• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• v.99 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2024

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare condition that exclusively affects women and is characterized by lung parenchymal destruction and the formation of cysts due to infiltration by LAM cells. It can also impact the lymphatic system, leading to the development of fluid-filled cystic structures and abdominal involvement, including renal angiomyolipomas (AML) or lymphangioleiomyoma. LAM can occur sporadically or be associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Common symptoms include respiratory issues such as dyspnea, pneumothorax, chylothorax, along with other manifestations like renal AML and lymphatic involvement. The diagnosis of LAM relies on a combination of clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings, and treatment options vary depending on symptoms and patient status, with mTOR inhibitors being considered as a treatment option. This case outlines the diagnostic journey and clinical course of a 32-year-old female patient with LAM.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 2024

Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS) is an uncommon disease with kaleidoscopic clinical manifestations. Ischemic strokes are commoner than their hemorrhagic counterpart. Intracranial pseudoaneurysms are rarely reported in PACNS cohorts. We hereby describe the case of a 39-year-old female, who presented for evaluation of acute onset of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke, with cerebral angiogram showing multifocal stenosis and irregularities in intracranial blood vessels with an aneurysm arising from the lenticulostriate branch of the left MCA M1 segment. A diagnosis of probable PACNS was made and patient initiated on immunomodulatory treatment with corticosteroids. 12 weeks follow up neuroimaging studies revealed resolution of the previously described intracranial aneurysm, thereby postulating the possibility of a pseudoaneurysm related to the underlying angiitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.367-370
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• 2009

A 5-year-old, intact female Shih-Tzu dog was presented with 1 year history of icterus, ascites and anorexia. The serum biochemistry revealed elevated liver enzyme levels. Microhepatica and decreased serosal detail were detected in abdominal radiography. Abdominal ultrasonographic findings included irregular liver margins, multifocal hypoechoic nodules in the liver parenchyma, and ascites. Computed tomography (CT) showed multifocal hypodense nodules with ring-like contrast enhancement. Cytologic and histopathologic examination by liver core biopsy revealed fibrosis. Cirrhosis was diagnosed based on above results. This report focuses on the imaging characteristics of ultrasonography and CT for liver cirrhosis in a dog.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1887-1893
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to detail characteristics of mammary Paget's disease (PD) representing the whole population in China. A total of 4211 female breast cancer inpatients at seven tertiary hospitals from seven representative geographical regions of China were collected randomly during 1999 to 2008. Data for demography, risk factors, diagnostic imaging test, physical examination and pathologic characters were surveyed and biomarker status was tested by immunohistochemistry. The differences of demography and risk factors between PD with breast cancer and other lesions were compared using Chi-square test or t-test, with attention to physical examination and pathological characters. The percentage of PD was 1.6% (68/4211) in all breast cancers. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.1, and 63.2% (43/68) patients were premenopausal. There is no difference in demography and risk factors between PD with breast cancer and other breast cancer (P > 0.05). The main pattern of PD in physical exam and pathologic pattern were patients presenting with a palpable mass in breast (65/68, 95.6%) and PD with underlying invasive cancer (82.4%, 56/68) respectively. The rate of multifocal disease was 7.4% (5/68). PD with invasive breast cancer showed larger tumor size, more multifocal disease, lower ER and PR expression and higher HER2 overexpression than those in other invasive breast cancer (P < 0.05). These results suggested that PD in China is a concomitant disease of breast cancer, and that PD with underlying invasive cancer has more multiple foci and more aggressive behavior compared with other breast invasive cancer. We address the urgent needs for establishing diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for mammary PD in China.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.315-319
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• 2013

A 5-year-old, spayed female Maltese dog presented with generalized multifocal pruritic erythema and alopecia for a month. Initial skin biopsy suggested cutaneious histiocytosis. The dog had been treated with the immunosuppressive therapy for a month, but multifocal erythematous patches and plaques were newly observed. Direct imprint smear of cutaneous lesions suggested a lymphoma and rebiopsy was performed. Microscopic examination demonstrated a round cell tumor with epitheliotrophism to the epidermis and adnexal structures. The neoplastic round cells were strongly positive for CD3 yet negative for CD79a, indicting the tumor was cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. After 2 cycles of oral administration of lomustine ($70mg/m^2$, once every 2-3 weeks), only partial response was observed. Alternative chemotherapy with gemcitabine ($500mg/m^2$, 30-minute IV infusion, once every week) was initiated. A total 3 cycles of gemcitabine failed to control the progression of disease, and the dog was euthanized on Day 69 after the 1st lomustine treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 2015

Steroid receptor coactivators (SRC) are transcriptional coactivators. Among SRCs, SRC-3 is the most studied in relation to different types of tumors. However, the role of SRC-3 in early lung development and lung cancer has not been well studied. The expression profiles of SRC-3 showed that SRC-3 contributed to bronchial and alveolar development in embryonic lung development. SRC-3 was strongly expressed in Clara cells and type II alveolar cells during fetal lung development (E17.5- E18.5), and SRC-3 was expressed in both cell types in the adult lung. TTF-1 was expressed in the lungs of heterozygote SRC-3 mice and Clara cell-specific-CCSP-TAg tumor mice, along with SRC-3 expression. The expression of TTF-1 was localized at transformed Clara cells and multifocal adenocarcinomas in lung cancer mice. However, SRC-3 was not expressed in the multifocal adenocarcinomas, suggesting that SRC-3 might not be involved in the invasiveness of lung cancer. Cotransfection of TTF-1 in Clara cell-specific mtCC cell lines resulted in significant activation of CCSP expression. However, cotransfection of SRC-3 had no significant effects on transient transfection. These in vivo and in vitro results suggest that SRC-3 does not play a significant role in lung tumor progression. In conclusion, SRC-3 is involved in bronchial and alveolar development in fetal and adult lungs, but it does not play an important role in the progression of Clara cell-derived lung cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.1413-1440
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• 2021

On MRI, abnormal signals of the intervertebral disc, destruction of the upper and lower vertebral body endplate around the disc, and bone marrow edema around the endplate are considered typical findings of infectious spondylitis. These findings can also appear in various non-infectious spinal diseases, such as degenerative changes, acute Schmorl's node, spondyloarthropathy, synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO), chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. The imaging findings of infectious spondylitis that can be differentiated from these non-infectious spinal diseases on MRI are high signal intensity and abscess of the disc space, an abscess in the paraspinal soft tissue, and the loss of the linear low signal intensity on T1-weighted images of the bony endplate. However, these differentiation points do not always apply since there are many similarities in the imaging findings of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Therefore, for an accurate diagnosis, it is important to know the imaging characteristics related to the pathophysiology of not only infectious spondylitis but also non-infectious spinal diseases, which requires differentiation from infection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.6
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• pp.445-449
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• 2011

Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently metastasizes to brain, bone, liver, and adrenal glands. While an autopsy of NSCLC reveals some cases of metastasis to the kidney, clinical detection of renal metastases is extremely rare. Furthermore, metastases to the kidney usually present as multifocal or bilateral lesions and solitary renal metastases are usually suspected to be renal cell carcinoma. We now report a case of asymptomatic solitary renal metastasis from a primary squamous cell carcinoma, which was detected by routine surveillance with abdominal CT after curative surgery.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2005

Status epilepticus is a medical emergency, so that rapid and vigorous treatment is required to prevent neuronal damage and systemic complication. Status epilepticus is generally defined as a continuous or intermittent seizure or an unconscious condition after the onset of seizure, lasting for 30 minutes or more. We report here the outcome of status epilepticus. We retrospectively reviewed medical record of 15 patients who were diagnosed with status epilepticus at the Asan Medical Center from January 2003 to February 2004. This outcome was evaluated considering various factors such as age of patients, history of seizures, neurologic impairment, etiology, mortality, return to baseline and initial electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. The range of age was between 1 to 79 years old and the longest duration of treatment was 118 days. Most patients were treated by using pentobarbital, midazolam, phenobarbital and other antiepileptic drugs. The overall mortality was 5 (33%) out of 15 patients. The mortality was related to etiology, underlying other medical conditions and initial EEG findings. 5 (55%) out of the 9 patients with acute etiology, 5 (71%) out of the 7 patients with a multifocal or burst-suppression EEG activity, and 3 (60%) out of the 5 patients with other medical disease were related to mortality. This data demonstrate high mortality due to status epilepticus. Mortality is related to etiology, other medical conditions and abnormalities on the initial EEG.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.853-858
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• 1998

A case of repeated bovine abortion caused by Neospora caninum is described. The 3-year-old Holstein cow, which was seropositive to N caninum antibody by indirect immunofluoresent assay, aborted consecutively within a 10-month period. Two fetuses of 6- or 5-month of gestation were aborted in June 1996 and March 1997, respectively. Histologically, multifocal necrotizing encephalitis, nonsuppurative periportal hepatitis, myocarditis, and myositis were observed in both fetuses. Tachyzoites or tissue cysts detected in the brain, heart and liver were positive to N caninum but negative to Toxoplasma gondii by immunohistochemical method. The results of our study demonstrate that repeated abortion due to N caninum actually occurs in Korea. This is believed to the first report of repeated abortion associated with N caninum in Korea.