• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.570-576
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract (MLE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups) added 100 and 300 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) lecels resulted in significant decreases (13.4% and 21.1%, 12.0% and 13.4%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsome of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Superoxide radical ($O_2$) levels were significantly decreased about 12% in brain cytosol of MLE-300 group compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were effectively inhibited (18.1% and 12.3%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were significantly decreased (14.2%, and 10.9%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in brain mitochondria were significantly increased (13.5% and 18.6%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities in brain cytosol were also effectively increased (about 17.7%) in MLE-300 groups compared with control group. GSHPx activities in brain cytosol were remarkably increased (17.2% and 23.9%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes in brain.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2012

Six polyphenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid (CA), rutin (RT), isoquercitrin (IQT), quercetin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (QMG), astragalin (AG), kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (KMG), were isolated from mulberry leaves by a series of isolation procedures, such as Diaion HP-20, silica-gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS-A column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the phenolic compounds were identified by UV and NMR spectral analyses. Levels of polyphenols in mulberry leaves from six different mulberry cultivars ranged from 1,042.16 to 1,871.97 mg% per dry weight; Guksang cultivar showed the highest levels of polyphenols, whereas Gaeryangdaehwa contained the least polyphenol contents. Generally, levels of polyphenols in mulberry leaves decreased with increasing harvest time, except for Yoolmok, but increased with heat processing time, except QMG and KMG. These results suggest that the heat processed mulberry leaves of Guksang cultivar harvested in early May can be potentially useful sources for production of high quality mulberry leaf teas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.124-128
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• 2008

This study was aimed to analyze the composition and to quantify the contents of stilbenoids in the leaves and fruits of Morus alba L. using high performance liquid chromatography with phodtodiode array detector and UV detector. Optimal wavelength for the detection of various stilbenoids such as resveratrol, piceatannol, rhapontigenin, astringin, pterostilbene, piceid, rhaponticin and vitisin A was screened by DAD detector and set to 308 nm. Seven kinds of stilbenoids except vitisin A were identified in fruits, while 5 kinds of stilbenoids in leaves. Total stilbenoids contents were $609.15{\pm}7.24$ mg/100 g d.w. in fruits and $188.57{\pm}1.70$ mg/100 g d.w in leaves. Stilbenoids contents in fruits were 3 times higher than those in leaves. Rhaponticin was the most profound stilbene, analyzed to $389.26{\pm}5.22$ mg/100 g d.w. (63.8% of total stilbenoids) in fruits and $99.17{\pm}2.79$ mg/100 g d.w. (52.5% of total stilbenoids) in leaves. Astringin and piceatannol were only detected in fruits and vitisin A was not detected. Contents of piceid and rhaponticin were higher than those of aglycone forms, rhapontigenin and resveratrol.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

We bred a mulberry cultivar named Sangberry, through local adaptability test, which is under registration as a new cultivar for fruit production. Local adaptability test had been carried out at four places(Suwon, Kongju, Jangseong and Sangju) for six years from 2005. This is tetraploidy variety belonging to(Morus alba L.) made by colchicine treatment on growing point of winter buds. Sangberry was high yielding cultivar in fruit productivity by 70% compared to control cultivar "Chungilppong(Morus alba L.)" for four years. Although Sangberry was a little lower in sugar content of mulberry fruits, it contains more bioactive materials like C3G, rutin and amino acids than Chungilppong. It is adaptable to every where except the places where cold damage and sclerotic disease happen frequently.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.708-714
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• 2003

Oddi is a mulberry (Morus alba L) fruit which has antiinflammatory and antioxidative effects. This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of Oddi-Pyun which was manufactured with various addition levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4％) of Oddi extract according to the traditional Korean Kwaypun (a kind of jelly) methodology. Oddi-Pyun was made with various levels of Oddi extract, mungbean starch (9％) and sugar (30％). To establish the additional amount of mulberry fruit extract, sensory evaluation and physical test were carried out. From the results of sensory evaluation, the 2％ of Oddi-Pyun was judged as the best in terms of color, flavor, hardness and elasticity. According to texture characteristics (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness), 1.0％ and 2.0％ of Oddi-Pyun were judged as the best. The contents of Ca (69.50, 74.75, 84.25, 100.60, 183.55ppm), Mg(27.37, 29.38, 34.20, 46.73, 97.45ppm) and Fe (320.23, 572.45, 680.50, 725.95, 906.50ppb) increased with increasing Oddi extract. Therefore, the optimal added amount of extract for the manufacture of Oddi-Pyun was proposed as 2％ to the total weight. It was concluded that this Oddi-Pyun would be helpful to improve the health status of rheumatics and patients with similar diseases.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 1966

Various relationships with the leaf yield per 1,000m in the length of mulberry branch were investigated. The results obtained are as followings. 1. Relationship with the mulberry varieties. There were little differences of the leaf yield among the mulberry varieties, being 106∼109kg in an average and the distributions of the leaf yield were of 60∼160kg class for Morus bombycis Koidz, 50-17kg class for Morus Lhou(Ser.) Koidz and 50∼180kg class for Morus alba L. Otherwise, 79 per cent of all varieties was between 80∼140kg class to which 85 per cent of only Morus Lhou(Ser.) Koidz belonged. There was one or two peaks for each strains, for example, the peak at 80∼90kg class and at 120∼140kg class in Morus bombycis Koidz showed the best yield, the peak at 90∼100kg class in Morus alba L. and 100∼110kg class in Morus Lhou(Ser.) Koidz. 2. Relationship with the pruning. The multi-stemed pruning showed 149kg mulberry leaf yield which was more 75 per cent increase than the low-stemed pruning, 85kg. 3. Relationship with the degree of cutting off. The leaf yield varied according to the degree of cutting off the branch, such as, 166kg in 1/3 cutting off the branch and 180kg in $\frac{1}{2}$ which were more 19 per cent and 34 per cent increase of 140kg in non-cutting off the branch, respectively. The main cause of the leaf increase was thought because of the increase of young branch. 4. Relationship with the branch diameter. In the relation to the leaf yield per 1,000m in branch length, there was no significance comparing 66kg for thin branch with 80kg for medium one ana the thick branch had 150kg leaf yield and increased 88 per cent when compared with the medium one. In the relation to the leaf yield per l0cm in diameter, 811g leaves for thin branch and 875g for medium one were produced, but there was no significance between them. Thick branch had 1,461g, and increased 67 per cent when compared with medium one and the average yield was 1,201g for total branch.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.823-831
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• 2015

Evaluation of biological activity and analysis of functional constituents from water and ethanol extracts of four different parts of mulberry (Morus alba L.) tree were carried out to develop functional ingredients and foods using extracts of mulberry tree. The water and ethanol extracts of four different parts of mulberry tree were prepared and their biological activities and functional constituents determined by in vitro assays and HPLC, respectively. In general, ethanol extracts showed stronger biological activities and higher functional constituents than water extracts. Ethanol extracts of mulberry fruit, root bark, and twig showed stronger antioxidant ($IC_{50}=128.4{\mu}g/mL$), ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=12.0{\mu}g/mL$), and lipoxygenase ($IC_{50}=36.3{\mu}g/mL$) and tyrosinase ($IC_{50}=410.3{\mu}g/mL$) inhibitory activities, respectively, than those of other parts. Mulberry fruit and leaf showed the highest contents of anthocyanin (cyanidin 3-glucoside: 213.20 mg/100 g) and chlorogenic acid (514.97 mg/100 g), and especially ethanol extract of mulberry leaf contained higher quercetin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)glucoside (143.25 mg/100 g) and kaempferol 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)glucoside (30.25 mg/100 g) contents without water extract of mulberry leaf. Meanwhile, mulberry twig contained both oxyresveratrol glycoside (48.90 mg/100 g) and its aglycone (21.88 mg/100 g), whereas mulberry root bark contained mostly oxyresveratrol glycoside (724.05 mg/100 g). Additionally, mulberry root bark and leaf contained much higher ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (223.90 mg/100 g) and 1-deoxynojirimycin (86.07 mg/100 g) contents, respectively, than other parts of mulberry tree. These results suggest that high quality processed foods and functional foods using mixtures of mulberry fruits, leaves, twigs, and root barks should be developed for prevention and inhibition of several pathological disorders.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.434-438
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• 1990

The methanolic extract of the root-bark of Morus alba L.(Mulberry tree) has the potent antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Its active component was identified to be sanggenon C. The active component had stronger anti-bacterial activity than berberine, having minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of this component on the cellular adherence of Streptococcus mutans to glass surfaces also was more remarkable than that of berberine in the presence of glucosyltransferase(GTase) and sucrose in vitro. These results indicate that sanggenon C may play an important role in inhibiting plaque formation and caries incidence.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

To evaluate the growth rate of larval and pupal parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori fed with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps) treated $MR_2$ mulberry leaves, the following works have been considered. The AgNp was synthesized by chemical reduction method, it was diluted by different concentrations such as 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (without dilution). Fresh mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) were sprayed by each concentration and were fed to silkworms, from $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ instar, five feedings/day. Group $T_1$ larvae received $MR_2$ mulberry leaves sprayed with distilled water and served as control, group $T_2$, $T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$ larvae received 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% AgNps sprayed mulberry leaves, respectively. Silkworm larvae fed on M. alba ($MR_2$) leaves sprayed with 25% concentration of AgNps (group $T_2$) was significantly increased the larvae and cocoon length, width and weight as compared to those fed on control (group $T_1$) $MR_2$ mulberry leaves and other groups ($T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$). Hence, 25% AgNps dose was fixed as an effective dose. It has been observed from the present study that 25% AgNps treated (group $T_2$) leaves fed by silkworms have enhanced the larval and pupal growth and quantity of silk production than control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.46-49
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• 2003

We examined crude drug that originated from Mulberry (Morus alba L., Family; Morceae) leaves containing many nutritional components, which are the best food source for silk worms. The anti-inflammatory effects of mulberry leaves using lipopolysaccaride -stimulated microglia BV-2 and macrophage Raw 264.7 cells were investigated. (omitted)