• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.421-426
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• 2004

다국적기업의 증가는 물류환경을 국제복합운송체계로 이끌고 있다. 기반시설이 잘 갖추어진 유럽의 경우에는 제2의 실크로드를 개발하기위한 노력이 끊임없이 행해지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국제복합운송의 중요성에 대해 설명하고, 유럽 복합운송 체계에 대한 분석을 통해 국내 및 동북아 복합운송체계를 제안한다. 이를 위해 유럽 복합운송 사례를 분석하고 TAR의 북부 노선을 통해 한반도 남단을 기점으로 하는 노선의 경제적 효과와 이를 철도와 항만 및 공항으로 연결하는 복합운송 모델을 개발한다. 실질적으로 본 연구의 실효성을 증명할 수치적 근거가 부족하나, 본 논문에서는 기존에 제시되지 않았던 구체적인 복합운송 모델을 개발 및 제안함으로써, ESCAP에서 수행하게 될 시범 컨테이너 전용열차 운행 프로젝트를 통해 노선별 거리, 시간, 비용, 세금, 통관절차, 환적시설 등의 정보를 차후 경제성평가 연구에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.189-206
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper attempted to verify the process by which a multinational corporation (MNC)'s subsidiary practices entrepreneurship to create effective knowledge (KC) in the local market. We have looked at whether subsidiary entrepreneurship (SENT) has a moderation effect in creating knowledge for the local market when a subsidiary has been given autonomy (AUT) from the headquarters (HQ). We also argue that when a subsidiary creates meaningful knowledge, the effect of the increased status by the HQ within the MNC network position (NP) has an indirect effect on whether knowledge is transferred to other overseas subsidiaries (KTO). Design/methodology - This paper used a structural equation model (SEM) of 282 effective foreign companies invested in Korea. To test the hypothesis about the process of SENT on KTO, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, convergent and discriminant validities, and common method bias were analyzed using STATA. In addition, the moderation effect was verified along with SEM. The moderation effect of AUT on SENT and KC was presented graphically by confirming \mathrm{\pm1} standard deviation of AUT for the main effect. Findings - Our findings are as follows. First, while the hypothesis about the direct effect of SENT and KC on KTO was not supported, all other hypotheses were supported. Second, both the AUT and moderating effect and the indirect effect of NP were significant. In the conclusion, these findings are discussed in relation to its various theoretical and practical implications. Originality/value - This study attempted to contribute to the knowledge creation theory of MNC by contemplating how subsidiaries can move away from HQ and grow in the local market. Although there is still a shortage of foreign investment in the Korean market, our practical implications offer guidance for how current subsidiaries can develop more than other overseas subsidiaries.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

Purpose - This case study illustrates the story of eBay Korea, which owns two most leading Korean open market companies, AUCTION and Gmarket. The main concerns are to take over the Korean top domestic companies one by one, then, emerge these two giants through its well-developed post-merger Integration by eBay, an American multinational corporation. Research design, data, and methodology - This case explores various secondary resources such as periodicals, annual reviews, magazine, news articles, commentaries, even some interview materials related to 'eBay Korea' and industry source on condition of anonymity based on the critical reviewing of existing studies on these topics as well. Results - The findings of this study show the merger and acquisition of two market leaders in Korea is the only successful case in Asian Markets. The eBay's choice of entry mode is appropriate considering the timing, synergy and efficiency by sharing their resources. Conclusions - This study examines the successful entry and settlement process of foreign, multinational company through mergers and acquisitions in the Korean market. This would be a valuable in the studies of International Business and Global entry or distribution strategy in the e-commerce and open market dealing with M&A and its post-merger integration.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.221-237
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• 2019

Multinational corporations (MNCs) usually face indigenous business environments in host countries which are different from a home country's. In this circumstance, MNCs would accomplish low-investing performance if they pursuit the same as the home oriented business strategy in the host country. The more different kinds of specialized environments a host countries have, the more pressure of modifying the international strategy needed for MNCs. This paper examines that how a different market environment between a home country and a host country, through MNC's local responsive managements, can influence investing performance in a host country. This paper conducts structural equation analyses with collected empirical data focusing upon a MNC's market orientation efforts and the realization of management localization (i.e., increasing local sourcing intensity or local sales intensity) as mediators between the specialized environment in a host country and the MNC's investing performance. This paper has several contributions in developing the prior approaches: first, the market orientation variables are regarded not as normal independent factors but mediators; second, two step mediation model is examined to make link between host market's heterogeneity and MNC's performance.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제17권32호
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• pp.255-266
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• 1994

This study does present things to suggest to foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation through the empirical study on the standardization level. If we summary this study, it is as follows. In chapter I, we did institute the problems and explain the objects and methods and system of the study. In chapter II, we did explain the universality of the culture and international advertisement. Next, we did explain the background of doing specialization strategy and standardization strategy. Also we did study the previous study about the arguements for and against these. Lsat we did institute the hypothesises as follows. - Hypothesis 1 $H_0$ : The use of westerner appeal means has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 2 $H_0$ : The use of westerner model and knowned has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 3 $H_0$ : The use of the English language has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 4 $H_0$ : The use of the west short piece and background has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. In chapter III, we did refer to the method of this study. First, we did adjust the measure of standardization index, and we did work coding it, such after the two coder did check the freguency of the appeal meanstype about the advertisement of four daily report. Then we did select eight production as high involvement production and seven production as low involvement. We did test the coder's trust degree on the such sample to be selected through the 't-test' of the SAS statistic program and regression analysis through the spss/$pc^+$ statistic program to approve the this study's hypothesises. In chapter IV, we did analysis the results of the empirical study on the high or low involvement productions. First, the results of t-test to approve the coder's trust degree is that it is same statistically attentionly the distribution of the sample between coder at 10% attention level. Next, the results of the regression analysis on eight hypothesises are as fellows. In case of high involvement production we are able to speak that the use of the English language appeal among the eight appeals is only standardized. And incase of low involvement production, we are able to speak that the use of the hard-sell appeal among the eight appeds is only standardized. Therefore we did conclude that the standardization level of Korea newspaper advertisement is low. Also this suggests that it will do plan and do the specialzation strategy or localization strategy foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation in Korea newspaper advertisement. In chapter V, we do present the boundary of this study and new study methods.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.1-41
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• 2008

본 연구는 다국적 기업 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관하여 알아보았으며, 다국적 기업의 국제경영전략 및 유형에 따른 의사결정 자율성에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 한국자회사의 시장 환경 불확실성은 정부환경, 경쟁 환경, 수요환경 및 공급환경 불확실성으로 구분되었고, 내부자원 특성은 생산능력, 재무능력, 마케팅능력 및 인사관리능력의 독립성으로, 경영성과는 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가로 구분되었다. 정부환경과 경쟁 환경 불확실성, 재무능력과 마케팅능력의 독립성은 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 부분적으로 영향을 미쳤고, 생산능력과 인사관리능력의 독립성은 모든 분야의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그리고 경영성과에서 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가는 부분적으로 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그리고 다국적 기업의 유형이 본국 및 세계중심주의보다 현지 국 중심주의에서 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성이 더 높았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 본 연구는 한국자회사에서 모회사로부터 의사결정 자율성을 높일 수 있는 경영전략 수립에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.135-168
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• 2008

본 연구는 다국적 기업 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관하여 알아보았으며, 다국적 기업의 국제경영전략 및 유형에 따른 의사결정 자율성에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 한국자회사의 시장 환경 불확실성은 정부환경, 경쟁 환경, 수요환경 및 공급환경 불확실성으로 구분되었고, 내부자원 특성은 생산능력, 재무능력, 마케팅능력 및 인사관리능력의 독립성으로, 경영성과는 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가로 구분되었다. 정부환경과 경쟁 환경 불착실성, 재무능력과 마케팅능력의 독립성은 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 부분적으로 영향을 미쳤고, 생산능력과 인사관리능력의 독립성은 모든 분야의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다 그리고 경영성과에서 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가는 부분적으로 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그리고 다국적 기업의 유형이 본국 및 세계중심주의보다 현지국 중심주의에서 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성이 더 놀았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 본 연구는 한국자회사에서 모회사로부터 의사결정 자율성을 높일 수 있는 경영전략 수립에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.469-480
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning and the value of the cultural collage expressed in men's fashion. As for the research methodology, literary research was under taken to study psychoanalytical and socioeconomic contexts in which cultural collage has been formed. In addition, demonstrative studies in men's fashion were undertaken through the analysis of pictures. The cultural collage is defined as a phenomena of making creativity by combining cultures which have no relevance. In psychological and sociological aspects, the rise of the cultural collage is caused by multinational corporation, pluralization of identity, information society, consumer oriented production, consumer society and inundation of kitsch. On the basis of the characteristics and social backgrounds of cultural collage, the aesthetic values of men's fashion can be explained by pluralism de-generalization and relativity.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.137-155
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents and consequences of host country managers (HCMs)' acculturative stress in multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries in Korea. We suggest that HCMs' national identification (NI) positively and organizational identification (OI) negatively influence on the HCMs' acculturative stress. In addition, we propose that HCMs' OI negatively moderate the relationship between HCMs' NI and acculturative stress. Moreover, we hypothesize a negative relationship between HCMs' acculturative stress and work engagement. To test these hypotheses, we performed hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analysis of 643 HCMs in 60 MNC subsidiaries that originate from 11 countries. Results of analyses revealed that all the hypotheses were supported except H1 (positive relationship between HCMs' NI and acculturative stress). The present findings provide theoretical and managerial implications, and we provide suggestion for future research.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.159-188
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• 2002

International joint ventures are usually formed and managed by domestic companies and foreign investors for the common objectives. They offer an opportunity for each partner to benefit significantly from the comparative advantages of the other. Local partners bring knowledge of the domestic market; familiarity with government bureaucracies and regulations; understanding of local labor markets; and existing manufacturing facilities. Foreign partners can offer advanced process and product technologies, management know-how, and access to export markets. In Korea, joint ventures have been encouraged to usher in foreign investors with foreign currency capital badly needed during the IMF financial crisis. In the meantime, Korean laws and regulations with respect to joint ventures have been largely overhauled to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) both inbound and outbound. They include four types of FDI, i.e., acquisition of foreign stocks, provision of long-term loans, participation in joint operations like resources development, and establishment of foreign offices. From the legal point of view, the formal joint venture agreement must be an offspring of a series of tough negotiations between domestic and foreign partners. They usually stress the long-term relationship with the good will and dedication to each other, and restrict the free transfer of stocks. Both partners are earnestly interested in the ownership and management of the joint venture. So they keep a close eye on the articles of incorporation, changes of business environment, conflict resolution methods, transparency of accounting and other financial matters. When a multinational corporation (MNC) is involved in the joint venture, conflicts over management strategies, marketing and other issues take place more often than not between the MNC and local partners. We have to pay attention to joint ventures, particularly, in China and North Korea. As witnessed in other transition economies, China is eagerly bringing in foreign direct investments for the development of nation's economy. China encourages foreign investors to establish ordinary joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, solely invested foreign capital companies and jointly operated development companies with local partners. In North Korea, however, joint ventures have a different meaning like contractual joint ventures in China, in which North Korean partners have an initiative in the management. Rather, jointly operated companies or simply processing-for-wage companies are recommended in view of the unpredictable legal infrastructure in North Korea.