• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.456-466
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• 2002

Wild ginseng production is increasing due to forest recovery for last 30 years. Total number of Symmani (traditional mountain ginseng digger) was 558 in 2001. Provincial distribution of Symmani in 2001 was highest in Kangwon $(32\%),$ next in Choongbook $(21\%)$ and least in Jeonnam $(0.7\%)$ and Kyoungnam $(0.9\%).$ Age distribution of Symmani was $33\%\;for\;fourties,\;32\%$ for fifties and $20\%$ for sixties. There were 8 persons in eighties. Symmanies are still keeping traditional ritual for mountain god serving clothes of colored ribbons and foods. Increased production induced open market system from underground dealing of mountain ginseng. Korea Mountain Ginseng Association established mountain ginseng assessment committee with professional Symmanies in 2001. From September to November in 2001, 987 roots were requested for quality assessment to the committee and 476 roots $(48\%)$ were passed and graded and others were rejected. Highest frequency of rejection was foreign origin. Pass rate was highest $(74\%)$ in Choongnam suggesting best place for quality. Number of collected roots in each province was positively correlated (p=0.05) with number of Symmanies. There are 3 quality groups of mountain ginseng, Heaven (pure natural), Earth (from seeding of wild ginseng) and Man (from seeding or seedling of wild ginseng with slight environmental modification). The relationship between price and age was polynomial in high quality root, Heaven, Earth and seed long head of Man group, and linear in low quality group, seedling long head of Man. The best one in 2001 was 26 g, 124 years old and sold with 109 million won. Quality criteria are age, shape, weight, color and healthy outlook. Fine roots are criteria for health status of roots and taproot is criteria for efficacy and called as medicine barrel. The implication is that ginsenosides have rarely been experienced for efficacy. The quality criteria of cultivated ginseng were originated from those of mountain ginseng. It is unique for mountain ginseng that only fresh one can be on market. Since quality criteria of mountain ginseng must be based on the efficacy experience it is well expected that present criteria might almost be established at the age of Shinnong Materia Medica.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.172-186
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• 2005

본 논문은 당대 지리산에 각인된 민족적 신성함이 어떻게 개인적, 사회적 실천과 그것의 역사적 반복을 통해 형성되어 왔는가를 검토한다. 본 연구는 '도피주의' 에 논의의 초점을 두고, 이를 위한 사례 연구로서 산사람의 삶과 부가적으로 청학동의 재발견 과정을 분석한다. 두 '산사람', 허만수와 함태식은 전근대에서 근대사회로 이행하는 과정에서 자연을 심미적 관점과 보호의 시각으로 바라보는 근대적 자연관을 암묵적으로 제시하였다. 그들은 도교적 유토피아를 찾으려는 내면적인 꿈과 근대적이고 민주적인 방식의 자연감상이라는 사회적 실천을 조화시키려고 시도하였다. 궁극적으로, 산사람의 출현과 그들의 실천은 지리산에 대한 전근대적인 지리적 상상-사회(세상)의 바깥에 존재하는 특별한 장소로서의 지리산-의 종말을 의미한다. 그리하여, 근대적 관광지이자 시민적 민족경관으로서의 지리산국립공원은, 사람들의 유토피아에 대한 꿈과, 산의 신성함과 그것이 민중의 삶을 보호할 것이라는 종교적인 믿음이 사라지는 지점에서 구체화되었다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the resources flora of Mt. ManRoi(611.7m; 37$^{\circ}$51'N, 127$^{\circ}$ 20'E), during April 1995 to September 1998. The vascular plants, which were collected from the mountain were composed of all 382 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 1 phylum, 4 classes, 34 orders, 87 families, 254 genera, 323 species, 1 subspecies,55 varieties and 4 forms. There were not rare and endangered species, while 7 taxa of Korean endemic plants, that is, Tricyitis dilatata, Clematis trichotoma, Deutzia coreana, Spiraea prunifolia var, simpliciflora, Forsythia koreana, Weigela subsessilis and Patrinia sanicalaefalia were distributed in this mountain. The vegetation of this investigated area is regarded as the boundary of the temperate middle part and temperate southern part in floral zone of the Korean Peninsula.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2009

In Korea, the direction of houses are typically determined by considering the directional orientation and shape of the mountain range rather than ignoring the geographical feature of the mountain range. Traditional villages of Korea are known to have very particular ways of adopting the geomantic surroundings of natural environment. This is very true especially have a high mountain in the back and a lower mountain in front. At the same time, most of the houses tend to prefer south as a man direction so that they can receive more sun light. However, if the mountain range faces north, it will not be easy to determine the directional orientation of houses. This paper, therefore, tries to identify how the houses of villages facing north, direst the orientation. This, the northern village, solves the problem by facing all direction rather than one major direction. The houses of the villages facing north, tend to revise the direction by changing the back mountain(주산) or front mountain(인산) that helps them change the direction towards he range of eastern or western direction. As a result, the houses tend to the direction towards east and wes compared to north and south. The directional orientation of houses was clearly distributed or concentrated by depending of the shape and directional orientation of the mountain range. This kind of research let us know the relationship between the natural north direction, the direction of geomantic surrounding, and the direction of houses in traditional Korean villages.

• 지질공학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

우리나라는 국토의 64% 가량이 산지로 되어 있어 하절기 집중호우 및 태풍으로 인해 지속적인 산지재해(사면붕괴, 산사태, 토석류 등)가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 산지를 중심으로 사회기반시설의 개발 및 확충을 통해 산지 개발이 이루어지고 있으나 체계적인 관리는 미흡한 실정이다. 산지사면을 대상으로 임도시설의 개설은 대상 산지를 인위적으로 변화시킴에 따라 하절기에 집중적으로 산지재해 발생의 원인으로도 작용한다. 이처럼 불안정한 상태의 산지환경에서 재해에 강한 환경을 건설하기 위한 노력이 절실히 요구되는 시점이다. 본 연구는 자연산지와 산지 내 임도 개설 여부를 기준으로 극한강우 조건하에서 강우의 침투특성을 고려하여 토층심도(1~5 m) 및 산지경사($20{\sim}60^{\circ}$) 조건에 따른 산지사면의 안정성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 산지사면의 안정성은 토층심도와 토층의 포화면적에 따라 안전율의 차이를 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 산지 내 임도 개설에 따른 산지의 안정성이 자연산지보다 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 강우 침투양상의 경우에는 임도 상부측 사면부에서 강우 침투수의 유출이 발생하는데 이는 토층심도가 낮을수록 유출 현상이 뚜렷이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지질공학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2017

최근 10년간(2005~2014) 산지재해 발생현황을 분석해 보면 산지재해 발생 총면적은 4,393 ha, 연평균 인명피해는 7명, 연평균 산지재해 복구비는 798억원으로 사회 경제적 피해가 발생하였다. 산지재해는 1차적으로 산지사면에서 산사태가 발생되어 2차적으로 계류를 따라 토석류로 이동 및 확산되면서 산지 하부지역의 시설지와 주거지에 피해를 발생시킨다. 이러한 산지재해의 발생원인은 자연적인 요인으로 태풍, 국지성 강우 등이 있으며, 인위적인 요인으로 산지 개발로 인한 산지지반의 훼손 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 연구지역을 3개 유역으로 구획하고, 산지유역의 지형, 지질, 산림 특성을 고려하여 FLO-2D 분석 결과를 반영한 토석류 취약성 평가 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 잠재적 산지재해에 대한 조사, 분석, 평가 방안에 따라 산지사면 및 계류에 대한 취약성 분석을 통해 잠재적 산지재해의 발생 위험유역을 평가하였다. 이를 통해 산림유역 기반의 종합적인 재해방지시설 계획의 수립 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2003년도 제17회 학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.34-35
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• 2003

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.295-295
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• 2022

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2022

We investigated the habitat distribution and diversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a bioindicator for assessing environmental changes on Geumo Mountain, in survey plots at different altitudes on the southern and northern slopes of Geumo Mountain in South Korea. From April to September 2021, we collected 1,384 individuals, 41 species, and 15 families of Carabidae from the survey sites. The dominant species collected was Synuchus cycloderus (347 individuals), followed by Carabus jankowskii (193 individuals). The monthly distributions of species richness and abundance were as follows: 24 beetles of 9 species in April, 115 beetles of 28 species in May, 288 beetles of 32 species in June, peaking at 379 beetles of 32 species in July, 354 beetles of 23 species in August, and 224 beetles of 14 species in September. Additionally, we collected 305 beetles of 32 species at 400 m, 326 beetles of 31 species at 500 m, 359 beetles of 27 species at 600 m, 582 beetles of 16 species at 700 m, and 112 beetles of 7 species at 800 m near the summit. The habitat distribution by slope was 307 beetles (20 species of 8 families) on the southern slope and 1,077 beetles (34 species of 15 families) on the northern slope. For the 307 beetles of 20 species collected from the southern slope, the diversity, evenness, and dominance indices were 0.981, 0.754, and 0.156, respectively. For the 1,077 beetles of 34 species collected from the northern slope, the diversity evenness, and dominance indices were 1.187, 0.775, and 0.101, respectively.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.132-133
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• 2011