• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2009

Purpose: The authors evaluated the clinical results and prognosis after amputating the lower extremity due to diabetic foot. Materials and Methods: From 1991 to 2003, the patients who had suffered amputation of his lower extremity due to diabetic foot ulcer were evaluated retrospectively. 79 patients were male and 6 patients were female. The author evaluated the patient who had the ipsilateral additional surgery, contralateral amputation, level of blood sugar, combined disease and mortality rate within 5 years from medical record. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival test. Results: Mean age of patients who had first experienced amputation was 63.4 years old. The mean duration of diabetes until amputation was $14.5{\pm}7.5$ years. Major amputations were 50 cases and minor amputations 35 cases. 20 patients (23.5%) were suffered ipsilateral secondary surgery including revised stump. Overall 5-year mortality rate was 18.8% (16 cases). Death rate within 1 year was 8.2% (7 cases), mortality rate within 3 years was 14.1% (12 cases). 5-year mortality rate after major amputation was 20% (10 cases) and after minor amputation was 17.1% (6 cases). It was statistically significant (p<0.05). Patient who underwent more than 2 combined vascular related disease had higher mortality rate than diabetic amputee without combined disease (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mortality rate after major amputation was significant higher than amputation after minor amputation in diabetic patients from our data.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2018

Objective : To investigate nationwide statistics on flow-diverting stent usage for cerebral aneurysm treatment and related mortality data. Methods : We requested data extraction from the National Health Insurance Service claims database using electronic data interchange codes (J3207064, J3207073). Patient and hospital information as well as death statistics were collected from the database. Results : A total of 169 procedures were performed using flow-diverting stents for cerebral aneurysm treatment from November 2014 to December 2016 in Korea. The majority of primary diagnosis was unruptured intracranial aneurysm. During the study period, nine subjects died, including one patient initially diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The crude mortality rate was 5.3%. Five patients died within one month after the procedure; therefore, the estimated periprocedural mortality rate was $3.0{\pm}1.3%$. The mortality rate as of the last day of 2016 was $6.3{\pm}2.1%$. Conclusion : In a 171 person-year follow-up in a Korean series, nine deaths occurred after flow-diverting stent treatment. The crude mortality rate in Korea (5.3%) was higher than that reported in a previous meta-analysis (3.8%).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.644-656
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• 1984

In Tetralogy of Fallot, the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease, the mortality is decreasing continuously with adequate type and timing of operation. At S.N.U.H., 195 patients were operated from January 1982 to December 1983 and 176 patients among them were analysed in the view of pre-operative pulmonary arterial condition measured by cardiac cineangiogram. The most common associated anomaly was PFO and ASD and they did not affect the postoperative course and mortality. The overall mortality rate was 8.5% in 1982 and 6.8% in 1983 but under 2 years of age, the mortality rate was relatively high as 25% in 1982 and 16.7% in 1983, and when transannular patch widening of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract was used, the mortality rate was 12.5% in 1982 and 27.3% in 1983. Preoperative angiographic measurements of the pulmonary arterial status for prediction of the ratio between the Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular peak systolic pressure were calculated retrospectively according to the Blackstones formula, and the predicted value of PRV/LV greater than 0.6 carried apparently high complication and mortality rate as 16.6% M.R. in 1982 and 11.1 % in 1983. Among postoperative complications, c-RBBB occurred most frequently about 50% but did not influenced to mortality, Low Cardiac Output Syndrome was developed in about 40%. If we select the patient who should have the staged operation including shunt operation and choose the type of RVOT relief, we expect the improvement of postoperative clinical results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.459-464
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• 2009

Data and pedigree information for Lori-Bakhtiari sheep used in this study were 6,239 records of lamb mortality from 246 sires and 1,721 dams, collected from 1989 through 2007 from a Lori-Bakhtiari flock at Shooli station in Shahrekord. The traits investigated were cumulative lamb mortality from birth up to 7 days, up to 14 days, up to 21 days, and up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 months of age. The models included fixed factors that had significant effects and random direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood procedure applying three animal models with and without maternal and common environmental effects. The overall mean of cumulative lamb mortality rate was 22.95% from birth to 1 year of age, while the overall mortality rate up to 3 and from 3 to 6 months of age was 6.14% and 12.76%, respectively. The mortality rate after 6 months of age declined as the lambs grew older. The age of dam had no important effect on lamb mortality. The type of birth was more important during the preweaning period than at later ages, and lamb mortality rate was higher in twins. The year of birth, month of birth and sex of lamb significantly (p${\leq}$0.01) affected the cumulative lamb mortality rate at all ages. The least square mean of mortality during the final one-third of the lambing period was higher than the first and middle onethird of the lambing period. Male lambs were found to be at a higher risk of mortality than females. Birth weight of the lamb had a highly significant (p${\leq}$0.01) effect on lamb mortality at all ages as a quadratic regression. Direct and maternal heritability estimates of lamb mortality ranged from 0.01 to 0.13 and 0.01 to 0.05, respectively. Direct heritability increased with age of lamb, while maternal effects (genetic and common environmental) were important in the preweaning period. These results indicate that lamb mortality can be reduced first through farm management practices and secondly by genetic selection. Both animal and maternal effects should be considered in breeding programmes for reducing lamb mortality at preweaning.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2005

본 연구는 결핵관리사업의 중요한 지표인 결핵사망률의 증가와 감소를 전국, 지역(대도시, 일반시, 군지역)별로 연도별 결핵 표준화사망률의 변화 양상을 확인하고자 시행되었으며, 1995년부터 2002년까지의 결핵사망자를 사망신고상 주소지를 기준으로 기초자치단체별로 분류하였고 2000년 현재 236개의 기초자치단체 중 도농통합시로 통합개편되었거나 분리되어 분석이 어려운 기초자치단체 4곳을 제외한 232개 시군구의 결핵사망자를 최종 분석 대상으로 선정하였다. 분석 대상은 연령보정 직접 표준화법을 사용하여 결핵 표준화사망률을 산출하였고, 각 지역별 연도별 결핵 표준화사망률의 변화를 그래프와 표로 관찰해보았다. 전국, 지역(대도시, 일반시, 군지역)별로 연도별 결핵 표준화사망률의 증감 추이를 모형적 정성 검정을 이용하여 연도별 결핵 표준화사망률의 변화 곡석의 양상을 확인하였고, 1995-1998년의 결핵 표준화사망률과 1999-2002년의 결핵 표준화사망률을 4년씩 묶어 이 두 기간 사이의 변화량을 알아보기 위해 분산분석 및 사후검정을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 100판을 이용하였다. 1. 전국 결핵사망률의 변화를 추이해 보면 조율과 표준화율 모두에서 꾸준하게 감소하는 양상을 보이다가, 1999년을 정점으로 그 감소폭이 둔화되고 있는 양상을 보였다. 2. 지역을 대도시, 일반시, 군지역으로 분류하고 1995-1998년과 1999-2002년으로 4년씩 묶어 이 두 기간의 결핵 표준화사망률 변화를 살펴보면, 분산분석을 실시하였을 때 1995-1998년의 군지역의 사망률은 다른 지역들에 비해 유이하게 높게 나타났으나 1999-2002년의 군지역의 사망률도 여전히 높게 나타났다. 3. 지역별 결핵 표준화사망률의 모형적정성 검정 결과를 살펴보면, 대도시지역의 경우 일차함수적으로 꾸준히 감소하고, 일반시의 경우 일차함수적으로 감소하고 있기는 하지만 그 감소폭이 다소 둔화되는 양상을 보였다. 군지역의 경우 이차함수 모형에서 유의하게 나타났다. 연도별 결핵 표준화사망률의 감소경향이 지역별로 다른 양상을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 각 지역별로 꾸준히 감소하고는 있었지만 1999년을 정점으로 대부분의 지역에서 그 감소가 둔화되는 모습을 보여주었다. 이러한 현상은 군지역에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 볼 수 있었는데 이에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하며 지역별로 차별화된 결핵사업 전략이 필요함을 시사하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5829-5834
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• 2015

Objective: To describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer mortality in China from 1991 to 2013, forecast the future five-year trend and provide scientific evidence for prevention and management of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for lung cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe epidemiological characteristics. Trend surface analysis was applied to analyze the geographical distribution of lung cancer. Four models, curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression, were performed to forecast the trend for the future. Results: Since 1991 the mortality rate of lung cancer increased yearly. The rate for males was higher than that for females and rates in urban areas were higher than in rural areas. In addition, our results showed that the trend will continue to increase in the ensuing 5 years. The mortality rate increased from age 45-50 and peaked in the group of 85 years old. Geographical analysis indicated that people living in northeast China provinces and the coastal provinces in eastern China had a higher mortality rate for lung cancer than those living in the centre or western Chinese provinces. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer has constantly increased from 1991 to 2013, and been predicted to continue in the ensuing 5 years. Further efforts should be concentrated on education of the general public to increase prevention and early detection. Much better prevention and management is needed in high mortality areas (northeastern and eastern parts of China) and high risk populations (45-50-year-olds).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2000

Ther effect of UV on the mortality rate of toxic dinoflagellate Amphidinium Carterae causing a red tide in the coastal area of korea was investigated in the batch and continuous-scale reactor equipped with ultraviolet irradiation-apparatus. Degussa P(sub)25 titanium oxide, a photocatalyst proved to be effective of the mortality of Amphidinium Carterae supplied with photocatalyst and UV radiation were greater than 95% in 2 minutes of UV radiation and the rate were higher than that by UV-radiation without titanium dioxide in the batch and continuous-flow scale reactor, The mortality time of Amphidinium Carterae increased with the cell density under UV-illumination in the batch scale reactor. The mortality rate in the density of $5.0$\times$10^4$ cell/mL at the same experimental condition was more than 90% in 4 minutes in the continuous flow scale reactor. The percentage of 99.9$\pm$0.1% of Amphidinium Carterae in the density of $0.5$\times$10^4$ cells/mL was died in 20 minutes when the phytoplankton was illuminated with UV-radiation without photocatalyst.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.292-301
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• 2024

It is challenging to simultaneously estimate parameters in a stock-recruitment relationship, steepness, and natural mortality rate with the other parameters within an age-structured assessment model even in a data-rich situation. Such a problem leads to uncertainty in estimates of management references such as maximum sustainable yield (MSY), which are affected by those components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of those parameters on MSY by analyzing the process of estimating the MSY. For illustration, we used two data sets: The chub mackerel Scomber japonicus in the Korean waters and the yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea in the Southern New England-Mid Atlantic. As a result, the natural mortality rate influenced spawning stock biomass per recruit, yield per recruit, and MSY, while steepness affected MSY. A sensitivity analysis enabled us to estimate the natural mortality rate and steepness. The optimal set of steepness and natural mortality was 1.0 and 0.37 per year for the chub mackerel, and 0.35, and 0.8 per year for the yellowtail flounder, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.392-409
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• 2024

The present study aims to analyze the biological aspects and population dynamics of Indian mackerel in Barru waters. Data was collected in Barru for 11 months, from June 2022 to April 2023. The observed parameters of biological aspects included gonadal maturation stages (GMSs), size at first gonadal maturation, and length-weight relationship. Meanwhile, the aspects of population dynamics encompass age group, growth, mortality rate, and exploitation rate. Data analysis consisted of morphological selection of general maturation stages, Spearman-Kärber method in estimating gonadal first maturation size, Bhattacharya method in identifying age group, von Bertalanffy function through FISAT II to measure growth (L_∞ and K), Pauly Model to estimate mortality rate, Beverton & Holt Model to estimate Y/R, and virtual population analysis (VPA) analysis to estimate stock and fish yield. The results demonstrated that GMS I was observed to be dominant, followed by stages II and III. The initial gonadal maturation was estimated to be 17.98-19.28 cm (FL) for females and 17.98-19.27 cm (FL) for males. The length-weight relationship in male and female Indian mackerels indicated a positive allometric growth. The mode grouping analysis results from the fork length measurement revealed three age groups. It was also identified that the asymptotic length (L_∞) = 29.5 cm (fork length), growth rate coefficient (K) = 0.46 per year, and theoretical age at zero length (t₀) = -0.3576 per year. Total mortality (Z) = 2.67 per year, natural mortality (M) = 1.10 per year, fishing mortality (F) = 1.57 per year, and exploitation rate (E) = 0.59, the actual Y/R = 0.083 gram/recruitment, and optimal Y/R 0.03 gram/recruitment. Fishing mortality is higher than the natural mortality rate, and a high exploitation value (E > 0.5) also reflects over-exploitation. VPA analysis on fish yields and stock estimation reported a highly exploited rate between the 11.5 cm and 14.5 cm length classes and an exceeding current yield of 467.07 tons/year with a recommended yield of 233.53 tons/year to ensure population sustainability.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제18권1_2호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2005

Studies in the evolutionary biology of aging require good estimates of the age-dependent mortality rate coefficient (one of the Gompertz parameters). In this paper we introduce an alternative algorithm for estimating this parameter. And we discuss the sensitivity of the estimates to changes in the other model parameters.