• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the effects of mouth breathing on brain activity through electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG was performed on 12 healthy volunteers of age ranging from 21 to 27 years (male: female = 6:6, non-smoker). Brain waves on resting state (Rest_N/Rest_M) and auditory-language stimuli state (Eng_N/Eng_M) were recorded during mouth and nose breathing. Four different regions (R1~R4) were classified based on the brain functionality. And each channel (e.g., Pf1 and Pf2) and frequency (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$, and ${\theta}$) were analyzed using their absolute power ratios of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results showed that there was no significant difference between Rest_N and Rest_M. Eng_N had significantly higher brain activity than Rest_N; on the other hand, there was no significant difference between Rest_M and Eng_M. These results demonstrate that mouth-breathing on resting state does not induce any significant effects on brain activity and/or functionality, even though it causes subtle temporary inconvenience. In addition to the uncomfort, the brain activity can be adversely influenced by mouth-breathing, which could lower the cognitive skills under certain circumstances.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

As attractive lips are important component of appealing faces, the study was conducted to investigate the association of mouth-breathing and thickness of lower lips in mouth-breathers and nasal-breathers. The subjects were 436 adolescent patients aged 8~18 years who took cephalometrics. The results were as follows. The ratio of lower lip thickness to that of upper lip thickness in mouth breathing and nasal breathing groups were $1.13{\pm}0.14$, $1.02{\pm}0.14$, respectively. According to subjects' skeletal pattern, the ratio in Class I sample was $1.05{\pm}0.09$. Class II subjects showed $1.20{\pm}0.12$, and Class III showed $0.97{\pm}0.11$. Mouth - breathers had higher lower/upper lip ratio than nasal breathers meaning their lower lips were thicker. Skeletal Class II patients group showed the most thickest lower lips among Class I, II, III subgroups.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2024

Objective: The study analyzed the awareness of physical therapists regarding correct breathing methods and the effect of breathing training on patients. Design: A cross-sectional survey study. Methods: Physical therapists who agreed to participate in the study, held a license as a physical therapist, and had training or experience in breathing were included as subjects. A total of 136 questionnaires were collected, out of which 129 were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items, divided into several sections covering awareness of breathing methods, breathing and muscles, breathing and mind, breathing and movement, perception of mouth breathing and nose breathing, experience applying respiration as a treatment, perception of breathing and treatment, awareness of breathing and pain, awareness of breathing and chronic diseases and prevention, perceptions related to breathing and sleep, and educational background. Results: The study found that most therapists were aware of diaphragmatic breathing, but not Lamaze breathing. 76.7% claimed to that there is a correct breathing method, and the majority were aware of the reasons for correct breathing. The majority believed in the therapeutic effect of breathing, with core exercise breathing training being the most commonly used in therapy. 81.7% of therapists had taught a specific breathing method to a patient, and diaphragmatic breathing was the most provided treatment. There was no significant difference in perception according to clinical experience, but there was a significant difference in perception according to educational background. Conclusions: The study provided clinical background on Physical Therapists' belief on correct breathing method, and uses of breathing training during treatment. The results suggest there is a need for a coherent education on breathing method and techniques among Physical Therapists.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 1986

비강(nasal cavity)파 인두(pharynx)의 주기능의 하나는 상기도(upper respiratory tract) 로서 전비공(anterior nares)을 통해서 들이 마신 공기를 하기도(lower respiratory tract)로 통과시키는 기능이다. 일반적으로 홉기가 전비공에서 후비공(choana)으로 직선으로 통과하지 않고, 전비공에서 흡입된 공기는 후상방으로 높이 올라가 곡선으로 후열(olfactory fissure)을 향하여 후비공쪽으로 지나간다. 그러나 해부학적인 이상 즉, 비후된 비갑개 (turbinate), 아데노이드증식증(adenoid hyperplasia), 비중격만곡(deviation of the nasal septum)등의 여러가지 이 부위의 원인에 의하여 정상 비호흡이 어려워지면 만성 비폐색 (chronic nasal obstruction)이 생기게 되고 따라서 환자는 입이 반쯤 벌리고 구호흡(mouth breathing)을 하게 되며 우둔한 인상을 주고, 상악치아의 발육이상을 초래할 수 있다. 여기에 필자는 이비인후과 영역에서 구호홉을 초래할 수 있는 질환들에 관하여 약술하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.649-651
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• 1975

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2008

A patient with respiratory disorders such as a sleep apnea is increasing as the obese patient increase on the modern society. Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) devices are used in curing patient with respiratory disorders and turn out to be efficacious for patients of 75%. However, these devices are required for evaluating their performance to improve their performance by the mechanical breathing simulator. Recently, the mechanical breathing simulator was studied by the real time feedback control. However, the mechanical breathing simulator by an open loop control was specially required in order to analyze the effect of flow rate and pressure after operating the breathing auxiliary devices. Therefore the aims of this study were to make the mechanical breathing simulator by a piston motion and a valve function from the characteristic test of valve and motor, and to duplicate the flow rate and pressure profiles of some breathing patterns: normal and three disorder patterns. The mechanical simulator is composed cylinder, valve, ball screw and the motor. Also, the characteristic test of the motor and the valve were accomplished in order to define the relationship between the characteristics of simulator and the breathing profiles. Then, the flow rate and pressure profile of human breathing patterns were duplicated by the control of motor and valve. The result showed that the simulator reasonably duplicated the characteristics of human patterns: normal, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), mild hypopnea with snore and mouth expiration patterns. However, we need to improve this simulator in detail and to validate this method for other patterns.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.790-795
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• 2009

This study evaluated the voice of 68 normal children and 50 children with palatine tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy with MDVP to examine the hypothesis that their mouth breathing makes the vocal folds dry and this condition contributes to lower the level of voice quality. The results showed that children with palatine tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy had statistically significant elevations in Jitt, RAP, PPQ, Shim and APQ parameters, and had the lower level of voice quality. Therefore, the children with palatine tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy need vocal hygiene education.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2020

Here, we studied the sports mouse guard as an oral device system, to minimize the sports related facial and dental injuries, jawbone fracture and brain injury, and by layering the hardened sheets for improving the activity performance and stable wearing. By pressuring and layering 2 soft- and 1 hard-layers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) thermoplastic materials, for a category of martial art, record sports and leports, here we introduce a methodology for thickness control of layers to protect the teeth and oral structure. A personally customized mouse guard optimized for sports by layering a mixture of soft and hardened sheets is not easily detached during the sporting activity, easy to breathe through, comforts to wear, and also improves the sporting record. A designed EVA thermoplastic material for individual sports is used as the mouth guard, which is stably attached, easily removed, and convenient for breathing through the mouth.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2000

The oral screen is a functional appliance, suitable for the treatment of developing malocclusion associated with aberrant muscular patterns. The better muscle balance between tongue and the buccinator mechanism can be established, and the reestablishment of normal growth and development can be achieved. The oral screen can be used for the correction of the following conditions : (1) thumbsucking, tongue thrusting and lip biting, (2) mouth breathing, (3) mild distocclusion with premaxillary protrusion, (4) open bites in deciduous and mixed dentition, and (5) incompetent lips. The patient should wear the oral screen every night and also during the day whenever possible. The effects of oral screen can be elevated through lip seal exercise : the lips should be kept in contact all the time to improve the lip seal. In the presented two cases, the patients were considered mouth breathers and to have incompetent lips, and one patient with maxillary incisal protrusion and the other with open bite. They were instructed to wear the oral screen with lip seal exercise. After wearing the appliance for 1 and 2 years respectively, mouth breathing was decreased and lip length and strength were increased, the maxillary incisors were retruded and open bite reduced.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2014

Cerebral Palsy is a genetic term referring to abnormalities of motor control caused by damage to a child's brain early in the course of development. Due to the impairment of balanced perioral muscle development, the prevalence of malocclusions in patients with cerebral palsy such as maxillary protrusion is high. But most clinicians may feel uncomfortable to treatment of these problems. Here a case report about mitigation of maxillary anterior teeth protruded in patient with cerebral palsy. 8y 4m old boy who have cerebral palsy visited our dental hospital. He showed severely protrusive maxillary anterior teeth with mouth breathing and could not close his mouth. He and his mother wanted to improve dental and facial esthetic problem. Specially designed or modified intraoral fixed appliance and rubber elastic chain was used in the therapy. Treatment carried out for 8 months and we could observe maxillary incisor angle was improved and mouth breathing habit was stopped. In conclusion, modified fixed appliance therapy for the patients with cerebral palsy might be useful. Continuous rehabilitation training of lips should be followed after treatment to correct imbalance of muscle tone.