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A Cluster Based Energy Efficient Tree Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks (광역 WSN 을 위한 클러스팅 트리 라우팅 프로토콜)

  • Nurhayati, Nurhayati;Choi, Sung-Hee;Lee, Kyung-Oh
    • Annual Conference of KIPS
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    • 2011.04a
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    • pp.576-579
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    • 2011
  • Wireless sensor network are widely all over different fields. Because of its distinguished characteristics, we must take account of the factor of energy consumed when designing routing protocol. Wireless sensor networks consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network. In BCDCP, all sensors sends data from the CH (Cluster Head) and then to the BS (Base Station). BCDCP works well in a smallscale network however is not preferred in a large scale network since it uses much energy for long distance wireless communication. TBRP can be used for large scale network, but it weakness lies on the fact that the nodedry out of energy easily since it uses multi-hops transmission data to the Base Station. Here, we proposed a routing protocol. A Cluster Based Energy Efficient Tree Routing Protocol (CETRP) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to prolong network life time through the balanced energy consumption. CETRP selects Cluster Head of cluster tree shape and uses maximum two hops data transmission to the Cluster Head in every level. We show CETRP outperforms BCDCP and TBRP with several experiments.

The Impact of Spirituality and Religious Involvement on the Relationship of Health Status with Life Satisfaction and Depression of the Elderly in Korea (노인의 영성과 종교 활동이 생활만족도와 우울에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Hyunsook;Won, Sungwon
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.1077-1093
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    • 2010
  • This study aims to examine the effects of health status on life satisfaction and depression and to examine the effect of spirituality and religious involvement on this relationship among Korean older persons. On the basis of the previous literature, we hypothesize that health status will have a direct effect on life satisfaction and depression, but that spirituality and religious involvement will moderate this effect in addition to having direct effects on life satisfaction and depression. In light of the different gender effects on all five variables (health status, spirituality, religious involvement, life satisfaction, and depression), we also examine the effects of gender on these variables. The data for this study came from the Hallym Aging Study conducted by the Hallym University Institute of Aging from February to March in 2005. Through stratified multi-stage random sampling, 1409 individuals aged 65 and over, who lived in Seoul and Chuncheon in Korea. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate whether health status, gender, spirituality and religious involvement could predict life satisfaction and depression, and whether the direct relationships were moderated by interactions among these variables. We took three ordered regression steps to examine the hypothesis; the first step contained the covariates of age, education, living with spouse, monthly expense, living with adult children, and household income. We also entered gender into this step, so it would be adjusted for in relation to the other covariates. The second step then looked for any direct effects that gender, health status, spirituality, and religious involvement might have on life satisfaction and depression above and beyond the effects of the covariates. The third step contained interaction terms to look for further variance accounted for by indirect, moderating effects on life satisfaction and depression. The results showed that health status had a significant effect on both life satisfaction and depression, and religious involvement had a significant effect on depression. Spirituality and religious involvement were found overall to be a moderator, reducing the negative effect of health status on life satisfaction and depression. The direct effect of religious involvement and the moderating effects of spirituality and religious involvement on life satisfaction and depression are consistent with the view that spirituality and religion are resources and benefit the well-being of older adults.

Effect of Light Intensity on Cell Growth and Carotenoids Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii dZL (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii dZL 균주의 광도가 세포 생장과 카로티노이드 생산량에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Seong-Joo Hong;Hyunwoo Kim;Jiho Min;Hanwool Park;Z-Hun Kim;Chang Soo Lee;Eonseon Jin;Choul-Gyun Lee
    • Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.82-89
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    • 2023
  • Microalgae, as photosynthetic organisms, possess the ability to produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds. This study focused on the transformant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii dZL and subjected it to cultivation under varying light intensities (60, 120, 180, and 240 µmol/m2/s). Our aim was to assess the impact of light intensity on both microalgal biomass and carotenoid production. The cultivation took place in 80 mL bubble column photobioreactors, specifically the Multi-cultivator. Notably, the culture exposed to 240 µmol/m2/s exhibited the most rapid cell growth, surpassing even the cell concentration achieved at 180 µmol/m2/s by day 8. A detailed analysis of the specific irradiance rate over time unequivocally revealed a sharp decline in growth rates when the rate fell below 2 × 10-10 µmol/cell/s. Although the culture with 60 µmol/m2/s yielded the highest carotenoid content (1.2% of dry weight), the culture exposed to 240 µmol/m2/s recorded the highest carotenoid concentration at 8.9 mg/L owing to its higher biomass. Our findings reveal the critical importance of maintaining a specific irradiance rate above 2 × 10-10 µmol/cell/s to enhance biomass and carotenoid productivity. This study lays the groundwork for defining optimal light intensity conditions applicable to mass culture systems, with the objective of augmenting C. reinhardtii biomass and optimizing carotenoid productivity.

The Effect of CEO Experiential Attributes and Slack Resource on the Selection of Strategic Alliance Type (벤처기업 최고 경영자 경험 특성과 여유자원이 전략적 제휴 유형 선택에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Sangyun
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.45-61
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    • 2022
  • Despite of the consensus on the critical role of CEO and slack resources for strategic decision making, how they affect in the selection of strategic alliance type is limited. This study investigated the effect of CEO's experiential attributes and the venture firms' slack resource on the selection of strategic alliance type. To this end, this study used multi-variate logistic regression analysis with 1,813 Korean venture firms. The findings indicated that higher education level and large firm experience of CEO positively contributed to form an explorative alliance. And these two experiential attributes has negative effects on the probability of exploitative alliance formation. On the other hand, the entrepreneurial experience has no effect on the selection of strategic alliance type. This study also investigated the effect of slack resource - available slack, recoverable slack, and potential slack-. The more venture firms have available and potential slack, the higher probability of pursuing an explorative alliance. In addition, recoverable slack of venture firms has negative effect only on the selection of explorative alliance. The results of this study are expected to contribute the literatures of strategic management and venture firms by illustrating which CEO and firm-level factors affect the selection of strategic alliance type. This study also extends recent effort to better understand the selection of strategic alliance type with upper echelons theory and slack resource. And this study suggests implications that can increase the probability of successful decision making by venture firms in selection of strategic alliance type.

A Study on the Feasibility and Operational Directions for Establishing a Specialized Library for Comics and Webtoons in Cheongju City (청주시 만화·웹툰 특화도서관 신규 조성 타당성 및 운영방향에 관한 연구)

  • Younghee Noh;Seung-Jin Kwak;In-ho Chang;HyoJung Sim
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.55-83
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    • 2023
  • In this study, we propose the establishment of a specialized comic and webtoon library within the newly constructed library in Cheongju City. The aim is to create the library as the ultimate multi-cultural space, contributing to the enhancement of local residents' information utilization skills and future competencies. To achieve this, we conducted a foundational survey and current status analysis of a comic and webtoon specialized library, based on which we put forward a plan for its development. The research results yield the following outcomes: First, we provide concrete justifications and feasibility for the establishment of a comic and webtoon specialized library in Cheongju City. Second, we offer specific proposals for the vision, mission, roles, and functions of the comic and webtoon specialized library. Based on these research findings, if a comic and webtoon specialized library is constructed in Cheongju City, it has the potential to become a local landmark and serve as a unique cultural and tourist resource. Furthermore, by providing facilities and resources for various information services related to comic and webtoon creation and experiences, it can contribute to nurturing talents that lead the way in future industries.

Assessment of Topographic Normalization in Jeju Island with Landsat 7 ETM+ and ASTER GDEM Data (Landsat 7 ETM+ 영상과 ASTER GDEM 자료를 이용한 제주도 지역의 지형보정 효과 분석)

  • Hyun, Chang-Uk;Park, Hyeong-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.393-407
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    • 2012
  • This study focuses on the correction of topographic effects caused by a combination of solar elevation and azimuth, and topographic relief in single optical remote sensing imagery, and by a combination of changes in position of the sun and topographic relief in comparative analysis of multi-temporal imageries. For the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, where Mt. Halla and various cinder cones are located, a Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery and ASTER GDEM data were used to normalize the topographic effects on the imagery, using two topographic normalization methods: cosine correction assuming a Lambertian condition and assuming a non-Lambertian c-correction, with kernel sizes of $3{\times}3$, $5{\times}5$, $7{\times}7$, and $9{\times}9$ pixels. The effects of each correction method and kernel size were then evaluated. The c-correction with a kernel size of $7{\times}7$ produced the best result in the case of a land area with various land-cover types. For a land-cover type of forest extracted from an unsupervised classification result using the ISODATA method, the c-correction with a kernel size of $9{\times}9$ produced the best result, and this topographic normalization for a single land cover type yielded better compensation for topographic effects than in the case of an area with various land-cover types. In applying the relative radiometric normalization to topographically normalized three multi-temporal imageries, more invariant spectral reflectance was obtained for infrared bands and the spectral reflectance patterns were preserved in visible bands, compared with un-normalized imageries. The results show that c-correction considering the remaining reflectance energy from adjacent topography or imperfect atmospheric correction yielded superior normalization results than cosine correction. The normalization results were also improved by increasing the kernel size to compensate for vertical and horizontal errors, and for displacement between satellite imagery and ASTER GDEM.

Parallel Processing of Satellite Images using CUDA Library: Focused on NDVI Calculation (CUDA 라이브러리를 이용한 위성영상 병렬처리 : NDVI 연산을 중심으로)

  • LEE, Kang-Hun;JO, Myung-Hee;LEE, Won-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.29-42
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    • 2016
  • Remote sensing allows acquisition of information across a large area without contacting objects, and has thus been rapidly developed by application to different areas. Thus, with the development of remote sensing, satellites are able to rapidly advance in terms of their image resolution. As a result, satellites that use remote sensing have been applied to conduct research across many areas of the world. However, while research on remote sensing is being implemented across various areas, research on data processing is presently insufficient; that is, as satellite resources are further developed, data processing continues to lag behind. Accordingly, this paper discusses plans to maximize the performance of satellite image processing by utilizing the CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture) Library of NVIDIA, a parallel processing technique. The discussion in this paper proceeds as follows. First, standard KOMPSAT(Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite) images of various sizes are subdivided into five types. NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is implemented to the subdivided images. Next, ArcMap and the two techniques, each based on CPU or GPU, are used to implement NDVI. The histograms of each image are then compared after each implementation to analyze the different processing speeds when using CPU and GPU. The results indicate that both the CPU version and GPU version images are equal with the ArcMap images, and after the histogram comparison, the NDVI code was correctly implemented. In terms of the processing speed, GPU showed 5 times faster results than CPU. Accordingly, this research shows that a parallel processing technique using CUDA Library can enhance the data processing speed of satellites images, and that this data processing benefits from multiple advanced remote sensing techniques as compared to a simple pixel computation like NDVI.

Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Extract Obtained by the Treatment of Different Solvents and Enzymes (용매 종류와 효소 처리에 따른 쓴 메밀 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 α-Glucosidase 저해 활성의 변화)

  • Kim, Ji-Eun;Joo, Sung-Il;Seo, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Sam-Pin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.8
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    • pp.989-995
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    • 2009
  • Extract yield of tartary buckwheat treated with water, 70% ethanol or methanol were about 13.6%, 7.0% and 6.6%, respectively. Extract yield was greatly increased by the treatment of $\alpha$-amylase indicating 95.1% yield. $RC_{50}$ value of DPPH radical scavenging activity with methanol and 70% ethanol extracts were 34.0 $\mu g$/mL, 40.5 $\mu g$/mL, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity increased when it was treated with $\beta$-glucosidase and cellulase, showing $RC_{50}$ value of 24.7 $\mu g$/mL and 25.0 $\mu g$/mL, respectively. In ABTS radical scavenging activity, methanol extract (100 $\mu g$/mL) showed 30% inhibition. In DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging activities, the treatment of $\beta$-glucanase and $\alpha$-amylase shows the highest and the lowest activities, respectively. In $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effect, 70% ethanol extract showed $RC_{50}$ value of 59.9 $\mu g$/mL, but water extract was not inhibitory effective. The $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effect was the highest in multi enzyme treatment. Content of rutin and quercetin in methanol extract showed higher value with 4400.3 mg% and 71.9 mg%, respectively. The 70% ethanol extract of buckwheat contained rutin of 3459.8 mg% and quercetin of 56.9 mg%. In the treatment of $\beta$-glucanase, the rutin content of ethanol extract increased with 5057.4 mg% and multi-enzyme treatment resulted in the modification of rutin glycoside.

A Research in Applying Big Data and Artificial Intelligence on Defense Metadata using Multi Repository Meta-Data Management (MRMM) (국방 빅데이터/인공지능 활성화를 위한 다중메타데이터 저장소 관리시스템(MRMM) 기술 연구)

  • Shin, Philip Wootaek;Lee, Jinhee;Kim, Jeongwoo;Shin, Dongsun;Lee, Youngsang;Hwang, Seung Ho
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.169-178
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    • 2020
  • The reductions of troops/human resources, and improvement in combat power have made Korean Department of Defense actively adapt 4th Industrial Revolution technology (Artificial Intelligence, Big Data). The defense information system has been developed in various ways according to the task and the uniqueness of each military. In order to take full advantage of the 4th Industrial Revolution technology, it is necessary to improve the closed defense datamanagement system.However, the establishment and usage of data standards in all information systems for the utilization of defense big data and artificial intelligence has limitations due to security issues, business characteristics of each military, anddifficulty in standardizing large-scale systems. Based on the interworking requirements of each system, data sharing is limited through direct linkage through interoperability agreement between systems. In order to implement smart defense using the 4th Industrial Revolution technology, it is urgent to prepare a system that can share defense data and make good use of it. To technically support the defense, it is critical to develop Multi Repository Meta-Data Management (MRMM) that supports systematic standard management of defense data that manages enterprise standard and standard mapping for each system and promotes data interoperability through linkage between standards which obeys the Defense Interoperability Management Development Guidelines. We introduced MRMM, and implemented by using vocabulary similarity using machine learning and statistical approach. Based on MRMM, We expect to simplify the standardization integration of all military databases using artificial intelligence and bigdata. This will lead to huge reduction of defense budget while increasing combat power for implementing smart defense.

Study on Amenity and Economical Efficiency of Multi-functionality on the Grassland (초지형 축산의 어메니티 및 경제성 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Cheon, D.W.;Lee, S.Y.;Park, M.S.;Park, H.S.;Hwang, K.J.;Yun, S.H.;Ko, M.S.
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.297-312
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    • 2007
  • This study is conducted to evaluate economical value of Jeju grassland and validity of its preservation, and draw up several measures to support. To measure its economical value, this study examined its environmental value and social and cultural value. For environmental value, this study used replacement method while it applied CVM method, a widely used method, to assess social and cultural value and two-level two-best choice selection method, which ask questions by assuming virtual circumstances to avoid reflecting some biased opinions. Jeju grassland has multiple functions-environmental functions such as preventing soil corrosion and flood, handling animal excrement, and purifying air, and social and cultural functions such as promoting physical and mental health and providing recreation places. From the results of the feasibility study, Jeju grassland's annual multiple functions are assessed to have a total $397,115{\sim}418,995$ million won worth. In addition, it is found that Jeju visitors recognize Jeju grassland for its functions to contribute to public interests. That is, they think it can provide attractive views and educational and recreational places and promote emotional development. Especially, many people presented their ideas that it be continuously preserved since it is worthwhile for us and our next generations. To preserve grassland's cultural resource, which create a huge economic value like this, the Government has to support a certain amount of financial aid for turning to a better grassland environment and its maintenance to realize environment-friendly livestock farming on Jeju Island and promote its tourism industry and consequently, add more value to Jeju.