• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.20-24
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• 1970

In the moor of Mt. Dae-am, the following communities are seen in successive order ranging from the north to the south; the Sanguisorba Argutipens-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens-Sphagnum community, the Sphagnum cymbifolium-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens community and the Calamgrostis Langsdorfii-Ottelia alismoides community. The properties of the peats vary according to the community type, that is, nutrients such as organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable K and Mg in the soil tend to decrease as the plant communities shift from the north to the south. The pH range for eleven stations samples was 3.9 to 5.7, and the meadian is 4.6. The content of exchangeable Ca decreases from station to station successively towards the center which is poor in calcium. Presumably there appears to be a clear correlation of Sphagnum cymbifolium with the amount of exchangeable Ca and value of pH produced in bogs by the breakdown or organic residures. The nutrient content of the representative plants of the moor shows no definite relation with the station of their habitats.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

Two ciliate species of Blepharisma were collected from the riverine wetland and mountain peak soil in Korea, Blepharisma undulans Stein, 1867 and B. steini Kahl, 1932, which are reported for the first time from Korea. The description was based on the observations of live and protargol impregnation specimens. Diagnostics of these species (Blepharisma undulans vs. B. steini) are as follows. Body length/width ratio in vivo about 6/1 vs. 2/1, shaped in spindle vs. pyriform to ellipsoid and colored in pinkish vs. reddish. Macronuclei 2 vs. 1, with 4-9 vs. 4-7 spherical micronuclei. Adoral zone of membranelles extends from anterior end to 1/3 vs. 1/2-2/3 of body length, with 47-56 vs. 33-45 adoral membranelles. The numbers of somatic kineties are 22-27 vs. 18-22.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2006

Two rare ciliates from soil under the oak tree and mosses in the top of mountain in Korea were identified as Gonostomum algicola Gellert, 1942 and G. gonostomoida (Hemberger, 1985), respectively. There is little information on their morphological features, therefore their detailed redescriptions are needed. The description was based on the observation of living and protargol impregnated specimens, and biometric analysis. Their diagnostic characteristics are as follows. Gonostomum algicola; $88-113\times30-40{\mu}m$ in vivo, colourless cortical granules, 20-31 adoral membranelles, two fronto-terminal cirri, five fronto-ventral cirri, no mid-ventral cirri, two transverse cirri, two to three micronuceli. Gonostomum gonostomoida; $60-121\times21-40{\mu}m$ in vivo, no cortical granules, 27-34 adoral membranelles, no fronto-terminal cirri, two fronto-ventral cirral rows with each row bearing three cirri, midventral cirral row with 11-14 cirri, two to three transverse cirri, one to six micronuceli. So far, total three species within the genus Gonostomum have been recorded from Korea by the present study.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.47-62
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• 2000

This study investigated the effect of soil animals at forest fire area, and it carried out the mountain located at Jundae Ri, Houeng-chen Myen, Ha-dong Gun, Kyoung-Nam Province, southern part of Korea, where burned out about 50 hectars on April 11, 1997. Vegetation of the examined area absolutely dominated with the pines of 7-14 cm in diameter and 20 to 30 years old and the rest were covered with mixed forest with a shrub such as the oak (Quereus mongolia Fisch, Quereus variabilis BI, Quereus dentana Thunb), snowbell(Styrax japonica, S, et, z), lacquer tree (Rhus trichocarpa Mig), azalea (Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz), etc. And there were simple area organized as a herbaceous plant, and the burnt area was poor experimental sites, where litter layer and herbaceous plant disappeard due to fire, and the unburnt area was rich in surface plant, dead leaves, twigs, etc. But the ground cover vegetations were poor in the unburnt area. The distribution of each animal groups, the seasonal fluctuation in population density, the biomass of meso$.$macroarthropods and the relationship between soil animal and some environmental factors were investigated and analyzed at each experimental area. The result are summarized as follow: 1. Identificated 257,087 individuals of soil microarthropods were classified into 7 classes and 24 orders of Arachinida, Insecta, Chilopoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda, Isopoda and Oligochaeta., and identified 8,006 individuals of the total meso$.$macroarthropods were classified into 7 classes and 20 orders of Arachinida, Insecta, Chilopoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda, Isopoda and Oligochaeta. 2. Among the total soil microarthropods, Arachinida formed 70.9%, followed by Insecta for 28.4% and among the total meso$.$macroarthropod , Insecta formed 57.6%, followed by Chilopoda for 23.8%.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 1996

To estimate the suitable method of phosphorus application in puddled-soil drill seeding of rice, available phosphorus, appearance of algal water bloom, and rice yield were investigated in paddy soil of Honam area from 1994 to 1995. Available phosphorus content with different regions was the highest in the east-west inland region of Noryeong mountain range and the inland region of Honam area and it was the lowest in the Charyeong south plains region. Available phosphorus content was the highest in the alluvial plains. and it was the lowest in dilluvial terrace. Frations of phosphorus in Jeonbug series were high in the order of Ca-P, Fe-P, and Al-P, respectively. Algal water bloom occurred highly in 100% and 70% basal applications before seeding, and slightly in no-fertilizer and 100% application of 3-leaf stage in puddled-soil drill seeding of rice. Suitable amount of phosphorus application was 21kg/ha in the single cropping paddy field of Fluvio-marine plain, and rice yield was increased 6% at 50% basal application.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Forest soils contain microbes capable of consuming atmospheric methane ($CH_4$), an amount matching the annual increase in $CH_4$ concentration in the atmosphere. However, the effect of plant residue production by different forest structure on $CH_4$ oxidation is not studied in Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Korean alpine soils having different forestation structure on $CH_4$ uptake rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: the $CH_4$ flux was measured at three sites dominated with pine, chestnut and oak trees in southern Korea. The $CH_4$ uptake potentials were evaluated by a closed chamber method for a year. The $CH_4$ uptake rate was the highest in the pine tree soil ($1.05mg/m^2/day$) and then followed by oak ($0.930mg/m^2/day$) and chestnut trees ($0.497mg/m^2/day$). The $CH_4$ uptake rates were highly correlated to soil organic matter and moisture contents, and total microbial and methanotrophs activities. Different with the general concent, there was no any correlation between $CH_4$ oxidation rates, and soil temperature and labile carbon concentrations, irrespective with tree species. CONCLUSION: Conclusively, the methane oxidation rate was correlated in positive manner with organic matter, abundance of methanotrophs. Methane oxidation was different among tree species. This results could be used to estimate methane oxidation rate in forest of Korea after complementing information about statistical data and methane oxidation of other site.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2005

In Korea, hundreds of abandoned and closed coal and metallic mines are present in the steep mountain valleys due to the depression of the mining industry since the late 1980s. From these mines, enormous amounts of coal waste were dumped on the slopes, which causes sedimentation and acid mine drainage (AMD) to be discharged directly into streams causing detrimental effects on soil and water environments. A limestone slurry by-product (lime cake) is produced from the Solvay process in manufacturing soda ash. It has very fine particles, low hydraulic conductivities ($10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-9}cm/sec$), high pH, high EC due to the presence of CaO, MgO and $CaCl_2$ as major components, and traces of heavy metals. Due to these properties, it has potential to be used as a neutralizer for acid-producing materials. A field plot experiment was used to test the application of lime cake for reclaiming coal wastes. Each plot was 20 x 5 m (L x W) in size on a 56% slope. Treatments included a control (waste only), calcite ($CaCO_3$), and lime cake. The lime requirement (LR) for the coal waste to pH 7.0 was determined and treatments consisted of adding 100%, 50%, and 25% of the LR. The lime cake and calcite were also applied in either a layer between the coal waste and topsoil or mixed into the topsoil and coal waste. Each plot was hydroseeded with grasses and planted with trees. In each plot, surface runoff and subsurface water were collected. The lime cake treatments increased the pH of coal waste from 3.5 to 6, and neutralized the pH of the runoff and leachate of the coal waste from 4.3 to 6.7.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.34-40
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• 2015

It is reported that the intensity of rainfall will likely increase, on average, over the world on 2000. For water resources security, many studies for flow paths from rainfall or snowmelt to subsurface have been conducted. In Korea, few isotopic studies for characterizations of flow path have been undertaken. For a better understanding of how water derived from atmosphere moves to subsurface and from subsurface to stream, an analysis of precipitation and stream water using oxygen-18 and deuterium isotopes in a small watershed, Dorim-cheon, Seoul, was conducted with high resolution data. Variations of oxygen-18 in precipitation greater than 10‰ (δ¹⁸O_max = −1.21‰, δ¹⁸O_min = −11.23) were observed. Isotopic compositions of old water (groundwater) assumed as the stream water collected in advance were −8.98‰ and −61.85‰ for oxygen and hydrogen, respectively. Using a two-component mixing model, hydrograph separation of the stream water in Dorim-cheon was conducted based on weighted mean value of δ¹⁸O. As a result, except of instant dominance of rainfall, contribution of old water was dominant during the study period. On average, 71.3% of the old water and 28.7% of rainfall contributed to the stream water. The results show that even in the small watershed, which is covered with thin soil layer in granite mountain region, the stream water is considerably influenced by old water inflow rather than rainfall.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.704-715
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• 2006

Oil spill was found in 1999 from a diesel storage facility located near the top of Baekun Mountain in Uiwang City. Application of bioremediation techniques was very relevant in removing oil spills in this site, because the geological condition was not amenable for other onsite remediation techniques. For efficient bioremediation, bacterial communities of the contaminated site and the uncontaminated control site were compared using both molecular and cultivation techniques. Soil bacterial populations were observed to be stimulated to grow in the soils contaminated with diesel hydrocarbon, whereas fungal and actinomycetes populations were decreased by diesel contamination. Most of the dieseldegrading bacteria isolated from contaminated forest soils were strains of Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Rhodococcus species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed that the profiles were different among the three contaminated sites, whereas those of the control sites were identical to each other. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of dominant isolates and clones showed that the bacterial community was less diverse in the oil-contaminated site than at the control site. Sequence analysis of the alkane hydroxylase genes cloned from soil microbial DNAs indicated that their diversity and distribution were different between the contaminated site and the control site. The results indicated that diesel contamination exerted a strong selection on the indigenous microbial community in the contaminated site, leading to predominance of well-adapted microorganisms in concurrence with decrease of microbial diversity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.161-169
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• 2000

In this study, the temporal changes in the chemical characteristics of soil in a reclaimed coastal area, the Shihwa Industrial Complex in the West Coast in Kyung-Gi Province, and the correlations between chemical components were investigated to provide useful information needed for introducing vegetation in the area. The sites were filled with mountain forest soils from 1987 to 1996, and developed into various landuses such as neighbourhood parks, children's parks, buffer greens, pedestrian roads and others. The correlation analyses shoed that pH, organic matter(OM) and available P205 had not been closely related to other chemical parameters such as various cations electro-conductivity(EC) and cation exchange capacity(CEC): especially, pH showed a very low correlation with other factors. The EC turned out to have positive relationships with cations, especially with Na+ ions. There seemed to be fairly good correlations between cations except Ca++ ion. The relation between cations and OM was inconclusive possible because the OM contents in the soils were too low for the analysis. The OM seemed to increase slowly with time and the EC decreased slowly. The salinity and CEC in the original soils decreased rapidly possibly because of leaching. It is believed that there were some external disturbances such as rainfall which had affected the soil properties. The soils sampled in dry season showed a very high salinity. From this it is possible to assume that the rainfall would affect the sol properties significantly. So it is necessary to continue further studies to investigate the impacts of external disturbances such as rainfall on vertical soil profile and temporal variations as well as to delineate correlations between parameters with external disturbances controlled.