• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.9
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• pp.76-83
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• 1993

A morphological filtering algorithm using directional information is presented. Directional filtering technique is effective in reducing noises and preserving edges. The proposed directional filtering is composed of two stage filtering processes. The opening and closing operations in the lst stage are performed for the pixels is aligned to the vertical, horizontal, and two diagonal directions, respectively. The opening operation supresses the positive impulse noises, while the closing operation the negative ones. Then, each directional result and their average value are filtered by the opening or closing operations in the 2nd stage. The averaging operation diminishes the effects of Gaussian noises in the homogeneous regions. Thus, the morphological operation in the 1 st stageremoves the impulse noises and in 2nd stage reduces. Gaussian ones. The experimental results show that the proposed filtering is superior to the existing nonlinear filtering in the aspects of the subjective quality. Also, the morphological filtering method reduces the computational loads.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1264-1270
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• 1992

MF(Morphological filter) is generally composed of several morphological operation, which are the diverse structuring element. The two basic operation are erosion and dilation. The two other operation, opening and closing, are defined based on these two operation. Performance of open-closing(OC) is better exellent than close-opening(CO) to reduce noise of image data with Gaussian noise. In this paper, to use the hybrid median filter in processing the image, is shown that hybrid median filter has better results image quality than other filters, to analyze by computer simulation.

• KIEE International Transaction on Systems and Control
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• v.2D no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2002

In this paper we present a generalized directional morphological filtering algorithm for the removal of impulse noise, which is based on a combination of impulse noise detection and a weighted rank-order morphological filtering technique. For salt (or pepper) noise suppression, the generalized directional opening (or closing) filtering of the input signal is selectively used. The detection of impulse noise can be done by the geometrical difference of opening and closing filtering. Simulations show that this new filter has better detail feature preservation with effective noise reduction compared to other nonlinear filtering techniques.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1095-1106
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• 1994

This paper presents a method for determining optimal grayscale function processing(FP) morphological filters under the least square (LMS) error criterion. The optimal erosion and dilation filters with a grayscale structuring element(GSE) are determined by minimizing the mean square error (MSE) between the desired signal and the filter output. It is shown that convergence of the erosion and dilation filters can be achieved by a proper choice of the step size parameter of the LMS algorithm. In an attempt to determine optimal closing and opening filters, a matrix representation of both opening and closing with a basis matrix is proposed. With this representation, opening and closing are accomplished by a local matrix operation rather than cascade operations. The LMS and back-propagation algorithm are utilzed for obtaining the optimal basis matrix for closing and opening. Some results of optimal morphological filters applied to 2-D images are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.6
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• pp.899-908
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• 1995

In this paper, the probabilistic relations of dual morphological operations, such as dilation and erosion, closing and opening, and close- open and open-close, and the statistical properties for a continuous stationary lst order Gauss-Markov source are analyzed. The result is that the dual filters have symmetrical means and skews, and equal variances. Also, the statistics of morphological filters are very similar with those of input source, as correlation coefficient increases.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2016

The Euglena deses group are common freshwater species composed of E. adhaerens, E. carterae, E. deses, E. mutabilis, and E. satelles. These species are characterized by elongated cylindrical worm-like cell bodies and numerous discoid chloroplasts with a naked pyrenoid. To understand the cryptic diversity, species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships among members of the group, we analyzed morphological data (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular data (nuclear small subunit [SSU] and large subunit [LSU] rDNAs and plastid SSU and LSU rDNAs). Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses based on the combined four-gene dataset resulted in a tree consisting of two major clades within the group. The first clade was composed of two subclades: the E. mutabilis subclade, and the E. satelles, E. carterae, and E. adhaerens subclade. The E. mutabilis subclade was characterized by a lateral canal opening at the anterior end and a single pellicular stria, whereas the E. satelles, E. carterae, and E. adhaerens subclade was characterized by an apical canal opening at the anterior end of the cell and double pellicular striae. The second clade consisted of 20 strains of E. deses, characterizing by a subapical canal opening at the anterior end and double pellicular striae, but they showed cell size variation and high genetic diversity. Species boundaries were tested using a Bayesian multi-locus species delimitation method, resulting in the recognition of five cryptic species within E. deses clade.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.07a
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• pp.135-136
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• 2017

When driving at night time environment, the whole body of transports does not visible to us. Due to lack of light conditions, there are only two options, which is clearly visible their taillights and break lights. To improve the recognition correctness of vehicle detection, we present an approach to vehicle detection and tracking using finding contour of the object on binary image at night time. Bilateral filtering is used to make more clearly on threshold part. To remove unexpected small noises used morphological opening. In verification stage, paired tail lights are tracked during their existence in the ROI. The accuracy of the test results for vehicle detection is about 93%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.3
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• pp.84-96
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• 1997

In this paper an efficient morphologica algorithm for reducing gaussian and impulse noise in gray-scale image is presented. Based on the edge information the input image is partitioned into a flat region and an edge region, then different algorithms are selectively applied to each region. in case of impulse noise, MGR (morphologica grayscale reconstruction) algorithm with directional SE (structuring element) is applied to the flat region. For theedge region opening-closing (closing-opening) is used instead of dialation (erosion), so that the remaining noise around large objects can be removed. In case of gaussian noise, 5*5 OCCO(opening closing closing opening) and 3*3 DMF(directional morphological filter ) are used for the flat region and the edgeregion, respectively. In order to remove discontinuity at the edge boundary, the algorithm uses 3*3 OCCO around the edge region to reconstruct the final image. Experimetnal results have shown that the proposed algorithm achieves a high performance in terms of noise removal, detail preservation, and NMSE.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1861-1871
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• 1994

This paper presents efficient real time software implementation methods for the grayscale morphological composite function processing (FP) system. The proposed method is based on a matrix representation of the composite FP system using a basis matrix composed of structuring elements. We propose a procedure to derive the basis matrix for composite FP systems with any grayscale structuring element (GSE). It is shown that composite FP operations including morphological opening and closing are more efficiently accomplished by a local matrix operation with the basis matrix rather than cascade operations, eliminating delays and requiring less memory storage. In the second part of this paper, a VLSI implementation architecture for grayscale morphological operators is presented. The proposed implementation architecture employs a bit-serial approach which allows grayscale morphological operations to be decomposed into bit-level binary operation unit for the p-bit grayscale singnal. It is shown that this realization is simple and modular structure and thus is suitable for VLSI implementation.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2004

In this paper we present the linear combination of a fuzzy opening and closing filter with locally adaptive structuring elements that can preserve the geometrical features of an image. Based on the adaptation algorithm of linear combination of the fuzzy opening and closing filter, the optimal structuring element for image representation is obtained. The optimal structuring element is an indicator of the shape and direction of an object's image, which is useful in filtering, multi resolution, segmentation, and recognition of an image.