• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2022

The metallic energy dissipation device (EDD) has been widely accepted as a useful tool for passive control of buildings against earthquakes. The distribution of metallic EDDs in a multi-story building may have significant influence on its seismic performance, which can be greatly enhanced if the distribution scheme is properly designed. This paper addresses the optimal distribution problem in the aim of achieving a desired level of performance using the minimum number of metallic EDDs. Five local search heuristic algorithms are proposed to solve the problem. Four base structures are presented as numerical examples to verify the proposed algorithms. It is indicated that the performance of different algorithms may vary when applied in different situations. Based on the results of the numerical verification, the recommended guidelines are finally proposed for choosing the appropriate algorithm in different occasions.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

A hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system with a smart damper has been proposed to mitigate seismic responses of tall buildings. Based on previous research, a hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system can provide effective control performance for reduction of seismic responses of tall buildings. Structural design of the hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system is generally performed after completion of structural design of a building structure. This design concept is called as an iterative design which is a general design process for structures and control devices. In the iterative design process, optimal design solution for the structure and control system is changed at each design stage. To solve this problem, the integrated optimal design method for the hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system and building structure was proposed in this study. An existing building with mid-story isolation system, i.e. Shiodome Sumitomo Building, was selected as an example structure for more realistic study. The hybrid mid-story isolation system in this study was composed of MR (magnetorheological) dampers. The stiffnessess and damping coefficients of the example building, maximum capacity of MR damper, and stiffness of isolation bearing were simultaneously optimized. Multi-objective genetic optimization method was employed for the simultaneous optimization of the example structure and the mid-story seismic isolation system. The optimization results show that the simultaneous optimization method can provide better control performance than the passive mid-story isolation system with reduction of structural materials.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2015

Experience on the construction of several 100-plus-story skyscrapers including Guangzhou West Tower, Guangzhou East Tower, and Shenzhen's KK100 is described considering the increasingly strong development trend of 100-plus-story skyscrapers in China. Difficulties in the construction of 100-plus-story skyscrapers are investigated. Four innovative construction technologies receive detailed descriptions: intelligently and entirely-jacked work platforms, formwork and suspension scaffolding systems ("jacking and formwork systems"), multi-function low-carbon concrete, 5D-BIM ("five-dimensional building information modeling"), and safe and rapid vertical transport, as they have found successful applications in actual projects. Popularized systematically as technical achievements, these technologies will significantly influence the construction of similar projects in the future, and produce more social and economic benefits.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제91권5호
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• pp.487-502
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• 2024

This study introduces a novel 'multi-mushroom' structural system designed to improve seismic performance in lowrise buildings. Traditional low-rise structures tend to favor sliding over rocking due to their smaller aspect ratios despite the rocking system's superior seismic response reduction. Rocking designs allow structures to pivot at their base during seismic events, reducing damage by dissipating energy. The proposed multi-mushroom system divides the building into four equal sections with small gaps in between, each capable of independent rocking. Numerical analyses are conducted using scaled earthquake records from far- and near-source events to evaluate this system's performance. The results indicated that the multimushroom system significantly reduces plastic hinge formation compared to conventional designs. The system also demonstrated enhanced beam performance and a robust base girder, contributing to reduced collapse vulnerability. The 3-story model exhibited the most favorable behavior, effectively mitigating peak roof drift values, where the rocking system achieved a 21% reduction in mean roof displacement for near-field records and 15% for far-field records. However, the 5-story configuration showed increased roof displacement, and the 7-story model recorded higher incidences of collapse prevention (CP) hinges, indicating areas for further optimization. Overall, the multi-mushroom system enhances seismic resilience by minimizing plastic hinge formation and improving structural integrity. While the system shows significant promise for low-rise buildings, challenges related to roof displacement and inter-story drift ratio in taller structures necessitate further research. These findings suggest that the multi-mushroom system offers a viable solution for seismic risk reduction, contributing to safer and more sustainable urban development in earthquake-prone areas.

• Architectural research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

An innovative multi-story Semi-Active Tuned Mass Damper (SATMD) building system is proposed to control seismic response of existing structures. The application of adding new stories as large tuned mass and semi-active (SA) resettable actuators as central features of the control scheme is derived. For the effective control of the structures, the optimal tuning parameters are considered for the large mass ratio, for which a previously proposed equation is used and the practical optimal stiffness is allocated to the actuator stiffness and rubber bearing stiffness. A two-degree-of freedom (2-DOF) model is adopted to verify the principal efficiency of the suggested structural control concept. The simulations for this study utilizes the three ground motions, from SAC project, having probability of exceedance of 50% in 50 years, 10% in 50 years, and 2% in 50 years for the Los Angeles region. 12-story moment resisting frames, which are modified as '12+2' and '12+4' story structures, are investigated to assess the viability and effectiveness of the system that aims to reduce the response of the buildings to earthquakes. The control ability of the SATMD scheme is compared to that of an uncontrolled and an ideal Passive Tuned Mass Damper (PTMD) building system. From the performance results of suggested '12+2' and '12+4' story retrofitting case studies, SATMD systems shows significant promise for application of structural control where extra stories might be added.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.721-734
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• 2024

In this research, the efficiency of a metallic energy dissipation device for seismic retrofit of an existing structure is evaluated by cyclic loading test. The proposed device, which is called multi-slit damper, is made of weak and strong slit dampers connected in series. Its energy dissipation mechanism consists of two stages: (i) yielding of the weak-slit damper under minor earthquakes; (ii) restraint of further deformations of the weak slit damper and activation of the strong slit damper under major earthquakes using a gap mechanism. A reinforced concrete (RC) frame with characteristics similar to soft-first-story structures is tested under cyclic loading before and after retrofit using the proposed device. The details of the experimental study are described and the test is simulated in an available commercial software to validate the analytical model of the damper. To further verify the applicability of the damper, it is applied to an analysis model of a 4-story structure with soft first story and its seismic performance is evaluated before and after retrofit. The experimental and analysis results show that the multi-slit damper is effective in controlling seismic response of structures.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 2부
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• pp.645-650
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• 2008

엔터테인먼트 산업의 OSMU의 중심에 있는 영화와 게임, 두 매체간의 소재와 스토리의 공유가 활발히 이루어지고 있으나 성공적인 사례는 극히 일부분에 불과한 것이 현실이다. 영화의 게임화, 게임의 영화화에 있어 성공적 스토리텔링을 좌우하는 중심 요소는 바로 Story Value라 할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 영화의 게임화와 게임의 영화화의 두 가지 경우에서의 Story Value의 비교 분석을 통해 두 매체 사이의 호환성 있는 스토리텔링 및 캐릭터 설정 방식을 제시해보고자 한다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.121-145
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• 2014

The story shear force distributions of most seismic design codes generally reflect the influences of higher vibration modes based on the elastic deformations of structures. However, as the seismic design allows for the plastic behavior of a structure, the story shear force distribution shall be effective after it is yielded due to earthquake excitation. Hence this study conducted numerical analyses on the story shear force distributions of most seismic design codes to find out the characteristics of how a structure is damaged between stories. Analysis results show that the more forces are distributed onto high stories, the lower its concentration is and the more energy is absorbed. From the results, this study proposes the optimum story shear force distribution and its calculation formula that make the damages uniformly distributed onto whole stories. Consequently, the story damage distribution from the optimum calculation formula was considerably more stable than existing seismic design codes.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1031-1054
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• 2014

Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) of a stacked wood shear wall retrofitted with a rate-dependent seismic energy dissipation device (viscous damper) was conducted at the newly constructed Structural Engineering Laboratory at the University of Alabama. This paper describes the implementation process of the RTHS focusing on the controller scheme development. An incremental approach was adopted starting from a controller for the conventional slow pseudodynamic hybrid simulation and evolving to the one applicable for RTHS. Both benchmark-scale and full-scale tests are discussed to provide a roadmap for future RTHS implementation at different laboratories and/or on different structural systems. The developed RTHS controller was applied to study the effect of a rate-dependent energy dissipation device on the seismic performance of a multi-story wood shear wall system. The test specimen, setup, program and results are presented with emphasis given to inter-story drift response. At 100% DBE the RTHS showed that the multi-story shear wall with the damper had 32% less inter-story drift and was noticeably less damaged than its un-damped specimen counterpart.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2007

다층구조물의 경우 변위보다 층간변위에 의해 구조물의 파괴가 발생되나 현행 국 내외 내진설계 규준에 제시된 역량스펙트럼 법에서는 변위에 의한 응답산정으로 층간변위를 정확히 예측할 수가 없었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다층구조물의 가장 기본적인 모델인 전단빌딩(Shear Building)에 대하여 기존의 역량해석법의 간편성과 장점을 변함없이 유지하면서, 구조물의 파괴에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 층간변위를 실제에 가깝게 예측하고 구조물의 내진성능을 평가할 수 있는 개선된 역량스펙트럼 법을 제안하고자 한다. 나아가 제안된 방법을 예제구조물에 적용하고 시간이력 해석결과와 비교함으로서 제안된 방법의 신뢰성에 대한 검증을 수행하였다.