• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.577-579
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• 2005

In this study, the automatic tracking algorithm tracing a human face is proposed by using YCbCr color coordinated information and its thermal properties expressed in terms of thermal indexes in an infra-red image. The facial candidates are separately estimated in CbCr color and infra-red domain, respectively with applying the morphological image processing operations and the geometrical shape measures for fitting the elliptical features of a human face. The identification of a true face is accomplished by logical 'AND' operation between the refined image in CbCr color and infra-red domain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 강의 영상에 포함되어 있는 텍스트 정보를 바탕으로 학습에 의미 있는 영역을 추출한다. 실시간으로 입력되는 컬러 영상에서 Canny 연산자를 이용하여 에지 정보를 구하고, 모폴로지 연산(Morphological Operation)과 연결 성분(Connected Component)을 통해 후보 영역을 검색한다. 그리고 검색된 후보 영역내의 색 정보 분석을 통해서 의미 있는 학습 영역을 추출하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 학습에 의미 있는 영역을 추출한 결과, 비교적 단순한 강의 영상과 복잡한 강의 영상 모두에서 정확한 학습 영역의 추출이 가능함을 알 수 있고, 학습에 의미 있는 정보만을 구성함으로써 적은 용량으로 최적화된 강의 영상을 제공할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.165-168
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• 2006

이 논문은 유한상태변환기만을 이용하여 한국어 형태소 분석 및 품사 태깅 시스템을 제안한다. 기존의 한국어 형태소 분석 시스템들은 규칙기반 형태소 분석기가 주를 이루고 한국어 품사 태깅 시스템은 은닉마르코프 모델 기반 품사 태깅이 주를 이루었다. 한국어 형태소 분석의 경우 유한상태변환기를 이용한 경우도 있었으나, 이 방법은 변환기를 작성하기 위한 규칙을 수작업으로 구축해야 하며, 그 규칙에 따라서 사전이 작성되어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 품사 태깅 말뭉치를 이용해서 유한상태변환기에서 필요한 모든 변환 규칙을 자동으로 추출한다. 이런 방법으로 네 종류의 변환기, 즉, 자소분리변환기, 단어분리변환기, 단어형성변환기, 품사결정변환기를 자동으로 구축한다. 구축된 변환기들은 결합연산(composition operation)을 이용하여 하나의 유한상태변환기를 구성하여 한국어 형태소 분석과 동시에 한국어 품사 태깅을 수행한다. 이 방법은 하나의 유한상태변환기만을 이용하기 때문에 복잡도는 선형시간(linear complexity)을 가지면, 형태소 분석기와 품사 태깅 시스템을 매우 짧은 시간 내에 개발 할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.455-458
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• 2002

분기를 가지는 대상객체에 대한 가상 네비게이션 시 네비게이션 경로를 지정하기 위하여 일반적으로 반복적인 형태학적 연산(Iterative Morphological Operation)중 세선화(thining)연산을 기반으로 한 골격화(skeletonization)기법들이 널리 사용되었다. 이러한 방법은 반복적인 세선화 연산 수행과정을 거쳐야하므로 수행효율성이 떨어지고, 잡음에 의하여 잘못된 경로를 생성하기 쉽다. 본 연구에서 수행효율성을 개선하고, 잡음에 안정적으로 네비게이션 경로를 추적하기 위하여 영역 중심점 선형 보간 기법을 기반으로 한 네비게이션 경로추적 기법을 제안한다. 본 제안 기법에서는 2 차원 영상 분할 후, 분할 영상에 대한 영역의 수와 영역 중심점을 기반으로 분기위치를 추적하고, 분기영역에서의 영역 중심점 선명 보간을 통하여 자연스러운 네비게이션 경로를 생성한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.450-464
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• 2015

In linguistics, stemming is the operation of reducing words to their more general form, which is called the 'stem'. Stemming is an important step in information retrieval systems, natural language processing, and text mining. Information retrieval systems are evaluated by metrics like precision and recall and the fundamental superiority of an information retrieval system over another one is measured by them. Stemmers decrease the indexed file, increase the speed of information retrieval systems, and improve the performance of these systems by boosting precision and recall. There are few Persian stemmers and most of them work based on morphological rules. In this paper we carefully study Persian stemmers, which are classified into three main classes: structural stemmers, lookup table stemmers, and statistical stemmers. We describe the algorithms of each class carefully and present the weaknesses and strengths of each Persian stemmer. We also propose some metrics to compare and evaluate each stemmer by them.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.416-417
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 구조텐서와 모폴로지 연산을 이용한 유방 MR 영상에서 흉근을 제거하기 위한 분할 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 영상의 그레디언트 정보를 나타내는 구조텐서와 복잡한 구조텐서를 평활화하기 위한 모폴로지 연산을 적용하여 영상 진단 및 영상 정합시 불필요한 흉근부분을 자동으로 분할하고자 한다. 실험결과에서 확인할 수 있듯이 정확한 분할의 결과는 향후 컴퓨터 보조 진단 시스템에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.180-188
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• 2023

The region of the marine environment between shallow waters and deep-sea (30-150 m in depth) is referred to as the twilight or mesophotic zone. This zone has been scarcely examined, as these depths are too shallow for safe submersible operation. Since 2018, a survey of mesophotic echinoderms in Korea has yielded many specimens of interest. In this study, we present two newly recorded echinoderms, Henricia irregularis and Parastichopus nigripunctatus based on morphological redescriptions with high-definition photographs and DNA barcoding data for P. nigripunctatus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-167
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• 1969

Two groups of esophagus graft were done in canine esophagus in 34 adult mongrel dogs. For the first group segmental replacement graft was done with fresh autologous pericardium tube, and for the second, patch graft was done utilizing fresh autologous pericardium, fresh homologous pericardium,and dacron piece. All eight dogs in the first segmental replacement graft group died 2 to 5 days after operation with severe empyema caused by anastomosis disruption. Among 26 patch graft dogs 2 died during operation and 7 died 13 to 18 days after operation. For the 17 long-term patch grafted survivors esophagography and postoperative weight check were done. Postoperative stool was collected and examined for dacron patch excretion. One, two, three, and four months postoperative long-term survivors were sacrificed to obtain specimens in each group respectively and the following observations were made.I. Survival; Autologous pericardium patch group showed no mortality but in homologous pericardium and dacron patch group only two thirds were long-term survivors. II. Postoperative swallowing; There was no case which demonstrated postoperative dysphagia. About half of the cases showed postoperative weight increase and in only 3 cases weight decrease followed operation. III. Dacron patch was excreted in the stool 8 to 23 days after operation. Animals which excreted dacron patch up to 9 days after operation all died of empyema due to anastomosis disruption.IV. Postoperative esophagogram; All esophagograms in each group showed no leakage of barium, no passage disturbances and no remarkable stenotic signs.V. Morphological findings; [A] Macroscopical findings; In one month group specimens of each group dense adhesion with surrounding structures was noted and luminal surface was smooth with contraction of the patched area. In two month groups anastomosis sutures were still exposed but patched area showed lesser abnormality. In three to four months groups sutures were covered completely and patched area showed only very slight signs of contraction. [B] Microscopic findings; In one month group luminal surface of the replaced tissue [transplanted tissue] showed almost complete epithelial covering that is composed of several layers of squamous cells with no evidence of keratinization. Basement membrane was also well distinct throughout. Slight to minimal inflammatory cells comprising of large mononuclears, lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed in the subepithelial fibrous stroma consisted entirely of loose fibrous tissue containing many newly formed capillaries and fibroblastic proliferation. Scattered suture granulomas were found, few of which became acutely inflamed. In two months group repairing process progressed with lesser degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and young capillary proliferation. Fibrous tissue was more matured showing even focal collagenization.Suture granuloma persisted but with lesser reactive changes. Epithelial covering was that of a mature non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. In three and four months groups the replaced area showed essentially similar histological findings. However, subepithelial stroma still consisted entirely of connective tissue without evidence of smooth muscle regeneration. In this group, inflammatory cell infiltration was minimal or negligible. Among these patch materials autologous pericardium group showed the most satisfactory repairing process.The above mentioned results may signify the feasibility of autogenous pericardium patch graft in clinical esophageal surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.168-186
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• 1969

Two groups of esophagus graft were done in canine esophagus in 34 adult mongrel dogs. For the first group segmental replacement graft was done with fresh autologous pericardium tube, and for the second, patch graft was done utilizing fresh autologous pericardium, fresh homologous pericardium,and dacron piece. All eight dogs in the first segmental replacement graft group died 2 to 5 days after operation with severe empyema caused by anastomosis disruption. Among 26 patch graft dogs 2 died during operation and 7 died 13 to 18 days after operation. For the 17 long-term patch grafted survivors esophagography and postoperative weight check were done. Postoperative stool was collected and examined for dacron patch excretion. One, two, three, and four months postoperative long-term survivors were sacrificed to obtain specimens in each group respectively and the following observations were made. I. Survival; Autologous pericardium patch group showed no mortality but in homologous pericardium and dacron patch group only two thirds were long-term survivors. II. Postoperative swallowing; There was no case which demonstrated postoperative dysphagia. About half of the cases showed postoperative weight increase and in only 3 cases weight decrease followed operation. III. Dacron patch was excreted in the stool 8 to 23 days after operation. Animals which excreted dacron patch up to 9 days after operation all died of empyema due to anastomosis disruption. IV. Postoperative esophagogram; All esophagograms in each group showed no leakage of barium, no passage disturbances and no remarkable stenotic signs. V. Morphological findings; [A] Macroscopical findings; In one month group specimens of each group dense adhesion with surrounding structures was noted and luminal surface was smooth with contraction of the patched area. In two month groups anastomosis sutures were still exposed but patched area showed lesser abnormality. In three to four months groups sutures were covered completely and patched area showed only very slight signs of contraction. [B] Microscopic findings; In one month group luminal surface of the replaced tissue [transplanted tissue] showed almost complete epithelial covering that is composed of several layers of squamous cells with no evidence of keratinization. Basement membrane was also well distinct throughout. Slight to minimal inflammatory cells comprising of large mononuclears, lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed in the subepithelial fibrous stroma consisted entirely of loose fibrous tissue containing many newly formed capillaries and fibroblastic proliferation. Scattered suture granulomas were found, few of which became acutely inflamed. In two months group repairing process progressed with lesser degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and young capillary proliferation. Fibrous tissue was more matured showing even focal collagenization. Suture granuloma persisted but with lesser reactive changes. Epithelial covering was that of a mature non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. In three and four months groups the replaced area showed essentially similar histological findings. However, subepithelial stroma still consisted entirely of connective tissue without evidence of smooth muscle regeneration. In this group, inflammatory cell infiltration was minimal or negligible. Among these patch materials autologous pericardium group showed the most satisfactory repairing process. The above mentioned results may signify the feasibility of autogenous pericardium patch graft in clinical esophageal surgery.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.129-136
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• 2006

High temperature corrosion behavior of AISI-type 316L stainless steel for the MCFC(molten carbonate fuel cell) bipolar application was studied by immersion test and penetration attack method in anode environment ($650^{\circ}C$, $Li_2CO_3/K_2CO_3=62/38$ mol%, $H_2/CO_2=80/20$ vol%) without or with different $CaCO_3$ content. Not only immersion test method but also morphological observation of samples in the carbonate melts are adopted as experimental methods. With aid of the morphological observation of cross section of samples immersed in a carbonate melt was possible to obtain penetration attack. The concentration effect of $CaCO_3$ inhibitor was investigated in order to verify the optimum concentration for practical application in MCFC stack operation. The corrosion rate in the presence of $CaCO_3$ was proven to be decreased as a function of $CaCO_3$ concentration. The corrosion rate in the presence of $CaCO_3$ was measured with a value of 6.9 mpy which is 2.4 times lower than that of inhibitor-free electrolyte. The cross section microscopy revealed that the internal penetration by oxidation in molten carbonate is very severe. In this case, the attack was occurred not only dissolution loss in the electrolyte by corrosion reaction but also weight gain through oxide layer by internal penetration.