• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2019

국내 고준위 방사성폐기물 심층처분시스템에 대한 프로세스 기반의 종합성능평가체계(APro) 개발을 위하여 사용자 편의성이 향상된 모델링 인터페이스를 구축하였다. APro의 모델링 인터페이스는 프로그래밍 언어인 MATLAB을 이용하여 구축되었고, 다중물리현상 모사가 가능한 COMSOL과 지화학반응 계산이 가능한 PHREEQC를 계산 엔진으로 활용하여 연산자분리 방식을 적용하였다. APro는 모델링 영역을 기존의 정형화된 처분시스템으로 제한함으로써 모델의 자유도는 낮지만, 사용자 편의성을 향상시켰다. 처분시스템에서 고려되는 주요 현상들을 모듈화하였고, 이를 "Default process"와 다수의 "Alternative process"로 구분하여 사용자가 선택할 수 있도록 함으로써 모델의 유연성을 높였다. APro는 크게 입력자료 부분과 계산실행 부분으로 구성된다. 기본 입력자료는 하나의 EXCEL 파일에 일정한 포맷으로 정리되고, 계산실행 부분은 MATLAB을 이용하여 코딩되었다. 최종적인 전체 계산 결과는 독립적인 COMSOL 파일 형태로 생성되도록 하여 COMSOL을 이용한 계산 결과의 후처리가 가능하도록 하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.450-458
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• 2019

연구목적: 본 연구는 기존 오수받이의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 새로운 오수받이 개발 및 개발한 오수받이의 유지관리 능력의 우수성 검증을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 기존 오수받이 막힘 현상 및 유지관리 어려움 등의 문제점을 분석하고 시뮬레이션을 활용한 오수받이 트랩에서의 유체거동 특성을 분석하였다. 아울러, 배수트랩의 장기사용성 검증을 통해 새로이 개발한 오수받이의 내구성을 검증 하였다. 연구결과: 배수트랩 막힘 현상에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과 유속 0.6m/sec에서 소용돌이현상 및 막힘 현상이 발생하지 않았으며 6개월간에 걸친 장기간 사용테스트를 통해 배수트랩 개폐장치 등의 내구성에 이상이 없음을 검증하였다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 기존 오수받이의 막힘 현상 및 유지관리의 어려움을 해결할 새로운 오수받이를 개발하였으며 시뮬레이션 및 내구성 검증을 통해 새로 개발한 오수받이의 유지관리 능력의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2021

Background: Artificial grafts such as polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) are used for various cardiovascular surgical procedures. The compliance properties of prosthetic grafts could affect hemodynamic energy, which can be measured using the energy-equivalent pressure (EEP) and surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE). We investigated changes in the hemodynamic energy of prosthetic grafts. Methods: In a simulation test, the changes in EEP for these grafts were estimated using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. The Young modulus, Poisson ratio, and density were used to analyze the grafts' material properties, and pre- and post-graft EEP values were obtained by computing the product of the pressure and velocity. In an in vivo study, Dacron and ePTFE grafts were anastomosed in an end-to-side fashion on the descending thoracic aorta of swine. The pulsatile pump flow was fixed at 2 L/min. Real-time flow and pressure were measured at the distal part of each graft, while clamping the other graft and the descending thoracic aorta. EEP and SHE were calculated and compared. Results: In the simulation test, the mean arterial pressure decreased by 39% for all simulations. EEP decreased by 42% for both grafts, and by around 55% for the native blood vessels after grafting. The in vivo test showed no significant difference between both grafts in terms of EEP and SHE. Conclusion: The post-graft hemodynamic energy was not different between the Dacron and ePTFE grafts. Artificial grafts are less compliant than native blood vessels; however, they can deliver pulsatile blood flow and hemodynamic energy without any significant energy loss.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.3059-3072
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• 2022

A Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov Two-Nodal Coarse Mesh Finite Difference algorithm based on Nodal Expansion Method (NEM_TNCMFD_JFNK) is successfully developed and proposed to solve the three-dimensional (3D) and multi-group reactor physics models. In the NEM_TNCMFD_JFNK method, the efficient JFNK method with the Modified Incomplete LU (MILU) preconditioner is integrated and applied into the discrete systems of the NEM-based two-node CMFD method by constructing the residual functions of only the nodal average fluxes and the eigenvalue. All the nonlinear corrective nodal coupling coefficients are updated on the basis of two-nodal NEM formulation including the discontinuity factor in every few newton steps. All the expansion coefficients and interface currents of the two-node NEM need not be chosen as the solution variables to evaluate the residual functions of the NEM_TNCMFD_JFNK method, therefore, the NEM_TNCMFD_JFNK method can greatly reduce the number of solution variables and the computational cost compared with the JFNK based on the conventional NEM. Finally the NEM_TNCMFD_JFNK code is developed and then analyzed by simulating the representative PWR MOX/UO₂ core benchmark, the popular NEACRP 3D core benchmark and the complicated full-core pin-by-pin homogenous core model. Numerical solutions show that the proposed NEM_TNCMFD_JFNK method with the MILU preconditioner has the good numerical accuracy and can obtain higher computational efficiency than the NEM-based two-node CMFD algorithm with the power method in the outer iteration and the Krylov method using the MILU preconditioner in the inner iteration, which indicates the NEM_TNCMFD_JFNK method can serve as a potential and efficient numerical tool for reactor neutron diffusion analysis module in the JFNK-based multiphysics coupling application.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2023

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurs when abdominal pressure increases, such as sneezing, exercising, and laughing. Surgical and non-surgical treatments are the common methods of SUI treatment; however, the conventional treatments still require continuous and invasive treatment. Laser have been used to treat SUI, but excessive temperature increase often causes thermal burn on urethra tissue. Therefore, the optimal conditions must be considered to minimize the thermal damage for the laser treatment. The current study investigated the feasibility of the laser irradiation condition for SUI treatment using non-ablative 980 nm laser from a safety perspective through numerical simulations. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to analyze the numerical simulation model. The Pennes bioheat equation with the Beer's law was used to confirm spatio-temporal temperature distributions, and Arrhenius equation defined the thermal damage caused by the laser-induced heat. Ex vivo porcine urethral tissue was tested to validate the extent of both temperature distribution and thermal damage. The temperature distribution was symmetrical and uniformly observed in the urethra tissue. A muscle layer had a higher temperature (28.3 ℃) than mucosal (23.4 ℃) and submucosal layers (25.5 ℃). MT staining revealed no heat-induced collagen and muscle damage. Both control and treated groups showed the equivalent thickness and area of the urethral mucosal layer. Therefore, the proposed numerical simulation can predict the appropriate irradiation condition (20 W for 15 s) for the SUI treatment with minimal temperature-induced tissue.

• 센서학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2022

Piezoelectric energy harvesting has attracted increasing attention over the last decade as a means for generating sustainable and long-lasting energy from wasted mechanical energy. To develop self-powered wearable devices, piezoelectric materials should be flexible, stretchable, and bio-eco-friendly. This study proposed the fabrication of stretchable piezoelectric composites via dispersing perovskite-structured BaTiO₃ nanoparticles inside an Ecoflex polymeric matrix. In particular, the stretchable piezoelectric sensor array was fabricated via a simple and cost-effective spin-coating process by exploiting the piezoelectric composite comprising of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles, Ecoflex matrix, and stretchable Ag coated textile electrodes. The fabricated sensor generated an output voltage of ~4.3 V under repeated compressing deformations. Moreover, the piezoelectric sensor array exhibited robust mechanical stability during mechanical pushing of ~5,000 cycles. Finite element method with multiphysics COMSOL simulation program was employed to support the experimental output performance of the fabricated device. Finally, the stretchable piezoelectric sensor array can be used as a self-powered touch sensor that can effectively detect and distinguish mechanical stimuli, such as pressing by a human finger. The fabricated sensor demonstrated potential to be used in a stretchable, lead-free, and scalable piezoelectric sensor array.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3150-3163
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• 2023

To improve the performance of blanket: maximizing the tritium breeding rate (TBR) for tritium self-sufficiency, and minimizing the Dose of backplate for radiation protection, most previous studies are based on manual corrections to adjust the blanket structure to achieve optimization design, but it is difficult to find an optimal structure and tends to be trapped by local optimizations as it involves multiphysics field design, which is also inefficient and time-consuming process. The artificial intelligence (AI) maybe is a potential method for the optimization design of the blanket. So, this paper aims to develop an intelligent optimization method based on an improved multi-objective NSGA-III algorithm and an adaptive BP neural network to solve these problems mentioned above. This method has been applied on optimizing the radial arrangement of a conceptual design of CFETR HCSB blanket. Finally, a series of optimal radial arrangements are obtained under the constraints that the temperature of each component of the blanket does not exceed the limit and the radial length remains unchanged, the efficiency of the blanket optimization design is significantly improved. This study will provide a clue and inspiration for the application of artificial intelligence technology in the optimization design of blanket.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2023

수중 소음 공해는 해양 환경에 막대한 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 기포층을 갖는 구조물의 음향 방사 효율을 추정하기 위한 간이 해석법을 제안하였다. 선행 연구 결과를 바탕으로 공기층에 의한 삽입 손실은 감쇠량과 동등하다고 가정하고, 기포층에 의한 삽입 손실은 수치해석 결과의 후처리 기법을 사용하여 계산되었다. 제안된 방법의 검증을 위해 판 구조물에 대한 음향-구조 완전 연성 해석을 수행하였다. 음향-구조 완전 연성 해석은 상용 유한 요소 프로그램 COMSOL Multiphysics를 사용하여 수행되었으며, 기포층의 음향 특성은 Commander 및 Prosperetti 이론을 사용하여 구현하였다. 음향 방사 효율 비교를 통해 간이 해석법과 완전 연성 해석 결과의 경향이 유사함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 기포층을 갖는 쐐기 구조물의 방사 효율 메커니즘을 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.2230-2245
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• 2023

KANT (KAIST Advanced Nuclear Tachygraphy) is a PWR core simulator recently developed at Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology, which solves three-dimensional steady-state and transient multigroup neutron diffusion equations under Cartesian geometries alongside the incorporation of thermal-hydraulics feedback effect for multi-physics calculation. It utilizes the standard Nodal Expansion Method (NEM) accelerated with various Coarse Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD) methods for neutronics calculation. For thermal-hydraulics (TH) calculation, a single-phase flow model and a one-dimensional cylindrical fuel rod heat conduction model are employed. The time-dependent neutronics and TH calculations are numerically solved through an implicit Euler scheme, where a detailed coupling strategy is presented in this paper alongside a description of nodal equivalence, macroscopic depletion, and pin power reconstruction. For validation of the steady, transient, and depletion calculation with pin power reconstruction capacity of KANT, solutions for various benchmark problems are presented. The IAEA 3-D PWR and 4-group KOEBERG problems were considered for the steady-state reactor benchmark problem. For transient calculations, LMW (Lagenbuch, Maurer and Werner) LWR and NEACRP 3-D PWR benchmarks were solved, where the latter problem includes thermal-hydraulics feedback. For macroscopic depletion with pin power reconstruction, a small PWR problem modified with KAIST benchmark model was solved. For validation of the multi-physics analysis capability of KANT concerning large-sized PWRs, the BEAVRS Cycle1 benchmark has been considered. It was found that KANT solutions are accurate and consistent compared to other published works.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2023

Drone based Magnetic Anomaly Detection measure a magnetic anomaly signal from the ferromagnetic target on the ground. We conduct a magnetic anomaly detection with 9 ferromagnetic targets on the ground. By removing the magnetic field measured in the absence of ferromagnetic targets from the experimental value, the magnetic anomaly signal is clearly measured at an altitude of 100 m. We analyze the signal characteristics by the ferromagnetic target through simulation using COMSOL multiphysics. The simulation results are within the GPS error range of the experimental results.