• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.1001-1017
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• 2023

Let R be a commutative graded ring with nonzero identity and n a positive integer. Our principal aim in this paper is to introduce and study the notions of graded n-irreducible and strongly graded n-irreducible ideals which are generalizations of n-irreducible and strongly n-irreducible ideals to the context of graded rings, respectively. A proper graded ideal I of R is called graded n-irreducible (respectively, strongly graded n-irreducible) if for each graded ideals I₁, . . . , I_n+1 of R, I = I₁ ∩ · · · ∩ I_n+1 (respectively, I₁ ∩ · · · ∩ I_n+1 ⊆ I ) implies that there are n of the I_i 's whose intersection is I (respectively, whose intersection is in I). In order to give a graded study to this notions, we give the graded version of several other results, some of them are well known. Finally, as a special result, we give an example of a graded n-irreducible ideal which is not an n-irreducible ideal and an example of a graded ideal which is graded n-irreducible, but not graded (n - 1)-irreducible.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2017

본 연구는 계측자료가 부족한 유역을 대상으로 위성강우 활용 및 위성강우의 보정방법을 통해 홍수량 추정의 기술적인 방법을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상유역은 모로코 세부강 유역을 대상으로 하였다. 세부강 유역 홍수량 추정을 위한 모형은 IFAS(Integrated Flood Analysis System)와 GRM(Grid baed Rainfall-Runoff Model)을 이용하였다. 연구 유역에 대한 강우자료는 일일관측의 지상계측 자료와 시간계측 위성강우자료를 이용하였다. 위성강우를 이용한 홍수분석에서 일일 지상계측 강우량과 위성강우의 시간계측 자료를 합성하여 위성강우자료를 수정하였다. 지형자료는 90m 공간해상도의 Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission DEM(SRTM DEM)과, 1km 공간해상도의 Global map의 토지피복도와 US Food and Agriculture Organization(US FAO)의 Harmonized World Soil Database(HWSD) 토양도를 이용하였다. 과소추정되는 위성강우는 지상계측 자료를 활용하여 보정하였다. 수정된 위성강우를 이용한 유출분석에서는 첨두유출량이 IFAS는 $5,878{\sim}7,434m^3/s$, GRM은 $6,140{\sim}7,437m^3/s$의 유출이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러므로 2009~2010년에 발생한 세부강 유역의 첨두홍수량은 $5,800m^3/s$에서 $7,500m^3/s$의 범위에서 발생한 것으로 추정되었다. 보정된 위성강우를 활용한 홍수량 추정결과는 두 모형 모두 유사한 홍수량을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시한 위성강우의 보정기법은 계측자료가 부족한 지역의 적정 홍수량 추정에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제43호
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• pp.37-65
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• 2015

이 연구는 자살테러에 대한 개인의 태도와 참여의 의사 등에 영향을 미치는 종교적인 특성과의 관계를 이해하기 위한 목적이 있다. 특히, 자살테러에 대한 태도와 참여의사와 종교에는 상관관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 이에 관한 정확한 메커니즘을 밝힌 경험적 연구가 드물다. 이에 따라 종교와 자살테러에 대한 의견의 관계를 설명하는 이론적 배경에는 논의가 지속되고 있다. 즉, 개인의 종교적 헌신이 영향을 미친다는 종교적 신념가설과 종교적 헌신자체 보다는 종교의식에의 참여로 인한 공동체의식에의 강화 등을 통한 자살테러의 지지를 주장하는 협력적 참여가설이 그것이다. 이에 따라, 이 연구는 중동의 3개국, 이집트, 파키스탄, 그리고 모로코의 시민들을 대상으로 수행한 사회의식설문데이터를 사용하여 경험적 데이터 분석을 통해서 선행연구들에 근거하여 종교적 신념가설에 근거하여 종교의 중요성과 신에게 기도하는 시간 등의 요인들이 자살테러에 대한 지지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 여부를 검증하고, 협력적 참여가설에 근거하여 종교의식에의 참여여부가 자살테러에 대한 지지에 매개 또는 중재의 역할을 하는 지 여부를 분석하였다. 그리고 그외의 개인의 자살테러에 대한 태도에 영향을 미치는 요인들로 잘 알려져 있는 인구통계학적 요인들과 다양한 관련요인들이 연구 분석에 포함되었다. 연구 분석결과, 이 두가지 가설에 대해서 부분적인 지지의 연구결과를 발견하였다. 즉, 종교적 신념가설 변수들 중, 신의 중요성과 종교의 중요성을 제외하고, 종교적 기도시간의 빈도만이 중동시민들의 자살테러에 대한 지지를 감소시키는 요인이었다. 이어서 협력적 참여가설의 종교적 예배의식의 참여가 상관요인인 것으로 나타났으나, 가설에서 주장하는 방향과 일치하지 않았다. 즉, 예배의식의 참여의 빈도가 높아질수록 자살테러에 대해 부정적 태도를 견지한 것이다. 마지막으로 이 연구의 논의에서 연구결과에 대한 논의와 정책적, 학문적 함의 및 후속연구에 대한 제안 등이 논의되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2649-2653
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• 2016

Background: Genetic alterations in gliomas have increasing importance for classification purposes. Thus, we are especially interested in studying IDH mutations which may feature potential roles in diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment. Our aim was to investigate IDH mutations in diffuse glioma patients diagnosed in university hospital centre of Fez in Morocco. Materials and Methods: IDH1 codon 132 and IDH2 codon 172 were direct-sequenced in 117 diffuse glioma samples diagnosed and treated in University Hospital Hassan II between 2010 and 2014. Results: The R132H IDH1 mutation was identified in 43/117 tumor samples and R172K IDH2 mutation was detected in only one anaplastic oligodendroglioma. IDH mutations were observed in 63.2% of astrocytomas, 73.3% of diffuse oligodendrogliomas and 12.90% of glioblastomas. Conclusions: Our results confirmed other studies published earlier for other populations with some small discrepancies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3997-4001
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• 2016

Background: Cancer is a worldwide health problem and pain is among the most common and unpleasant effects affecting well-being of cancer patients. Accurate description of pain can help physicians to improve its management. Many English tools have been developed to assess pain. Onkly a limited number of these are applied in Arab countries. Our aim was to assess the quality, the nature and the severity of pain using the short McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) on cancer patients in the National Institute of Oncology (NIO) in Rabat, Morocco. Materials and Methods: The tool used is the SF-MPQ inspired from the Arabic version of the MPQ. The subjects were cancer patients (N=182) attending the NIO, from 24th October 2015 to 8th January 2016, aging ${\geq}18$ years old, experiencing pain and coming to have or to update their pain medication. Results: The rate of participation was 96.3%. Eight patients had difficulties to express their pain using descriptors, but could use the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the body diagram. The most frequent sensory descriptors were 'Throbbing', 'Shooting', 'Hot-Burning'. The most used affective descriptor was 'Tiring-Exhausting'. The mean VAS was 6.6 (2.4). The mean score of all items was 11.9 (7.8). The patients were suffering from severe pain. The internal consistency of the form was s acceptable. Conclusions: The findings indicate that most of the patients attending the pain center of the NIO could use the descriptors of the SF-MPQ to describe their pain. They indicate the usefulness of the SF-MPQ to assess the nature and the severity of pain in cancer patients. This tool should be tested in other Moroccan and Arabic contexts associated with other tools in clinical trials.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2004

Mehndi, becoming a kind of body fashion in western advanced countries nowadays, is a exquisite, classical fashion form sublimated to traditional faith, medicine and designing art. As one of the cultural arts, especially transmitted by women, a individual tradition of the way how to do the mehndi and the design has been handed down from one culture to another over a thousand of years and it is extensively using in many area, all around world today. Mehndi was used as preparing for special events or celebrations in India, Africa, Central Asia in order to pray for happiness, good luck and calm hart 5000 years ago. Especially, it is concerned with romantic love or a wedding and takes important part of a traditional wedding reception and bride adorning in the culture of Hindu or Islam. In addition to adorning skin, mehndi has various symbols, meaning, function, that is, as a speechless language, in several cultures, it has common meaning such as attraction, protection, celebration. The design of mehndi has been in harmony with the figure, colors, skin types of the dress or the ornament. According to the region, religion, design, mehndi is divided into the design of India and Morocco mostly. Indian design mainly shows flowers and paisley pattern, people widely recognize this design to celebrate and adorn bride in wedding ceremony, still apply mehndi the present time. Moroccan mehndi design, representing North Africa, characterized a bold geometrical figure which stands for belief in living under the protection from supernatural power. Through the understanding of these various meaning, function, symbolism of the design, adorning their body, the current general public use mehndi as not only aesthetic means but also another self expression.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.308-315
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• 2018

Root-knot nematodes 'Meloidogyne spp' are the most destructive group of plant parasitic nematodes causeing serious losses in vegetables crops and this damages worsened when crops grown under greenhouses conditions. In this sutdy, the distribution and characterization of root-knot nematode species collected from the Souss region of Morocco where vegetables crops intensively cultivated were determined by using both morphological and molecular tools. Out of the 110 samples collected from different greenhouses 91 (81.7%) were found to be infested with root-knot nematodes. Thirty-seven populations of root-knot nematodes were morphologically identified based on perineal patterns as well as molecularlly using species-specific primers. The obtained results indicated that Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita were identified in 86.4% and 13.5% of the total populations, respectively. The lowest incidence of root-knot nematodes (64%) was found in Toussous, whereas the highest frequencies of 100% and 90% were detected in Taddart and Biogra, respectively. As the majority of the samples have been infested with Meloidogyne species; this indicates that there is an urgent need to provide farmers with a proper control strategy.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.425-440
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• 2020

The study area is located in the southern part of the M'aider Paleozoic basin in the Moroccan Eastern Anti-Atlas. It is an arid region, characterized by minimal vegetation cover, which can provide an ideal environment to apply remote sensing. In this study, remote sensing and field investigations were integrated for lithological and structural lineaments mapping. The Landsat 8 OLI data were processed in order to understand the role of lithology and geological structures in the distribution of mineral deposits in the study area. To achieve this purpose, the Color Composite (CC), the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Band Rationing transformation (BR) tests were performed. The results of remote sensing techniques coupled with field investigations have shown that the zones of high lineaments densities are highly correlated with the occurrences of barite mineralization. These findings depict a spatial relationship between structural lineaments and the mineralization distribution zones. Therefore, the barite and Iron oxides mineralization veins, which occur mainly in the Ras Kammouna district, seem to have a structural control. The methodological approach used in this study examining lithological mapping and lineament extractions can be used to explore mineral deposits in arid regions to a high degree of efficiency.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.363-381
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• 2020

The polymetallic Co, Ni, Cu, As, Au, and Ag deposits of Bou Azzer East are located in the western part of the Bou Azzer inlier in the Central Anti Atlas, Morocco. Six stages of emplacement of the mineralization have been identified. Precious metals (native gold and electrum) are present in all stages of this deposit except the early nickeliferous stage. From the Statistical analysis of the Co, As, Ni, Au, and Ag contents of a set of 501 samples, shows that the Pearson correlation coefficient between As-Co elements (0.966) is the highest followed by that of the Au-Ag couple (0.506). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) of the grades show, that Ni is associated with the pair (As-Co) and Cu is rather related to the pair (Au-Ag). The kriging maps show that the highest values of the Co, As and Ni appear in the contact of the serpentinite with other facies, as for those of Au and Ag, in addition to anomalous zones concordant with those of Co, Ni and As, they show anomalies at the extreme South and North of the study area. The development of the anomalous Au and Ag zones is mainly along the N40-50°E and N145°E directions.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2020

The use of the geophysical method in mining prospecting has been studied in the Asdaf region (South-East of Morocco). The objective of the study is to examine the aptitude of the electrical technique, in this case induced polarization (IP) and electric tomography, combined with the electromagnetic method (VLF), in the exploration of barite . The result obtained by the pseudo-sections of electrical tomography and that of KH filtration highlighted anomalies of resistant contact (greater than 400Ω.m) and of high charge chargeability (5mV / V). These contacts are hosted in less resistant Devonian age shale and sandstone. The resistivity response obtained at their level is characteristic of the venous structures associated with barite mineralization. The direction of the mineralized veins is parallel to the direction of the fractured zones (NE-SW), which indicates that the mineralization in place is due to the tectonic movements of the Hercynian orogeny (from Devonian to Permian). These veins are aligned with the locations of abandoned mine shafts and with surface mining areas. Geophysical technique therefore seems to play a key role in barite mining exploration.