• Applied Microscopy
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• 제51권
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• pp.20.1-20.12
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• 2021

We explored the link between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in lymphoblasts of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and compared these characteristics between tumors and control samples. Gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers was analysed in 23 ALL patients and 18 controls and TEM for morphology analysis was done in 15 ALL patients and 9 healthy controls. The area occupied by mitochondria per cell and the cristae cross-sectional area was observed to be significantly higher in patients than in controls (p-value=0.0468 and p-value<0.0001, respectively). The mtDNA copy numbers, TFAM, POLG, and c-myc gene expression were significantly higher in ALL patients than controls (all p-values<0.01). Gene Expression of PGC-1α was higher in tumor samples. The analysis of the correlation between PGC-1α expression and morphology parameters i.e., both M/C ratio and cristae cross-sectional area revealed a positive trend (r=0.3, p=0.1). The increased area occupied by mitochondria and increased cristae area support the occurrence of cristae remodelling in ALL. These changes might reflect alterations in cristae dynamics to support the metabolic state of the cells by forming a more condensed network. Ultrastructural imaging can be useful for affirming changes occurring at a subcellular organellar level.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2000

Experiments initiated 30 years ago to obtain selectable markers have led to a series of studies of Trp biosynthesis and anthranilate synthase (AS) the control enzyme using largely plant tissue cultures since they have experimental properties that can be readily exploited. Enzymological and compound feeding studies provided evidence that AS is the control point in the Trp biosynthesis branch and that altering the AS feedback control by the selection of mutants resistant to the Trp analog 5-methyl-tryptophan (5MT) can lead to the overproduction of this important amino acid. Plants regenerated from these Trp overproducing lines of most species also had high free Trp levels but Nicotiana tabaum (tobacco) plants expressed the feedback altered AS only in cultured cells and not in the regenerated plants. further tests by transient and stable expression of the cloned promoter for the naturally occurring tobacco feedback-insensitive AS, denoted ASA2, confirmed the tissue culture specific nature of the expression control. The 5MT caused by the expression of a feedback-insensitive AS from tobacco has been used to select protoplast fusion hybrids with several species since the resistance is expressed dominantly. Recently the ASA2 gene has been used successfully as a selectable marker to select transformed Astragalus sinicus and Glycine max hairy roots induced by Agrobactetium rhizogenes. These results show that the ASA2y-subunit can interact with the y-subunit of another species to form active feedback-insensitive enzyme that may be useful for selecting transformed cells. Plastid DNA transformation of tobacco has also effectively expressed ASA2 in the compartment in which Trp biosynthesis is localized in the cell.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2004

Objective: To investigate the association between endometriosis and polymorphisms of N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2), glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 genes in Korean infertile patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 303 infertile patients who had undertaken diagnostic laparoscopy during January, 2001 through December, 2003 at Samsung Cheil Hospital enrolled in this study. The patients were grouped according to laparoscopic findings: minimal to mild endometriosis (group I: n=147), moderate to severe endometriosis (group II: n=57), normal pelvic cavity (n=99). Peripheral blood was obtained and genomic DNA was extracted. The genotypes of each genes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). For NAT2, RFLP was used to detect the wild type (wt) and mutant (mt) alleles, enabling classification into slow (mt/mt) or fast (wt/wt or wt/mt) acetylation genotypes. For GSTM1, PCR was used to distinguish active (+/- or +/+) from null (-/-) genotypes. For CYP1A1, MspI digestion was used to detect the wild type (A1A1), heterozygote (A1A2) or mutant (A2A2) genotypes. Result: The genotype frequencies of NAT2 slow acetylator was 12.8%, 10.9%, 12.8% in group I, group II and control, respectively. The genotype frequencies of GSTM1 null mutation was 55.3%, 41.8%, 53.2% in group I, group II and control, respectively. The genotype frequencies of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism was 16.3%, 9.1%, 18.1% in group I, group II and control, respectively. No significant difference was observed between endometriosis and normal controls in the genotype frequencies of the NAT2, GSTM1, CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism. Conclusion: The NAT2, GSTM1, CYP1A1 gene polymorphism may not be associated with the susceptibility of endometriosis in Korean women.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.614-617
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• 2010

우리나라의 주요 양식 대상 종이며, 년간 총 생산량 1위를 점하고 있는 넙치를 모델로 하여 양식 집단의 유전적 다양성의 변화를 확인하였다. 이를 위해, 한국에서 서식하고 있는 자연산 및 양식산 넙치 각 29개체를 사용하여, hypervariation 영역으로 알려진 tRNA ($tRNA^{Thr}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$) 영역과 control region의 앞부분까지의 522 bp에 대한 염기서열의 특성을 분석하였다. 23개의 haplotype에서 522 bp의 염기 중 49곳(9.4%) 에서 변이가 나타났다. 대부분의 haplotype은 자연집단에서 유일하게 나타났으며, 오직 4개의 haplotype만이 양식집단에서 나타났다. 또한, 두 집단 사이에서는 유전적으로 유의한 집단분화가 발생하였다는 사실도 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 미토콘드리아 DNA 염기서열 분석 기법은 집단의 유전적 다양성을 평가뿐만 아니라 양식집단의 유전적 모니터링에 사용 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2012

The tiger population that once inhabited the Korean peninsula was initially considered a unique subspecies (Panthera tigris coreensis), distinct from the Amur tiger of the Russian Far East (P. t. altaica). However, in the following decades, the population of P. t. coreensis was classified as P. t. altaica and hence forth the two populations have been considered the same subspecies. From an ecological point of view, the classification of the Korean tiger population as P. t. altaica is a plausible conclusion. Historically, there were no major dispersal barriers between the Korean peninsula and the habitat of Amur tigers in Far Eastern Russia and northeastern China that might prevent gene flow, especially for a large carnivore with long-distance dispersal abilities. However, there has yet to be a genetic study to confirm the subspecific status of the Korean tiger. Bone samples from four tigers originally caught in the Korean peninsula were collected from two museums in Japan and the United States. Eight mitochondrial gene fragments were sequenced and compared to previously published tiger subspecies' mtDNA sequences to assess the phylogenetic relationship of the Korean tiger. Three individuals shared an identical haplotype with the Amur tigers. One specimen grouped with Malayan tigers, perhaps due to misidentification or mislabeling of the sample. Our results support the conclusion that the Korean tiger should be classified as P. t. altaica, which has important implications for the conservation and reintroduction of Korean tigers.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.355-367
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• 2019

Arthonia dokdoensis sp. nov., a lichenicolous fungus from the subcosmopolitan Arthonia molendoi complex growing on crustose thalli of species of the genus Orientophila (subfamily Xanthorioideae, Teloschistaceae), as well as the lichen species Rufoplaca toktoana sp. nov. (subfamily Caloplacoideae, Teloschistaceae) similar to Rufoplaca kaernefeltiana, both from Dokdo Islands, Republic of Korea, are described, illustrated, and compared with closely related taxa. In the phylogenetic tree of the Arthoniaceae based on 12S mtSSU and RPB2 gene sequences, the phylogenetic position of the A. dokdoensis and the relationship with the A. molendoi group are illustrated, while the position of the newly described R. toktoana is confirmed by phylogenetic tree based on ITS nrDNA data.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2019

Upon gene inactivation in animal models, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a useful model organism for many reasons, including the fact that it is amenable to various forms of genetic manipulation. Genome editing is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified, or replaced in the genome of a living organism. Mainly, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) is a technology that enables geneticists to edit parts of the genome. In this study, we utilized this technology to generate an mmp15b mutant by using zebrafish as an animal model. MMP15 is the membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) which is a recently identified matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) capable of degrading all kinds of extracellular matrix proteins as well as numerous bioactive molecules. Although the newly-established mmp15b zebrafish mutant didn't exhibit morphological phenotypes in the developing embryos, it might be further utilized to understand the role of MMP15 in liver-related diseases, such as liver fibrosis, and associated pathogeneses in humans.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1137-1148
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• 2018

Freshwater gobies Rhinogobius cliffordpopei and R. giurinus are invasive species with particular concern because they have become dominant and were fierce competitors in the invaded areas in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (southwest of China). Information about genetic characteristics of R. giurinus have been published, but there were still no relevant reports about R. cliffordpopei. In present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of R. cliffordpopei was determined, which was 16,511 bp in length with A+T content of 51.1%, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and a control region. The gene composition and the structural arrangement of the R. cliffordpopei complete mtDNA were identical to most of other teleosts. Phylogenetic analyses placed R. cliffordpopei in a well-supported monophyletic cluster with other Rhinogobius fish. But the phylogenetic relationship between genus Rhinogobius and Tridentiger remained to be resolved.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2024

The remarkable economic growth achieved in the modern era has revitalized various industries, including pet trade. More than 2,000 species of non-native species have been introduced to South Korea and approximately 7.7 tonnes of alien turtles are imported annually. Turtles belonging to the family Kinosternidae. They are mostly small and popular pets, although they are designated as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) species. In the present study, we present the first two species of musk turtles found in the wild in South Korea. On April 5, 2023 and July 8, 2023, an eastern musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) and a razorbacked musk turtle (Sternotherus carinatus) were captured in Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do and Jung-gu, Daejeon, respectively. The carapace length was 88.6 mm for S. odoratus and 105.68 mm for S. carinatus. They were identified based on their morphological characteristics and mtDNA cytochrome b gene. These turtles were found in waterfront areas with over 1.4 million annual visitors. Both sites were found to have threatened amphibians and reptiles. There is an urgent need to continue monitoring and conducting risk assessments for the protection of endemic species in Korea.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2000

열목어를 비롯한 산천어, 시마연어, 연어, 무지개송어 등 우리나라 연어아과 어류의 집단구조분석을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 미토콘드리아 ribosomal RMA 유전자 영역의 염기서열변이를 비교${\cdot}$분석하였다. 미토콘드리아 DNA의 125 rRNA(945 bases, 열목어 의 경우 946 bases), Valine transfer RNA (72 bases), 및 16S rRNA(1513 bases) 등 3개의 유전자 영역에 걸쳐, 최대 2531 bases의 염기서열을 PCR/direct sequencing하여 얻었는데, 모든 염기변이중 전이가 월등히 우세하게 나타났으며, 종내${\cdot}$종간변이율은 모두 $0.5{\%}$이하로 낮게 나타나, 다른 영역에 비해 rRNA 유전자 영역에서의 염기서열이 매우 보존적임을 보여주었다. 또한, 미토콘드리아 rRNA 유전자 염기서열은 연어류의 속 (genus)단계 이상에서 집단분류표지인자로 유용하게 쓰일 수 있으리라 사료되어진다. 미토콘드리아 rRNA 염기서열자료를 기초로 구성된 phylogenetic tree를 통해 이들 종간의 진화적인 유연관계를 살펴본 결과, 시마연어가 무지개송어보다는 연어와 더 근연인 것으로 나타났으며, 열목어는 가장 유연이 먼 종임을 확인할 수 있었다.