• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2014

간장 중에 존재하는 새로운 생물활성 성분을 규명하기 위해 일본식으로 제조된 시판 간장(CSP-0)과 우리나라 전통방식으로 제조된 재래식 간장으로부터 다당(KTSP-0)을 분리하여 장관면역 활성에 대하여 비교, 검토하였다. Peyer's patch 세포를 이용한 in vitro 실험에서 간장 유래 다당인 CSP-0와 KTSP-0는 IL-6 생산 자극활성을 증가시켰지만 KTSP-0가 CSP-0보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 KTSP-0는 모든 농도에서 대조군에 비해 IgA 생산능을 유의적으로 증가시켰으나, 시판 간장 유래 다당인 CSP-0의 경우 IgA 생산증가에 큰 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. Peyer's patch를 경유한 골수세포 증식능에서 KTSP-0는 100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 대조군에 비해 높은 장관면역 활성을 나타냈으며, CSP-0는 골수세포 증식능이 거의 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 간장 유래 다당에 의한 in vivo 장관면역 활성을 관찰하기 위해 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 및 5.0 mg/mouse의 농도로 30일간 경구 투여하고 Peyer's patch 세포에 의한 IgA 생산능을 측정한 결과, CSP-0와 KTSP-0를 경구 투여한 mouse 군에서 농도 의존적으로 우수한 IgA 생산 증진활성을 보였으며 분변 중에 존재하는 IgA 함량을 증가시켰다. Peyer's patch 세포에 의한 IL-6 생산능을 측정한 결과, CSP-0 및 KTSP-0를 투여한 mouse의 Peyer's patch 세포들은 대조군에 비해 모두 IL-6의 생산능을 증진시켰으나 동일 투여 농도에서 KTSP-0의 효과가 더 우수하였다. 또한 KTSP-0의 경구 투여는 혈청 내 IL-6를 높게 증가시키는 반면 CSP-0는 IL-6 생산에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구를 통해 시판 간장보다 전통 재래식 간장이 높은 장관면역 활성 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이는 간장 제조 원료 및 제조과정과 발효에 관여하는 미생물의 차이에서 기인된 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 산양유 발효유(F-GM)의 급여가 면역 활성과 체력증진에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. F-GM을 경구 투여한 마우스의 비장세포는 림프구 유사분열 촉진인자인 ConA와 LPS에 대한 증식반응의 상승을 나타내었다. ConA를 처리한 비장세포로부터 분비되는 cytokine을 ELISA법에 의해 정량한 결과 F-GM 투여에 의해 IL-2와 IFN-${\gamma}$의 생성은 유의하게 증가하였으나, IL-4 및 IL-10의 생성은 별다른 변화를 보이지 않았다. 또한 RT-PCR을 이용한 이들 cytokine mRNA의 정량실험에서도 F-GM 투여로 IL-2와 IFN-${\gamma}$의 mRNA가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 한편 KLH(20 mg/mouse)를 정상 대조군 마우스 혹은 F-GM을 급이한 마우스에 각각 면역하고 5주째에 KLH에 대한 항체가를 측정한 결과 F-GM을 급이한 마우스에서 항체가가 유의하게 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. KLH에 대한 항체의 isotype을 조사한 실험에서는 KLH에 대한 IgG1, IgG2a 그리고 IgM 특이항체의 상승이 관찰되었다. F-GM 경구 투여가 세포성 면역에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위하여 면역개시 7주째의 마우스를 이용하여 KLH에 대한 지연형 과민반응(DTH)을 측정하였다. 그 결과 F-GM을 경구 투여한 마우스에서 DTH의 유의한 상승효과가 확인되었다. 한편 수영시험을 통해 F-GM의 경구 투여가 체력증강에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과 F-GM을 투여한 마우스에서 매우 유의한 수영시간의 연장 효과가 관찰되었다. 이들 결과로부터 F-GM은 면역세포의 활성화를 통한 면역력 강화는 물론 체력을 증가시키는 생리활성을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.81-114
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Jeseupwiryeongtang-gagam(JWTG) on atopic dermatitis by in vivo experiment using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the atopic dermatitis of human. Methods : To investigate the effect of JWTG on AD, we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results and Conclusions : In vivo, clinical skin severity score were significantly lower in JWTG group than control group. IgE, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum were decreased remarkably in JWTG group than control group and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production, secreted in Th1 cell were increased by JWTG. After experiment ended, we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+$$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$$CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It resulted that total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as normal and $CD3^+$$CD69^+$ were decreased significantly compared with control group in isolated DLN and PBMCs from NC/Nga mouse and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by JWTG. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E) and toluidine staining (mast cells marker) and obtained results that JWTG were effective to histological symptoms (dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Ear thickness was decreased significantly than the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells(ILC) and plasma cells(PC) in DLN were also decreased.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.10-23
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• 2012

Objectives: Gagamyanggyeoksan (G-YGS) has been used to suppress allergic reaction, however, the cellular target of G-YGS and its mode of action remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of extracted G-YGS on the PMA and lonomycin (PI)-induced activation of RBL-2H3. Methods: For this investigation, We examined IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression by Real-Time PCR, IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA analysis and manifestations of GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 transcription factors by western blotting, OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-13 by mouse be sensitive to OVA. Results: Here we showed that treatment of RBL-2H3 mast cells with G-YGS, suppressed PI-induced production of Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-13 in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA expression of IL-4 were completely abolished by G-YGS at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Data from a stable cell lines consistently expressing IL-4. And the mRNA expression of IL-13 were abolished by G-YGS at the $200{\mu}g/ml$. But there is no difference between the $50{\mu}g/ml$, the $100{\mu}g/ml$ and the comparison. Results from the western blot analysis of transcription factors involving IL-4 and IL-13 expression indicated that it prominently decreased the expression of mast cell specific transcricption factors including GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 but not c-Fos. And G-YGS suppressed IgE, IL-4, IL-13 in mouse be sensitive to OVA. Conclusions We suggested the anti-allergic activities of G-YGS might be mediated by down-regulation of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 through the regulation of transcription factors as GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1092-1097
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• 2004

큰느타리버섯의 기능성 식품으로서 활용도를 높이기 위해 동결 건조된 자실체에서 분리한 조다당체 추출물이 면역세포 활성에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조다당체 추출물은 300 및 1,000 $\mu$g/mL 농도에서 비장세포의 증식을 유도하였으며, 이 때 비장세포는 IL-6와 IFN-${\gamma}$ 분비를 유도하는 것으로 나타났다 조다당체 추출물은 농도 의존적으로B세포의 증식을 유도하였으며, 특히 100 $\mu$g/mL농도 이상에서는B세포의 증식이 현저히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 조다당체 추출물 1,000 $\mu$g/mL 농도에서 B세포가 생산하는 IgGl, IgG2a, IgG3의 분비량이 현저히 증가하였다. 또한 농도 의존적으로 대식세포주의 일산화질소 생산을 유도하였으며, 대식세포가 분비하는 IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, GM-CSF의 생산도 현저히 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2006

Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to result in life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised patients after reactivation of dormant parasites. In order to obtain information on immune responses related to this phenomenon, BALB/c mice were infected with 25 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, then, treated orally with dexamethasone (Toxo/Dexa-treated group) in order to reactivate the chronic toxoplasmosis. None of the T. gondii-infected mice died during the experimental periods, whereas the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice evidenced a significant attenuation of survival periods. Toxoplasma-specific IgG2a, IgA and IgM titers in sera were significantly depressed in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice; however, the IgG1 sera titers were similar to those seen in the Toxoplasma-infected mice. The percentages of CD4+ and $CD8\alpha+$ T cells in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were significantly reduced 2 weeks after dexamethasone treatment. $IFN-\gamma$ and IL-10 production levels in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were depressed significantly, whereas IL-4 production was increased temporarily. The expression levels of the Toxoplasma-specific P30 and B1 genes were found to have been increased in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice in comparison with the Toxoplasma-infected mice. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that reactivation of murine toxoplasmosis as the result of dexamethasone treatment induced a depression in Th1 immune responses, whereas Th2 immune responses were not significantly influenced.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2004

Eosinophils play an essential role in allergy reaction after parasite infection. To examine the immune reaction induced by eosinophils, we investigated the allergy reaction in BALB/c mice infected with Echinostoma hortense's metacercariae, as well as the effect of ketotifen, an anti-allergy drug, on eosinophil immune reaction in the villi of host intestine. The worm recovery rate was higher in ketotifen-treated mice than in untreated mice and the worms in ketotifen-treated mice survived longer than those in untreated mice. The antibody titer in the serum of ketotifen-treated mice was very low. Especially, Echinostoma hortense infection strongly increased serum IgE level and eosinophil infiltration into the villi of the mouse intestine. Ketotifen treatment suppressed eosinophil infiltration into the infected areas and inhibited IL-4 production. The reduced IL-4 production may be related with the reduction of IgE, IgG1 and IgG2 production. In conclusion, ketotifen inhibited eosinophil infiltration functioning in the allergy reaction induced by parasite infection and the expression of immunoglobulins and cytokines.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2006

Objective : Although management of asthma has become increasingly effective, its cure remains elusive, necessitating a new modality to prevent or eliminate causes triggering clinical progress. Based in the clinical experiences, a novel decoration Cheongsangbiyeum (CSB), has been developed to treat asthma, which consists of Polyporus, Semen Myristicae, Pericarpium citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Cortex Albizziae, Fructus Rubi, Rhizoma Zedoariae, and Rhizoma Rhei. In the current study, its anti-asthmatic efficacy was evaluated using a mouse model of asthma. Methods : Experimental allergic asthma was induced by repeated intraperitioneal sensitization and intranasal challenge of ovalbumin (OVA). Water extract of CSB (1 mg/mouse/day) was administrated orally whereas control mice on given with identical volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 5 days during the course of antigen challenge. When airway hyperreactivity(AHR) measured by ${\bata}-methacoline-induced$ airflow obstruction was compared, AHR of CSB-treated mice was significantly lower than those of control mice, indicating that CM extract can attenuate an asthmatic symptom. Airway recruitment of leukocytes and eosinophils was also markedly reduced by CSB treatment suggesting that oral treatment of CSB can alleviate the airway inflammation. For a better understanding of possible mechanisms underlying anti-asthmatic effet of CSB, cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and $IFN{\gamma}$ levels in bronchoalveola lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were determined. Results : The results showed that cytokine levels were significantly lowered by CSB treatment. Additionally, number of draining lymph node cells was significantly lower than those of control mice. These data indicate that CSB suppress in vivo allergen-specific response. However, notably, levels of type 2 cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 were more profoundly influenced. Moreover, in vitro OVA-specific proliferative response and type 2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) production lymph node cells was markedly decreased in CSB-treated mice, whereas their $IFN{\gamma}$ production was not significantly altered Thrse data clearly showed a preferential inhibition of type 2 T cell (Th2) response by CSB treatment. This finding was also supported by serum antibody data showing that levels of OVA-specific type 2 antibodies, IgE and IgG1, in CSB-treated mice were significantly lower than in control mice, while type 1 antibody, IgG2a level m rather higher than controls, although the difference was in significant. Conclusions : In conclusion, oral administration of CSB attenuates asthmatic manifestations including AHR ad airway recruitment of eosinophils in a mouse model which possibly results from selective inhibition of Th2 cell response to allergen. Our data suggest a potential clinical application of CSB for control of allergic asthma.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2014

Allergic asthma is a chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness and eosinophils infiltration. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling are closely associated with asthma and have emerged as a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. The functions of TLR3 and TLR4 in allergic airway inflammation have been studied; however, the precise role of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-${\beta}$ (TRIF), the adaptor molecule for both TLR3 and TLR4, is not yet fully understood. To investigate this, we developed a mouse model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and compared the severity of allergic airway inflammation in WT and $TRIF^-/^-$ mice. Histopathological assessment revealed that the severity of inflammation in airway inflammation in TRIF-deficient mice was comparable to that in WT mice. The total number of cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ between WT and TRIF-deficient mice. Moreover, TRIF deficiency did not affect Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in lung tissue nor the level of serum OVA-specific IgE, $IgG_1$ and $IgG_{2c}$. These findings suggest that TRIF-mediated signaling may not be critical for the development of allergic airway inflammation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.844-852
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• 2006

This study was to evaluate the effect of Yeongyupaedog-san (YGPDS) on mouse Thl and Th2 cells' differentiation and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic inflammation. The proliferation of mouse CD4 T cells and the secretion of Th1/Th2 cytokines under the influence of YGPDS extract were measured as well as the amount of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ in RBL-2H3 cells and the levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and 1L-6 secretion in Raw264.7 cells. BALB/c mice were orally administered with YGPDS extract and simultaneously inoculated with OVA to induce allergic reaction and measure the level of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE and the production of IFN- g, IL-4, IL-5 by the spleen cells. When mouse CD4 T cell were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 for 48 hours in various concentrations of YGPDS extract, it increased proliferation of CD4 cells by 11% in $100\;{\mu}g/^{ml}$ concentration but it showed an inhibition by 37% at $200\;{\mu}g/^{ml}$ CD4 T cells under Th1/Th2 polarizing conditions for 3 days with YGPDS resulted in mild decrease of IFN- g in Thl cells and significant decrease of IL-4 in Th2 cells at $500\;{\mu}g/^{ml}\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/^{ml}$ by 18% and 21%, respectively. YGPDS extract had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on antigen-induced release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ in RBL-2H3 cells. Treatment of YGPDS extract on LPS stimulated Raw 264.7 cells showed dose-dependent decrease in TNF-n production. Oral administration of YGPDS extract on OVA-induced allergic mice showed an inhibitory effect on the levels of total serum IgE and OVA-specific IgE by 25% and 34% , respectively. Culture of spleen cells with OVA resulted in significant increase of IFN- g by 44% and significant decrease of IL-4 and IL-5 by 56%, and 24%, respectively. The results show that YGPDS does not strongly induce mouse T cells to transform into Thl or Th2 but it has an anti-allergic effect in vitro, and that it also corrects the unbalance between the reactions of Th cells in allergic diseases.