccentricity and the test result, the conclusions are drawn as follow: Accidental torsion due to the uncertainty on the properties of structure can be reasonably predicted by using the dynamic analysis with the center of mass being shifted by 5 percent of the dimension of the building perpendicular to the direction of the excitations than by using equivalent lateral force procedure

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1993

삼 자유도를 가진 부유물체의 동적 응답을 이론적으로 연구하였다. 평면내 방향 운동모우드에 대한 지배방정식을 선형화한 후, 그들의 조화해를 평명밖 방향 운동모우드의 방정식과 연성시켰다. 그렇게 해서 주어지는 방정식은 시간에 따라 변화하는 계수를 가진 형태로서, 평면밖 방향의 운동만을 보일 것으로 예측되는 부유물체가 평면밖 방향의 운동을 보일 수도 있음을 밝혔다. 동역학적 불안정성과 그 결과로 나타나는 평면밖 방향의 대진폭 운동을 보이고 있다. 본 결과는 주기적으로 동요하는 부유물체가 서로 연성된 운동을 하는 현상으로도 해석할 수 있다.