• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2005

The human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) has been an important tool in the field of forensic investigations. Within the entire mtDNA molecule, the non-coding control region which is approximately 1,100 bp including hypervariable region I and II (HV1 and HV2) is widely studied because it is highly polymorphic and useful for human identification purposes. In this study, 360 unrelated Koreans were analyzed in HV1. The number of polymorphic sites and genetic lineage were 124 and 210, respectively. The most prevalent substitution was C-T and 75.8% of DNA showed C-T substitution at 16223. There were 20 kinds of polymorphism between 16180 and 16193 including insertion and deletion. The most frequent haplotype was [16223T, 16362C] representing 5%. Approximately 25.9% of DNA showed the same haplotype in at least two samples. The gene diversity was calculated to 0.996 and the probability of two unrelated perosons having the same haplotype was determined to 0.7%.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.469-472
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• 2008

녹용은 사슴의 뿔을 통칭해 일컫는 말로서 우리나라는 전 세계 녹용 소비량의 80%를 점유하고 있다. 하지만 국내에서 선호되는 것은 러시아산 붉은 사슴 즉, 원용으로 칭하는 것으로 가격 면에서 가장 고가이다. 따라서 수입되는 녹용의 일부가 러시아 산으로 둔갑 판매되는 경우가 발생되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 현재 주로 수입되는 녹용으로부터 미토콘드리아 DNA(mtDNA)의 D-loop 유전자의 일부를 PCR로 증폭하고 이들의 염기서열 분석을 통해서 각 수입지역 녹용에 특이적인 RFLP 마커를 탐색하고 이를 녹용의 유전자 감별에 적용코자 하는 것이다. 결과적으로 TaaI과 HaaI 두 종류의 제한효소가 녹용의 원산지를 구별할 수 있는 RFLP 마커로 이용 가능성이 확인되었다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 1989

For the purpose of isolation of the Zymomonas mobilis DNA fragments showing promoter activity in Escherichia coli, a promoter screening vector, PCMT215 was constructed by transferring a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene of pYEJ001 into pMT21 which contains $\beta$-lactamase gene and multiple cloning sites. A library of Z, mobilis Sau3AI DNA fragments was constructed in E. coli using the newly constructed pCMT215. Fourteen clones showing resistance to chloramphenicol ranging in concentration from 30 to 750 $\mu$g/$m\ell$ were selected. From five clones of them, the Z. mobilis DNA fragments expressing CAT gene of the recombinant plasmids were sequenced and then sites of transcriptional initiation were identified. The nucleotide sequences of the cloned DNA shared AT rich regions, poly A's or T's stretches and palindromic regions. The positions of transcriptional initiation for CAT gene occurred at more than one site spaced over by 4 to 190 base pairs on the cloned fragments in E. coli.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 1997

Age-dependent deletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was detected in mouse brain using PCR method. The size of the deleted fragment was 0.5 kb, 0.9 kb. 1.7 kb and 4.3 kb in the region between cytochrome b gene and ATPase 6 gene. The deleted fragment was increased gradually from 3-month to 22month Direct repeat sequence flanking the deletion in 0.5 kb PCR product was TAAT.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2008

It is estimated that over 80% of deer antlers produced in the world are consumed in Korea. However, mislabeling or fraudulent replacement of costly antlers with cheaper ones is one of the most common problems in the domestic antler market. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of technology to identify species of antlers. This study was carried out to develop an accurate and reliable method for the identification and authentication of species or subspecies of antlers using DNA sequence analysis and comparison of mitochondrial cytochrome band D-loop region genes among antlers of five deer species, Cervus elaphus sibericus, Cervus elaphus canadensis, Cervus nippon, Cervus elaphus bactrianus and Rangifer tarandus. A variable region of cytochrome band D-loop genes was amplified using PCR with specifically designed primers and sequenced directly. The cytochrome band D-loop region genes showed different DNA sequences between the species of antlers and thus it is possible to differentiate between species on the basis of sequence variation. To distinguish between reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antlers and other deer antlers, PCR amplicons of the cytochrome b gene were digested with the restriction enzymes NlaIV and TaqI, respectively, which generates a species-specific DNA profile of the reindeer. In addition, samples of 32 sliced antlers labeled Cervus elaphus sibericus from commercial markets were collected randomly and the mt DNA D-loop region of these antler samples was sequenced. Among the antler samples investigated, only 62.5% were from Cervus elaphus sibericus, and others were from Cervus elaphus bactrianus (25.0%), elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Our results suggest that DNA sequencing of mt DNA and PCR-RFLP methods using NlaIV and TaqI enzymes are useful for the identification and discrimination of deer antler species by routine analysis.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2011

Genetic determinant for metallothionein (MT), a cysteine-rich protein playing essential roles in metal detoxification and homeostasis, was characterized in the Korean bitterling (Acheilognathus signifer, Cyprinidae), an endemic fish species. The full-length A. signifer MT (AsMT) cDNA (551 bp) is composed of a single open-reading frame (ORF) to encode a polypeptide of 60 amino acids containing 20 cysteine residues whose positions are conserved in most cypriniform MTs. At the genomic level, the AsMT (2,593 bp spanning the 5'-flanking region to the 3'-untranslated region) represented a conserved tripartite (three exons interrupted by two introns) structure with AT-rich introns. The upstream regulatory region (-1,914 bp from the ATG initiation codon) of AsMT displayed various sites and motifs for transcription factors involved in the metal-mediated regulation and stress/immune responses. The AsMT transcript was ubiquitously detected in various organs with variable expression levels, where the ovary and intestine showed the highest expression, while the heart and skeletal muscle represented the lowest level. During an exposure to copper (immersion in $0.5\;{\mu}M$ Cu for 48 h), the levels of AsMT transcripts were significantly elevated in the liver (more than 3.5-fold), moderately in the gill, kidney, and spleen (ranging from 1.5- to 2.5-fold), and barely in the brain and intestine. Results of this study could form a useful basis to explore the metal-related stress physiology of this endangered fish species.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.937-946
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• 2004

Duroc is widely used to improve the meat quality and productivity. To elucidate the phylogenetic relation and the sequence specificity for the maternal property, the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome was determined and the population diversity of Duroc was investigated in this study. The length of mtDNA tested is 16,584-bp. There are several insertion/deletion mutations in the control region and coding regions for tRNA and rRNA, respectively, but not in peptide-coding regions. Four peptide-coding genes(COⅡ, COⅢ, ND3 and ND4) showed incomplete termination codon sequences such as T--, and two(ND2 and ND4L) did alternative initiation codons(AIC), respectively. Especially, the initiation codon sequences of ND2 gene were polymorphic in this population. Polymorphisms were detected in 11-bp duplication motif within control region as well as ND2 and CYTB. Variation patterns observed from the tests on three mtDNA regions were linked completely and then two haplotypes obtained from combining the data dividing this population. Duroc mtDNA is observed at the European pig cluster in the phylogenetic tree, however, the results from the population analyses supported previous opinions. This study suggests that the breed Duroc was mainly originated from the European pig lineage, and Asian lineage was also used to form the pig breed Duroc as maternal progenitors.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

We analyzed partial sequences of cytochrome b (cyt-b), a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene, to determine the genetic relationships between six horsehead fish species: Branchiostegus japonicus, Branchiostegus albus, Branchiostegus auratus, Branchiostegus argentatus, Branchiostegus wardi, and an unidentified Branchiostegus species. The specimens were collected in Korea, China, Japan, and Vietnam. We compared their molecular phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA cyt-b sequences with an osteological analysis. The unidentified species, B. sp., was similar to B. albus in terms of the lack of triangular silver-white dot at the posterior region of eyes (vs. large one present in B. japonicus), but was also similar to B. japonicus in terms of the presence of a straight-shaped first hemal spine (vs. a curve-shaped hemal spine in B. albus). Analysis of the mtDNA cyt-b sequences indicated that the smallest estimated sequence divergence was between the B. japonicus and B. sp. (0.70-0.94%), whereas the largest difference was between B. auratus and B. argentatus (23.06-23.36%). Both the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees showed that the B. sp. was closely clustered with B. japonicus, and that B. auratus was most distant from the other species. When comparing the osteological characters, UPGMA tree showed that the B. japonicus and B. sp. were the most closely clustered species, and B. auratus was the most distantly clustered fish relative to the other species. The shape of the nasal, otolith and first hemal spine was informative for distinguishing B. auratus from the other species. These osteological differences were consistent with the differences in mtDNA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1085-1090
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• 2009

There are currently five primary breeds of Chinese gamecock, the Henan, Luxi, Tulufan, Xishuangbanna andZhangzhou. Though there is historical evidence of cockfighting in China dating as far back as 2,800 years, the origin and genetic relationships of these breeds are not well understood. We used sequence variation from the mtDNA cytb gene and control region (1,697 bp) to examine the domestication history and genetic relationship of the Chinese gamecock. From 75 samples (14-16 per breed) we found 34 haplotypes, and 45 variable nucleotides. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicated multiple origins of the gamecock breeds. The breeds in the north and center of China, Tulufan, Luxi and Henan, clustered together in a haplogroup and may have the same ancestor. However the southern breeds, Zhangzhou and Xishuangbanna clustered into two isolated haplogroups, suggesting another two origins of Chinese gamecock. Meanwhile, extensive admixture was also found because samples from different breeds, more or less, were always grouped together in the same clades. Based on these results, we discuss the possibilities of multiple origins of gamecock breeds, from both ancestral gamecocks as well as other domestic chickens and red jungle fowl.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2023

To identify sand crab Ovalipes punctatus populations and establish management units for each population, mtDNA COI regions were analyzed. As a result, the clade of O. punctatus in Korea were separated by two with a genetic distance of 0.17-2.08%, and there was no significant difference in the result of pairwise FST values representing genetic differentiation by sampling areas (p > 0.05). Also, no geographical separation found in the distribution of haplotypes and the results of the haplotype network. This result suggests that O. punctatus larvae were dispersed for a long time by the ocean current by suffering meroplanktonic period for 1 month, and increased the gene flow due to the development of the swimming legs for the increase in mobility. Therefore, in the results of mtDNA COI region analysis of O. punctatus in the East Sea, Yellow Sea, South Sea and East China Sea (Ieodo) of Korea, no clear intra-species differentiation was found.