• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2020

The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (LDMCF) is widely used for breast reconstruction. However, it has the disadvantage of frequent seroma formation at the donor site, and late seroma has also been reported. The authors report histological findings after the surgical treatment of a late, repeatedly recurrent seroma at 10 years after breast reconstruction with LDMCF. In 2008, a 66-year-old female patient underwent immediate breast reconstruction with LDMCF. In 2015, a late seroma was found at the donor site. After aspiration and drainage, the seroma recurred again in 2018. Total surgical excision of the seroma was performed and bloody-appearing fluid was identified in the capsule. The excised tissue was biopsied. Histological examination revealed no evidence of blood in the fluid, and multinucleated giant cells with amorphous eosinophilic proteinaceous material were identified. The cyst was suggestive of chronic granulomatous inflammation. There was no recurrence at 8 months postoperatively. The patient described herein underwent surgical treatment of late seroma that recurred after immediate breast reconstruction with LDMCF, and histological findings were identified. These results may be helpful for other future studies regarding late seroma after breast reconstruction with LDMCF.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

A case of aspergillosis in 39-day-old layer chickens having a history of gradual emaciation and subsequently death with nervous signs such as torticollis and lack of equilibrium was documented. Based on the results from serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, this flock was not affected with known viral or bacterial diseases. On postmortem examination of the affected birds, multiple white to yellow nodules measuring 1~5 mm in diameter were observed in the lungs, cerebrum, liver and kidney. Microscopically, these nodules were identified as granulomatous lesions characterized by mixed population of multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes. By periodic acid-schiff staining and nucleotide sequencing analysis, Aspergillus flavus with characteristic septate and branched hyphae were identified in the granuloma of lung and cerebrum. This case was a chronic and multisystemic aspergillosis specialized to central nervous system caused by Aspergillus flavus infection in the layer flocks.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 1998

The purpose of this stuffy was to assess and compare the osseous responses to implanted particles of porous synthetic HA (Interpore $200^{(R)}$, Interpore International, U.S.A.), resorbable natural bovine derived HA (Bio-$oss^{(R)}$, Gestlich Pharma, Switzerland) and calcium carbonate(Biocoral $450^{(R)}$, Inoteb, France) in bone defects. Four calvarial defects of 2.5mm diameter were created in earth of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental materials were subsequently implanted hi three defects, leaving the fourth defect for control purpose. Four animals were earth sacrificed at 3 days, 1week, 2weeks and 4 weeks after surgery. The tissue response was evaluated under light microscope. Overall, histologic responses showed that all the particles were well tolerated and caused no aberrent tissue responses. There were difference in the amount of newly formed bone at the experimental sites and control site. There was more new bone formation associated with calcium carbonate site. In addition, the calcium carbonate site displayed multinucleated giant cells surrounding calcium carbonate particles after the 1st week, and osteoid tissue within the particle after the 2nd week. After 4 weeks, calcium carbonate particles were resorbed and replaced with new bone. The healing of the natural bovine derived HA site was similar to that of porous synthetic HA, except that new bone growth between the two particles have progressed more in the former site after the 2nd week. In the natural bovine derived HA site, the particle was surrounded by newly formed bone after the 4th week. After 4 weeks, the control site showed more mature bone than other sites. In conclusion, the grafted site were better in new bone formation than non-grafted sites. In particular the calcium Carbonate site showed the ability of osteoinduction and natural bovine denver HA showed osteoconduction in rat calvarial defects. This suggest that calcium carbonate and natural bovine derived HA could enhance the regenerative potential in periodontal defects.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.393-406
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• 2007

Bovine tuberculosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of this disease in cattle, is also a pathogen for humans and several economically important animals. The cases of tuberculosis are reported in two cow found at slaughter house located in Gwangju city. Histopathologically, in the lymph nodes, granulomas consisted of large areas of necrosis surrounded by variable thick bands of cellular infiltrate containing macrophages, Langhans-type multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes. Lesions in the lung followed the same developmental pattern as did lesions in the lymph nodes with some exceptions. With the acid-fast staining, numerous mycobacteria were revealed in the lung and lymph nodes. M bovis was confirmed as a causative agent in these cattle using bacterial isolation and PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism method based on a unique 12.7 kb fragment insertion sequence from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome and the pncA polymorphism, The insertion element IS6110 and IS1081 were present M bovis isolated from lungs and lymph nodes of cattle using PCR assay. These cases are interesting and important in public health aspect that M bovis-infected cattle were found during a routine post-mortem inspection at slaughter house.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.431-451
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• 1998

4 beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 15 to 16 Kg were utilized in this study. Experimental dehiscent defects were made in the mandibular edentulous area after removal of lower premolar. e-PTFE membrane resorbable membrane, and PDGF-BB-loaded resorbable membrane were covered at the dehiscent defects around the dental implants respectively. Animal was sacrificed at 1, 2, 3 months respectively. Non-decalicifed specimens were made and mutiple-stained for light microscopic study. The results were as follows: 1. Dehiscent defects around the implant installed in the beagle dog were an excellent defect model for studying guided bone regeneration. 2. Fibroblasts penetrated into expanded-PTFE membrane was observed and inflammatory cell infiltration was also observed around the membrane. 3. Resorbable membrane was degradaded and resorbed at 1 month after application to the dehiscent defect. Though multinucleated giant cells were observed adjacent to the membrane, that had no reverse effect on the boe regeneration. 4. PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane was same capability as the resorbable membrane and e-PTFE membrane in the guided bone regeneration. 5. PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane-applied site was better than resorbable membrane-applied site in the speed and maturity of bone formation. Within the above results, it was suggested that PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane might have same bone regeneration capacity as nonresorbable membrane in the dehisced implant of the beagle dog and potentiality to use in human subjects.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.382-386
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• 2023

A 2-year-old, 12.5 kg, castrated male, mixed-breed dog was presented with a 1-year history of pruritus and progressive alopecia. On physical examination, no remarkable findings were detected including body condition score (5/9). A dermatological examination of the dog revealed generalized erythema, papules or plaques, especially on the face, auricle, dorsum, and shoulder. A fine-needle aspiration of the dorsum and face lesions revealed various numbers of macrophages with foamy cytoplasm and multinucleated giant cells. A bacterial culture test showed the growth of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. A complete blood cell count was unremarkable and biochemical abnormalities included hyperglobulinemia (4.8 g/dL, reference interval 2.5-4.5 g/dL), mild hypertriglyceridemia (277 mg/dL, reference interval 10-100 mg/dL) and mild hypercholesterolemia (383 mg/dL, reference interval 110-320 mg/dL). Additional diagnostic tests were performed to identify the underlying cause of hyperlipidemia. Canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (<50 ng/mL, reference interval 0-200 ng/mL) and total T4 (1.4 ㎍/dL, reference interval 1.1-5.6 ㎍/dL) were within the reference intervals. For a definitive diagnosis, skin biopsy specimen was collected from the papular lesions on the dorsum by using a 4 mm biopsy punch. A histopathological examination revealed numerous large macrophages with abundant foamy cytoplasm in the dermis. The foamy macrophages were located diffusely between the collagen fibers. Extracellular amorphous lipid deposits were also presented in the dermal tissue. A definitive diagnosis of cutaneous xanthoma was made based on clinical signs and cytological and histopathological results.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 1996

Multiplication of Herpes simplex virus type-1 was observed by electronmicroscopy, a gene library of the genome was constructed and thymidine kinase gene was cloned. Vero cells infected with the virus were lysed 48 h p.j. and multinucleated giant cells were observed approximately at 72 h p.i. The nucleocapsids were observed in nuclei and cytoplasm, and the assembled nucleocapsids were budded out through the vacuole and cytoplasmic membranes, and then virions were released from the cells. HSV-1 genome DNA was digested with BamHI and BglII enzymes and then the gene library of the genome fragments were constructed. The BamHI cleaved the genome DNA into twenty-seven fragments in the range of 1.1 - 14 kb, and BglII cleaved the genome DNA into sixteen fragments in the range of $4.5{\sim}20.1\;kb$. The pHLA-12 and pHLB-4 recombinant plasmids were contained TK gene by Southern blot analysis. The molecular sizes of the fragments which contained the TK gene were 3.74 in pHLA-12 and 6.41kb in pHLB-4 recombinant plasmid, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2007

Titanium or titanium alloy is a widely used implant material according to its certified biocompatibility, sufficient strength and ready availability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative biocompatibility of titanium and titanium alloy specimens (Ti-29Nb-13Ta, TiNb and Ti-6Al-4V, Ti64) using in vivo and in vitro methods. For in vivo experiment, the specimens were implanted in the abdominal subcutaneous region of female mice for 2 and 4 weeks. The reaction of connective tissue to specimens was evaluated histologically. The specimens were encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue consisting of fibroblast, fibrocyte and other cells including neutrophil, macrophage, giant multinucleated cell and unidentified cells. Some newly formed blood vessels were located in the fibrous capsule surrounding the implant. Cell types and the thickness of fibrous capsules were examined quantitatively. Most of cell types located in the fibrous capsule were fibroblasts and fibrocytes. The average thickness of fibrous capsules for the TiNb specimens was much thinner than that of the titanium alloy, Ti64. The thickness of the fibrous capsule around all titanium specimens decreased at 4 weeks compared to 2 weeks post-implantation. The biocompatibility of titanium and titanium alloy specimens were also investigated in in vitro method using alkaline phosphatase from MG-63 cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity of the TiNb specimen showed higher activity than the titanium alloy, Ti64. In conclusion, the TiNb alloy with thin capsule thickness in vivo and high alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro will be of considerable use in biomedical applications.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.524-534
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• 2000

Deciduous teeth can be extracted for two reasons, one due to the physiologic resorption and the other by the inflammation at the apex after traumatic injury. Physiologic resorption may be different from pathologic resorption in timing and mechanism. Therefore we resumed the different features of physiologic and pathologic resorption root surfaces. Many previous studies showed micromorphology of resorbed surface of roots of deciduous teeth. But, few studies compared physiological and pathological root resorption surfaces. In this study, we carefully observed microscopic morphologies of those two different root surfaces by scanning electron microscope and histologic features by light microscope. The resultant differences between physiologic and pathologic resorption surfaces of deciduous teeth were as follows: 1. The morphology of pathologic resorption lacunae due to inflammation varied in size and shape with irregular boundaries compared with the physiologic areas from scanning electron microscope observations. 2. From light microscope observations, several large resorption fossae containing numerous resorption lacunae were found, whereas the resorption lacunae were irregular in shape with pathologic resorption surface. 3. Numerous multinucleated giant cells were closely attached to the physiologic resorption lacunae, whereas several kinds of mesenchymal cells with numerous inflammatory cells were found in the areas adjacent to the pathologic resorption surface. 4. Light microscope findings showed that compensating cementum formation took place along some of the areas of inflammatory dentinal resorption. In conclusion, several morphological differences were present between physiologic and pathologic root resorption surfaces of human deciduous teeth. The future studies should include cytochemistry to clarify the cellular roles in resorption process observations of pulpal surfaces of coronal and radicular dentin to and the changes that occur in each phase of human deciduous tooth resorption.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-67
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of $Biocoral^R$ graft and bioglass 45S5 graft in combination with ePTFE membrane in periodontal osseous defects for new bone formation. Nine healthy dogs were used. Under general anesthesia, 3-wall defects were created on the mesial and distal surfaces of the maxillary right canines, the mesials of the maxillary right second premolars, the distals of the mandibular right canines and the mesials of the mandibular right third premolars. To induce periodontitis, a silicone rubber, $Provil^R$ light body, was injected under pressure into the defects. Ninety days later, $Provil^R$was removed and followed by thorough root planing. The followings were then applied in the mesial and distal defects of the maxillary right canines, the mesials of the maxillary right second premolars, the distals of the mandibular right canines and the mesials of the mandibular right third premolars by random selections : 1) ePTFE membrane only application, 2) $Biocoral^R$ graft, 3) $Biocoral^R$ graft and ePTFE membrane application, 4)Bioglass 45S5 graft, 5) Bioglass 45S5 graft and ePTFE membrane application. The membranes were removed 1 month later. The dogs were sacrified at 1, 2 and 3 months following the graft, and block sections were made, demineralized, embedded, stained and examined by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. On the sections from teeth treated with ePTFE membrane only, the defect demonstrated extensive connnective tissue and alveolar bone regeneration. The $Biocoral^R$ graft group demonstrated extensive bone regeneration compared with ePTFE membrane only group. In the $Biocoral^R$ graft plus ePTFE membrane group, regeneration of new alveolus and crest occurred within the defect. As the experimental period lengthened, bone regeneration was increased and bone bridge was formed among the graft particles. The but bioglass 45S5 graft group demonstrated extensive bone regeneration but the amount of new bone was less than that of the $Biocoral^R$ graft group. For the bioglass 45S5 graft plus ePTFE membrane group, the amount of new bone was also increased. As the experimental period lengthened, bone regeneration was increased. Multinucleated giant cells, fibroblasts and macrophages were observed. As the bone formation was increased, the number of such cells was decreased. In conclusion, the $Biocoral^R$ was found better than the bioglass 45S5 for new bone formation, and the use of ePTFE membrane alone or with $Biocoral^R$/bioglass 45S5 can be supported as potential methods of promoting bone formation.