• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2010

Purpose: Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used as they have been proven by experimental studies to have low toxicity to mammals, including humans. As the use of neonicotioids increases, the number of patients with neonicotinoid poisoning has also increased. We conducted a study to investigate the clinical manifestations of neonicotinid poisoning. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients who ingested neonicotinids and who visited the emergency department located in Korea from March 2002 to February 2010. We reviewed the patients' age, gender, the amount of exposure, the elapsed time to presentation, the treatment and the outcome. According to the poisoning severity score, we divided the patients with a Poisoning severity score (PSS) of 0 or 1 into the mild/moderate toxicity group and the patients with a PSS of 2 or 3 into the severe/fatal toxicity group. Results: A total of 24 patients were analyzed. The most common clinical manifestations of neonicotinoid insecticide toxicity were gastrointestinal symptoms (66.7%) such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain and the others are respiratory symptoms (16.7%), cardiovascular symptoms (12.5%), metabolic imbalance (12.5%), renal dysfunction (8.3%), CNS symptoms (8.3%), and asymptomatic (29.2%). Twenty patients (83.3%) showed mild/moderate toxicity and 4 patients (16.7%) showed fatal conditions such as shock and mutiorgan failure. The mortality rate was 4.2%. In these fatal cases, the patients developed respiratory failure, hypotension, altered mentality and renal failure at the acute stage and they deteriorated to a more serious condition. This severe toxicity was caused by decreased renal excretion of neonicotinid metabolite, and this was improved after hemodialysis. Conclusion: Most patients with neonicotinoid poisoning and who showed mild toxicity usually improved after symptomatic treatment. However, some patients showed significant toxicity with respiratory failure and renal function deterioration, and intensive care needed, including mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2017

만성 폐쇄성 폐질환은 비가역적, 점진적 기도 폐쇄가 특징인 주요 사망 원인중의 하나이다. 말기 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자는 다양한 신체적, 정서적, 사회적, 기능적 문제로 인해 호스피스 완화의료가 필요하다. 따라서, 완화의료의 목적은 증상 조절, 운동 능력 및 삶의 질 향상이며, 아울러 급성 악화 빈도를 줄이고 질병의 진행을 늦추는 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 다양한 진행 과정 때문에 말기 시점을 예측하기 어렵다. 호흡곤란 정도, 폐기능, 혈액학적 임상 지표를 이용하여 대상자를 선정하는 기준을 마련하고 적용시점을 논의해야 한다. 질환의 특성상 진단 후 초기에는 완치 목적의 치료가 중심이 되어 완화의료가 이를 보완하는 방식으로 적용되다가, 완치 목적의 치료를 위해 입 퇴원을 반복하거나 치료의 반응이 낮고 나쁜 예후가 예상될 때 완화의료 비중이 확대되는 것이 바람직하겠다. 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에게 적극적으로 호흡재활을 적용하고, 환자의 의사결정을 존중하여 증상 악화 이전에 미리 대책을 마련하고 앞으로의 치료 목표를 논의하기 위한 완화의료 팀을 구성하고, 국내 현실에 맞는 진료 연계 체계를 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 제도가 잘 정착하기 위해서는 일차 의료 및 암환자 대상의 완화의료 전문 팀과의 협업이 중요하며, 우선 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.650-659
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• 1998

부천세종병원에서는 '96년 8월부터 '97년 8월까지 22명의 환자에게 심장외폰탄 (extracardiac Fontan) 수술을 시행하였다. 남자 14명, 여자 8명이었으며, 진단별로는 단심실증 16명(우심실형 12명, 좌심실형 4명), 삼첨판폐쇄증 4명, 좌측이소성(left isomerism), 대혈관전위증, 심실중격결손증이 있으면서 폐동맥협착증이 있는 환자 1명, 그리고 Criss-Cross 심장이면서 비대칭심실이 있는 1명이었다. 연령은 22개월부터 26세까지 분포하였고 폐동맥압은 평균 11.7$\pm$3.1 mmHg이었다. 선행수술로 양방향성대정맥폐동맥단락술(bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt)을 시행한 환자가 15명으로 평균 15.6$\pm$3.4개월의 기간을 두고 수술을 시행하였고, 고전적 글렌 수술 후 14년만에 Fontan 수술을 시행한 환자가 1명 있었다. 전대정맥폐동맥단락술(total cavopulmonary shunt, Kawashima operation)후 폐동-정맥루(pulmonary arteriovenous fistula) 발생으로 평균 37.5$\pm$20개월만에 수술을 받은 환자가 4명 있었고, 2명의 환자는 선행수술 없이 심장외폰탄수술을 시행하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2019-2025
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• 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is major health problem with high mortality rates, especially in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Telomerase function is one of common mechanisms affecting genome stability and cancer development. Recent studies demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms of telomerase associated genes such as telomerase associated protein 1 (TEP1) rs1713449 and PIN2/TERF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) rs1469557 may be associated with risk of HCC and other cancers. In this study, 325 patients with HCC and 539 non-HCC groups [193 healthy controls, 80 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and 266 patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis (CH)] were enrolled to explore genetic polymorphisms of both SNPs using the allelic discrimination method based on MGB probe TaqMan real time PCR. We demonstrated that all genotypes of both genes were in Hardy-Wienberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Moreover, there was no significant association between rs1713449 genotypes and HCC risk, HCC progression and overall survival (P>0.05). Interestingly, we observed positive association of rs1469557 with risk of HCC when compared with the LC group under dominant (CC versus CT+TT, OR=1.89, 95% CI= 1.06-3.40, P=0.031) and allelic (C versus T alleles, OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.04-2.94, P=0.033) models, respectively. Moreover, overall survival of HCC patients with CC genotype of rs1469557 was significantly higher than non-CC genotype (Log-rank P=0.015). These findings suggest that PINX1 rs1469557 but not TEP1 rs1469557 might play a role in HCC progression in Thai patients with LC and be used as the prognosis marker to predict overall survival in HCC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3139-3145
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• 2016

Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by irregular cell growth. Cytotoxicity or killing tumor cells that divide rapidly is the basic function of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, these agents can damage normal dividing cells, leading to adverse effects in the body. In view of great advances in cancer therapy, which are increasingly reported each year, we quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated the papers published between 1981 and December 2015, with a closer look at the highly cited papers (HCPs), for a better understanding of literature related to cytotoxicity in cancer therapy. Online documents in the Web of Science (WOS) database were analyzed based on the publication year, the number of times they were cited, research area, source, language, document type, countries, organization-enhanced and funding agencies. A total of 3,473 publications relevant to the target key words were found in the WOS database over 35 years and 86% of them (n=2,993) were published between 2000-2015. These papers had been cited 54,330 times without self-citation from 1981 to 2015. Of the 3,473 publications, 17 (3,557citations) were the most frequently cited ones between 2005 and 2015. The topmost HCP was about generating a comprehensive preclinical database (CCLE) with 825 (23.2%) citations. One third of the remaining HCPs had focused on drug discovery through improving conventional therapeutic agents such as metformin and ginseng. Another 33% of the HCPs concerned engineered nanoparticles (NPs) such as polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendritic polymers, PTX/SPIO-loaded PLGAs and cell-derived NPs to increase drug effectiveness and decrease drug toxicity in cancer therapy. The remaining HCPs reported novel factors such as miR-205, Nrf2 and p27 suggesting their interference with development of cancer in targeted cancer therapy. In conclusion, analysis of 35-year publications and HCPs on cytotoxicity in cancer in the present report provides opportunities for a better understanding the extent of topics published and may help future research in this area.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권sup1호
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• pp.57-59
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• 2016

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by impaired phagocytic function. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a definitive cure for CGD; however, the use of HSCT is limited because of associated problems, including transplantation-related mortality and engraftment failure. We report a case of a patient with CGD who underwent successful HSCT following a targeted busulfan and fludarabine reduced-toxicity myeloablative conditioning. Intravenous busulfan was administered once daily for 4 consecutive days (days -8 to -5), and the target area under the curve was $75,000{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/L$. Fludarabine ($40mg/m^2$) was administered once daily for 6 consecutive days from days -8 to -3. Antithymocyte globulin (2.5 mg/kg/day) was administered from days -4 to -2. The patient underwent successful engraftment and did not have any severe toxicity related to the transplantation. Conditioning with a targeted busulfan and fludarabine regimen could provide a better outcome for HSCT in CGD, with close regulation of the busulfan dose.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2013

Objective : Brain metastases in primary breast cancer patients are considerable sources of morbidity and mortality. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has gained popularity as an up-front therapy in treating such metastases over traditional radiation therapy due to better neurocognitive function preservation. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic factors for local tumor control and survival in radiosurgery for brain metastases from primary breast cancer. Methods : From March 2001 to May 2011, 124 women with metastatic brain lesions originating from a primary breast cancer underwent GKRS at a tertiary medical center in Seoul, Korea. All patients had radiosurgery as a primary treatment or salvage therapy. We retrospectively reviewed their clinical outcomes and radiological responses. The end point of this study was the date of patient's death or the last follow-up examination. Results : In total, 106 patients (268 lesions) were available for follow-up imaging. The median follow-up time was 7.5 months. The mean treated tumor volume at the time of GKRS was 6273 $mm^3$ (range, 4.5-27745 mm3) and the median dose delivered to the tumor margin was 22 Gy (range, 20-25 Gy). Local recurrence was assessed in 86 patients (216 lesions) and found to have occurred in 36 patients (83 lesions, 38.6%) with a median time of 6 months (range, 4-16 months). A treated tumor volume >5000 $mm^3$ was significantly correlated with poor local tumor control through a multivariate analysis (hazard risk=7.091, p=0.01). Overall survival was 79.9%, 48.3%, and 15.3% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The median overall survival was 11 months after GKRS (range, 6 days-113 months). Multivariate analysis showed that the pre-GKRS Karnofsky performance status, leptomeningeal seeding prior to initial GKRS, and multiple metastatic lesions were significant prognostic factors for reduced overall survival (hazard risk=1.94, p=0.001, hazard risk=7.13, p<0.001, and hazard risk=1.46, p=0.046, respectively). Conclusion : GKRS has shown to be an effective and safe treatment modality for treating brain metastases of primary breast cancer. Most metastatic brain lesions initially respond to GKRS, though, many patients have further CNS progression in subsequent periods. Patients with poor Karnofsky performance status and multiple metastatic lesions are at risk of CNS progression and poor survival, and a more frequent and strict surveillance protocol is suggested in such high-risk groups.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.475-482
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• 1998

강원도 춘천시에서 6월-7월에 채집된 밤나무혹벌의 충영(蟲廮)으로부터 우화한 기생천적(寄生天敵)의 종류는 9종(種)이였으며, 5조사장소에서 12월에 채집된 충영으로부터 우화한 종류는 8종(種)이었다. 1차기생벌은 Torymus sinensis, Torymus geranii, Sycophila variegata, Megastigmus nipponicus, Megastigmus maculipennis, Eurytoma brunniventris, Ormyrus flavitibialis, Ormyrus punctiger. Eupelmus urozonus, 이었고, 2차기생벌은 Torymus geranii, Sycophila variegata, Eupelmus urozonus, Eupelmus sp., Eurytoma setigera, Ormyrus punctiger, Torymus sp. 이었으며 2차기생벌 가운데 수종(數種)은 임의적고차기생자(任意的高次寄生者)이였다. 모든 천적가운데 밤색긴꼬리좀벌이 최우점종이었다. 춘천지역에서의 밤나무혹벌 피해율(被害率)은 세대(世代)가 경과(經過)함에 따라 감소(減少)하는 경향이었으나 밤색긴꼬리좀벌의 기생율(寄生率)은 점차 증가(增加)하였다. 밤색긴꼬리좀벌을 제외한 참나무혹사리좀벌, 노란꼬리벼룩좀벌, 남색긴꼬리좀벌, 검은남색좀벌의 기생율은 4.0%-10.5% 이었다. 밤색긴꼬리좀벌의 사망은 6월부터 10월까지의 기간에 발생되며 사망원인은 주로 2차기생벌에 의한 것으로 판명되었다. 또한 밤색긴꼬리좀벌의 우화기간은 4월초순부터 5월초순까지였으며 50% 누적우화일(累積羽化日)은 4월 21일이었다. 참나무혹사리좀벌, 노란꼬리벼룩좀벌, 남색긴꼬리좀벌, 검은남색좀벌의 50% 누적우화일(累積羽化日)은 각각 4월 25일, 4월 30일, 5월 4일, 5월 22일이었다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.28-41
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• 2003

Background : Because unplanned readmissions to intensive care unit(ICU)might be related with undesirable patient outcomes, we investigated the pattern of and reason for unplanned ICU readmission to provide baseline data for reducing unplanned returns to ICU. Methods : The subjects included all patients who readmitted to ICU during the same hospitalization at a tertiary referral hospital between January 1st and June 30th 2002. Quality improvement(QI) nurse collected the data through medical records and a medical director reviewed the data collected. Results : 1) The average unplanned ICU readmission rate was 5.6%(gastroenterology 14.6%, pediatrics 12.7%, pulmonology 11.9%, neurosurgery 6.3%, general surgery 5.3%, chest surgery 3.9%, and cardiology 3.3%). 2) Among the unplanned readmissions, more than 50% of cases were from patients older than 60 years, and the main categories of diagnose at hospital admission were neurologic disease(29.9%) and cardiovascular disease(27.6%). 3) Of unplanned ICU readmissions, 41.8% had recurrence of the initial problems, 44.8% had occurrence of new problems. And 9.7% required post-operative care after unplanned operations. 4) The most common cause responsible for unplanned ICU readmission were respiratory problem(38.3%) and cardiovascular problem(14.3%). 5) About 40% of unplanned ICU readmission occurred within 3 days after ICU discharge. 6) Average length of stay of the readmitted patients to ICUs were much longer than that of non-readmitted patients. 7) Hospital mortality rate was much higher for unplanned ICU readmitted patients(23.6%) than for non-readmitted patients(1.5%) (P<0.001). Conclusions : This study showed that the unplanned ICU readmitted patients had poor outcomes(high morality and increased length of stay). In addition study results suggest that more attention should be paid to patients in ICU with poor respiratory function or elderly patients, and careful clinical decisions are required at discharged from ICU to general ward.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2003

배경: 심방세동을 치료하기 위해 주로 radiofrequency 또는 cryoablation의 방법을 이용해왔다. Microwave를 이용하여 심방조직을 파괴하는 방법은 다른 방법과 비교하여 조직투과성이 좋다는 보고가 있다. 보고자는 심방세동의 치료에 microwave를 이용하였기에 그 결과를 보고하는 바이다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 12월부터 2002년 7월까지 8명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 성별로는 남자 3명, 여자 5명이었고 평균나이는 43세, 평균체포면적은 $1.5m^2$이었다. 대상환자 중 7명에서 승모판막치환술을 시행하였고 1명에서는 승모판막치환술과 대동맥판막치환술을 함께 시행하였다. Microwave ablation은 심정지상태에서 1회 45 watts 25초로 시행하였다. 수술 전, 수술 직후, 수술 후 약 6개월 뒤에 각각 심장초음파와 심전도를 이용하여 좌심방의 크기와 동율동의 회복정도를 조사하였다. 결과: 수술합병증이나 사망률은 없었다. 수술 중 대동맥차단시간은 평균 104.6$\pm$25.0분, 체외순환시간은 평균 130.5$\pm$28.7분이었다. 수술 후 동율동의 회복은 평균 5.6개월 후에 75%이었다. 수술 전후 초음파로 측정한 좌심방의 크기는 차이가 없었다. 수술 후 평균 5.6개월에 측정한 승모판막의 $\alpha$파는 평균 77.0$\pm$24.8 cm/sec이었고 A/E 는 평균 0.46$\pm$0.17이었다. 결론: Microwave를 이용한 심방세동 차단술의 조기결과는 다른 방법의 결과와 큰 차이가 없었다. 수술 시 적용의 편리함과 심박동 시에도 적용할 수 있는 장점으로 인해 향후 그 적용이 늘어날 것으로 예측된다.