• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

Objectives : We tried to establish standards for genuine by discriminating 3 kinds of pollen and spore herbs that are highly to be mixed with each other. Using an scanning electron microscope, we prepare a standard for discriminating external morphological characters of minute herbs, thereby contributing to the stable supply of genuine herbal medicines. Methods : Standard samples were confirmed by literature review on external morphological characteristics of original plants and herbal medicines, and collection and identification of original plants. The herbal medicines on the market were purchased and classified with using naked eye observation and magnifier. Finally, micromorphological identifications were conducted using an scanning electron microscope. Results : 1. Pini Pollen was clearly distinguished by its relatively medium size and a pollen grain with two swollen reticulate sacci at both ends. The verrucate ornamentation on the exine surface of the corpus and a sunken leptoma germ pore may be used as a discrimination criteria. 2. Typhae Pollen was distinguished by its relatively small size and a saccus on the end of a pollen grain. Reticulate ornamentation of exine surface of the corpus, and a slightly clear ulcerate germ pore can be used as a discrimination criteria. 3. Lygodii Spora was distinguished by its relatively large triangular-ovate shape and trichotomous fissure. Verrucate-tuberculate ornamentation of exine surface and trilete aperture could be used as a discrimination criteria. Conclusion : These results indicate that the use of electron microscopy is very effective for discriminating the external morphology of minute herbal medicines.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2009

An anatomically detailed elderly human body model is under development. Using the anthropometric database of domestic nation-wide size survey, SizeKorea, a standard size and shape of 50th %tile elderly was constructed. Through the local recruitment process, a male volunteer with 71 years of age, 163cm of height and 63kg of weight has been selected. The exterior (skin) and interior (skeleton and organ) geometries were acquired from whole body 3D laser scan and various medical images such as CT, X-ray, and Ultrasonic of the volunteer. A particular attention has been paid into the combining process of exterior and interior geometries especially for joint articulation positions since they were measured at different postures (sitting vs. supine). A whole ribcage of PMHS which possessed similar anthropometry and age of standard 50th %tile elderly was prepared and dissected for the precise gauge of cortical rib bone thickness distributions. After completing the morphological construction of elderly human body, the finite element modeling will be processed by meshing elements and assigning mechanical properties to various biological tissues which reflect the aging effect.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.2-10
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• 2013

A common failure in endodontic treatment of the permanent maxillary first molars is likely to be caused by an inability to locate, clean, and obturate the second mesiobuccal (MB) canals. Because of the importance of knowledge on these additional canals, there have been numerous studies which investigated the maxillary first molar MB root canal morphology using in vivo and laboratory methods. In this article, the protocols, advantages and disadvantages of various methodologies for in-depth study of maxillary first molar MB root canal morphology were discussed. Furthermore, newly identified configuration types for the establishment of new classification system were suggested based on two image reformatting techniques of micro-computed tomography, which can be useful as a further 'Gold Standard' method for in-depth morphological study of complex root canal systems.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2013

Morphological changes in the reared rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, from hatching to six days after hatching were examined during the early growth stage under starvation. All the larvae died within five days when feeding was delayed for three days after hatching. These results imply that initial larval food should be supplied within two days of hatching. Changes in the pectoral angle and the ratios of eye height to head height, gut height to standard length, and gut height to myotome height in the rock bream are alternative indicators for the identification of starving fish. These indicators might prove useful in evaluating the successful transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding in this species.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.896-901
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• 2006

Patulin is a food mycotoxin which induces genotoxicity and acute intestinal disease in infants. Patulin mainly originates from fruit putrefactive moulds, especially in apples, which necessitates the maintenance of strong safety standards against patulin for fresh and processed apples. To investigate the patulin producing moulds in Korean apples, 16 morphological types of fungi were isolated from Korean apples and a patulin producing fungus was identified based on a sequence analysis of the region of internal transcribed spacers (ITS5-5.8S-ITS4 region, 505 base pair) and the 26 rRNA D1/D2 region (527 base pair). Morphological analyses were also performed. The isolated patulin producing fungus was found to a representative species of Penicillium crustosum. The maximal patulin production ability of the isolated fungus (P. crustosum) and the patulin producing standard strain (P. griseofulvum, ATCC 46037) in an SY broth medium were 0.32 and 2.46 mg/L, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.285-302
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• 1992

Human and rat hepatocytes were isolated by nonperfusion method and cultured for longer than 5 days. Human liver biopsy sample and rat liver were used as hepatocyte source. Several physical and chemical factors which were influencing on hepatocyte isolation procedure were examined and a batch isolation procedure was established for small size sample of rat liver. Isolated hepatocytes showed normal morphlologica characteristics in microscopy and electron microscopical examinations and a morphologica response to phalloidin. Isolated cells were cultured as a monolayer and proven to have intact morphological characteristics for longer than 15 days. Because human liver sample is harder and tighter compared with rat liver, a standard procedure for rat hepatocytes was slightly modified to reduce mechanical damage. Similarly with rat hepatocytes, isolated human hepatocytes showed a normal morphological characteristics and could be cultured for longer than 15days. Human and rat hepatocytes were examined on their functional integrities including cytochrome-P450 related enzyme activity and it's inducibility, hormonal inducibility of AIB uptake and TAT activity, albumin synthesis, DNA synthesis, cellular protein maintenance. In all parameters used in the present study, human and rat hepatocytes showed normal functional characteristics.

• 한국어학
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• 제72권
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• pp.257-282
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to research phonological and morphological features in Korean Voices from Berlin. The Korean Voices from Berlin was recorded in 1917 at Berlin by 5 Korean prisoners engaged in World War I, some of them came from North Hamgyeong Province, the others came from Pyeongan Province, therefore these data show a North Korean regional dialect. The data are composed of three materials, counting numbers, reciting scriptures and singing folksongs. The results of this research are as follows. 1) The consonant system of Korean voices is similar to standard Korean. The 19 consonants are classified according to 5 manners of articulations and 5 points of articulations. 2) The liquid /l/ has three allophones, [ɾ] appeared in an onset position, [l] in a word medial coda position or preceded by [l], [ɹ] in a word final coda position. 3) The vowel system of Korean voices is similar to early 20th Korean's. It has 8 monophthongs, /a, ʌ, o, u, ɯ, i, e, ${\varepsilon}$/. 4) The 1 to 10 numbers in Korean voices are similar to Middle-Korean numerals. 5) The genitive particle '/ɯi/의' is pronounced [i], [ɯ], [${\varepsilon}$], especially [ɯ] is appeared in Sino Korean. 6) The /l/-deletion of conjugations are similar to Middle-Korean, /l/ deletion always occurred, if [+cor] consonants are followed.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

Grain size analysis is the most basic procedure for identifying the origin, transport and sedimentation processes of sediments, and is widely used in geomorphology and sedimentology. Traditionally, grain size was determined by a sieve-pippette method, but the use of automated analyzers is increasing in recent years. These analyzers have many advantages over traditional techniques, but the measurement results are not always the same. It is still difficult to solve the pretreatment problem such as incomplete diffusion and residual organic matter, and inappropriate results may be obtained. This study compared image-based grain size analysis and sieve analysis to verify its statistical reliability, and conducted experiments to enhance the measurement accuracy using shape parameters. The results showed that the image-based analysis overestimated the grain size of sand dunes by about 7% compared to the sieve analysis, but the two measurements were not statistically different. In addition, by using shape parameters, such as aspect ratio, sphericity, and convexity, improved statistics were obtained compared to the original data. Using the morphological properties of the individual grains is a complementary method to the incomplete pretreatment of the grain size analysis process, and at the same time, it will contribute to improving the accuracy and reliability of the results.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.708-715
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• 2023

Hybridization is a major production method used to combine beneficial traits from two different species to obtain a potentially dominant trait. In China, Takifugu obscurus and T. rubripes were artificially crossed, and the resulting hybrids had an average body weight 38.06-8.93% higher than that of the parental species, which enabled the hybrids to be grown in freshwater. This study aimed to provide the basic data necessary for the classification of T. obscurus♀×T. rubripes♂ hybrids in terms of economic value and market potential. Morphological comparing the morphology of hybrids and parental species, we discovered that the hybrids had intermediate traits of the parental species. In morphometrics, the hybrid index (HI) value of head length against standard length was close to the trait of T. rubripes, and the HI values of preanal length and predorsal length were close to those of T. obscurus; however, the HI values of nasal length, snout length, length of anal fin, length of pectoral fin, caudal peduncle depth and caudal peduncle length were found to be unique characteristics of the hybrids. Regarding molecular analysis, a 99.8% nucleotide sequence similarity was found between the hybrid and T. obscurus.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.96-112
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• 1993

한국산 연어속에 속하는 연어, 산천어 및 무지개송어 3종의 형태학적 비교 연구를 하였다. 연어속 어류인 연어, 산천어, 무지개송어의 계측, 계수형질을 비교한 결과 체형에선 암컷이 두장을 비롯한 13개, 수컷이 11개 형질에서 차이가 있었고, 계수 형질에선 유문수와 새파수에서 가장 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 이들 세 종은 암, 수컷 모두에서 표준체장에 대한 체고, 미병고, 등지느러미 길이, 뒷지느러미의 길이와 두장에 대한 주둥이 길이, 안경, 위턱, 뺨의 비에서 차이를 보였다. 이중 두장에 대한 안경은 암수 모두에서 산천어 무지개송어, 연어 순으로 크게 나타나 3종을 분류할 수 있는 새로운 형질로 나타났다. 유문수 수는 연어가 103~236개(평균 151개)로 무지개송어 37~84개(평균 56개), 산천어 23~63개(평균 41개)로 종간에 좋은 분류 형질로 나타났다. 본 연구에 나타난 체형 및 계수 형질 분석 결과 산천어는 연어와 무지개송어의 중간 형질을 가지고 있는 종으로 나타나, Smith and Stealy(1989)의 계통수와 잘 일치하였다.