• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.211-226
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• 2006

This paper examines the crisis of the protagonist's Jewish identity in Philip Roth's Portnoy's Complaint. Jewish values are centered on the philosophy of Judaism and Jewish history. Judaism is based on an ethical monotheism which is Bible-centered. It is characterized by its covenant with God, its humanism, and its emphasis on moral action. It provides essential reasons for man's existence and stresses human confidence and sufficiency. Jewish values can be found in words such as "good," "humanity," "dignity," "responsibility," and "sense of community." These positive Jewish values pervade Philip Roth's fiction paradoxically. Throughout especially Portnoy's Complaint, the protagonist fails to embrace Jewish values in contrast to Bellow or Malamud's heroes and repeat the same mistakes eliciting fits of laughter from readers. The protagonist suffers from his strongly-felt ethical and altruistic impulses perpetually warring with his extreme sexual longings against which he struggles. His desperation grows as he finds himself unable to channel his dissatisfaction and change his situations. His dominating mother and his confusion over Jewishness and Americanism are the main obstacles to his establishment of self-identity. He attempts to build up his gender identity and Jewish identity through his ego-centric sexual relationship with shikses(female gentiles). His inability to embody Jewish values leads to the failure to fulfill his identity. Roth paradoxically shows that the protagonist's realization of Jewishness is essential to the cure for his fragmented self.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.26-41
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• 2007

There are three things that are not known to the human being. That is when, where and how one will die. Most people live ignoring death. However, elements of death linger everywhere. The purpose of this treatise is investigates about justification Deciding for Other directions. First, I will investigate about Deciding for Other directions, when patient can not decide own, I will do investigate agent's decision's problem. Second, These four principles provide the common ground for biomedical ethics. Principlism argue that a method using four principles can resolve controversies in bioethics. The method holds that there are four principles-respect for autonomy, nonamleficence, beneficence, justice- that articulate the necessary conditions of common morality for health care and bioethics. Beauchamp and Childress respond by arguing that the two problems are nc the meaning or interpretation but the process of specification. Third, So, Supplement four principles' problem to Levinas concept of the Other theory. Levinas concept of the Other is very resemblant with 'Love your neighbour as yourself." Christians believe that Love is above all and they act accordingly. They base this faith mainly upon the motto of "love your neighbour as yourself." Fourth. difficult part of Levinas concept of the Other is that there is no human to equal infinite sense of responsibility. Can be supplemented about this through cooperation of community. Four principles can be brought to bear on moral choices. And they asserts that each principles has weigh but they do not assign a priority weighting of ranking. All the principles are equal in moral decision making.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.347-378
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• 2012

Holocaust fiction has always raised the moral and aesthetic questions about the nature of mimesis and the literary representation of atrocity. The Holocaust, defying any representation of it, has been considered as unspeakable, unknowable, and incomprehensible. This essay aims to explore Martin Amis's narrative strategies in Time's Arrow to conduct the difficult tasks of re-creating the primal scene and of discovering a moral reality behind the Holocaust. One of the major narrative experiments in Time's Arrow is the time reversal: the story moves from the present of phony innocence to the past of unrelieved horror. Reversing the temporal order of events reverses causality and generates the revision of the morality, ultimately creating the epistemological and ontological uncertainties. Amis's novel is also narrated from the perspective of a double persona of the protagonist who, as a Nazi doctor, participated in the massacre in Auschwitz and then fled to the United States following the war. As almost a self-conscious storyteller, the narrator shares a sense of retrospective guilt with the reader who finally realizes that the Holocaust was a world turned upside down morally. Amis's postmodern narrative strategies are unusual enough to warrant a new way of representing the Holocaust.

• Strategy21
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• 통권42호
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• pp.293-317
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• 2017

A series of immoral conducts are repeatedly occurring by some commanders and high-ranking officers in the ROK navy. They are seriously compromising not only harmony and solidarity of the organization, but also pride and morale of members of the service. They seem to be results of the fragile ethical background of the service as well as of failures in military education and training on ethics. This paper sees backgrounds of weak ethical foundations of the navy as follows: the enduring legacies of cultural factors, such as the toxic military culture of the Japanese colonization, dark side of mariners' traditions, the sea-aversive Confucian culture, and unique characteristics in any small organization or society, etc... This paper also suggests the current ethnic systems of the navy are primarily based on responsive measures against misdeeds, rather than fundamental prescriptions for immoral behaviors, in the absence of ethical instrument for warriors. The paper also emphasizes the importance of developing character-based leadership, founded on, above all, respects for human integrity and strong sense of honor. Moreover, the importance of accountability in charging the command, as advocated by the US navy, is also stressed in order to establish a more robust ethic ground within the navy. Based on these analyses, the author proposes that in order to become a stronger and healthier fighting force, the navy needs to make continuous command efforts and organizational innovations to improve ethic principle and moral standard of the service, to strengthen ethics of naval leaders by a robust system of ethical education and training programs, and ultimately to solidify a navy culture in which moral passions and energies are spreading over.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2021

본 연구는 간호대학생의 감성지능, 도덕적 민감성의 정도를 알아보고, 돌봄효능감에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 시도하였다. 자료수집은 2021년 1월 14일부터 23일까지 일개 도에 위치한 3개 간호대학에서 1학년부터 4학년 143명을 대상으로 온라인수집하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS/WIN 23.0을 활용하여, 서술통계, 독립 t검정, ANOVA 및 Duncan test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression을 사용하였다. 연구결과로 감성지능은 돌봄효능감의 영향요인으로 확인되었으며, 구체적으로 감성활용(p=.005), 감성조절(p=.027), 타인감성인식(p=.037)이 영향을 주었으며 설명력은 26.2%이었다. 따라서 간호대학생의 돌봄효능감을 높이기 위해서는 간호대학생 개인의 감성지능을 향상 시킬 수 있는 간호교육 및 교과의 콘텐츠 개발 필요성이 요구된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.183-198
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to discuss the relationship between Korean people's normative sense of the traditional filial piety and their affiliation with relatives. For this purpose, the researcher reviewed ethics books during the Chosun dynasty such as Naehoon Women's Ethics), Dongmongsonsup (Children's Cardinal Moral Principles) ,Kyokmongyokyol (Juvenile's Learning) and Gyuenyoso (Instructions for Daughters of Marriageable Age), Based on this review a questionnaire was designed. For the survey,566 returned questionnaires from married people between their 20's and 70's living in Seoul and Wonju Si were sampled The collected data were analyzed using the SAS program for means and SDs of each area in order to examine the overall tendency, and were subject to one-way ANOVA to determine the relationship between their normative sense of the traditional filial piety and their affiliations with relatives depending on their demographic variables, In addition to this correlation analysis, the data underwent regression analysis to determine the significant factors affecting the subjects' sense of filial piety and their affiliation with relatives. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; First, the subjects were found to have a normal or higher sense of filial piety in overall terms, which suggests that the Korean morality of filial piety may be positive. In particular, the subjects' sense of filial piety was higher for living parents than for dead ones. Namely, they wanted to give more respect, honor and support to their parents than give a cordial funeral or memorial service to deceased parents. Second, older Koreans were more aware of filial piety, and men were more conscious of filial piety than women. Buddhists or atheists tended to be more faithful to their parents. Generally, those with lower academic background and living with larger families had a higher normative sense of filial piety. On the other hand, those in their 60's and 70's were most affiliated with their relatives, while youth and middle-aged people were less affiliated with their relatives. Men were more affiliated with their relatives than women, and first sons or daughters were more affiliated with their relatives. Besides, those living with larger families were more affiliated with their relatives. Third, the subjects' normative sense of filial piety, particularly for deceased parents, was highly correlated with their affiliation with relatives, and such a normative sense of filial piety was most conspicuous in their funeral rites.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine public health nurses for their morale, test the effect of each factor on the morale, determine the variables affecting the morale, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to the development of personnel affair administration for nurses. The survey on the nurses for public health centers was conducted for 10 days from April 23 to May 2, 2001; 96 nurses from Pusan, 101 from Kyonggi-do and 108 from Kangwon-do. The results of the study are as follows; 1. For the demographic variables, those aged between 31 and 39 accounted for the majority $(50.2\%)$ of the sample. $90.8\%$ was married, and $67.9\%$ of the sample graduated from junior colleges. $29.6\%$ of them had worked for 10-14 years and $62.5\%$ was of the seventh rank. $62.3\%$ of the nurses was recruited, and $59.4\%$ had chosen the public job for its guaranteed status. Half the nurses were working for the county population of which was more than 260 thousands, and $53\%$ of the nurses was serving the public health centers with 11-15 members. $47.3\%$ of them perceived that their living standard is middle or lower. 2. The degree of the moral was found as mean score. 2.65, which is interpreted as low. It has 11 factors. The rank of mean score of the factors is job satisfaction (3.36), sense of belonging (3.36), sense of recognition (3.30), stress due to supervision (3.13), degree of participation (3.05) and self-achievement (3.04), while those scoring lower points were assurance of status (2.58), pay level (2.53), working conditions (2.35) and promotion opportunity (2.31). 3. The degree of moral depending on the demographic variables was significantly affected by such variables as age. academic background, career, rank, employment method, motive for the job, size of the population served and living standards. 4. The result of the Stepwise multiple regression analysis for the morale factors, it was found that self-achievement accounted for $61\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale, followed by stable status $(18\%)$, working conditions $(8\%)$, job requirements $(4\%)$ and promotion opportunities $(2\%)$; these five factors explained about $94.6\%$ of total variance of the degree of nurses' morale. On the other hand. age $(8\%)$ and academic background $(2\%)$ accounted for $10\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale. 5. The factors affecting nurses' job life was economic need $(26.7\%)$, personnel management $(17.5\%)$, sense of recognition $(13.2\%)$, human relationship $(11.0\%)$, stable status and personal development in rank. On the other hand, the factors influencing on their possible resignation were children's bringing-up $(27.8\%)$, poor personnel management and promotion $(13.3\%)$, workload $(11.1\%)$ and little personal development $(8.9\%)$, Since such morale factors as promotion opportunity, working condition. pay level and stable status scored lower, it is required to reconsider those factors to improve nurses' morale.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.961-973
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• 2009

Walter Benjamin expresses his concern that the new technologies of mechanical reproduction robs the artwork of its own uniqueness, its "aura." Benjamin uses the word "aura" to refer to the sense of awe or reverence one presumably experiences in the presence of works of art. This aura does not merely inhere in the works of art themselves, because Benjamin extends his notion of aura to the level of how he both understands and positions the modern subject in the world of uncertainty and transitoriness. The theoretical framework of Benjaminian aura becomes a crucial and efficient strategic apparatus to read The Education of Henry Adams. As for Benjamin the modern implies a sense of alienation, a historical discontinuity, and a decisive break with tradition, Adams observes that modern civilization has wiped out "tradition," a mythic home in which man can experience order and unity. Adams claims that the growth of science, reason, and multiplicity at the expense of religion, feeling, and unity has been accompanied by a parallel growth in individualism at the expense of community and tradition. To Adams the collapse of traditional values such as maternity, fecundity, and security in America is a waking nightmare of the moral dilemmas of a capitalist society, in which the cruel force of the modern Dynamo is becoming a prime governing principle.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제28집
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• pp.103-131
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• 2017

자기정체성의 확립이 '상생적 관계'에 기초해 있다는 점에서, '상생적 관계형성'은 자기존재의 안정성과 확증성을 가질 수 있는 방법이다. 하지만 우리의 일상적인 삶이 타자와의 포용성을 지향하는 상생적 관계보다는 타자를 대상화하려는 행위로 대부분 채워져 있다는 점에서, 타자와의 상생적 관계형성은 그리 쉬운 일이 아니다. 이런 점에서 타자와의 상생적 관계형성은 타자를 대상화하려는 자기욕망을 조절하거나 통제할 도덕성에 기초해 있어야 한다. 이성 중심의 초월적·선험적 철학은 자기욕망에 대한 자기제어를 이성과 신체라는 이원화된 틀 속에서 이성에 의한 신체의 지배(支配)로서 기술한다. 하지만 이 실천철학이 가지는 한계점은 선험적 이성의 도덕적 명령이 우리에게 그것을 실천할 도덕적 행위의 내적 동기를 자명(自明)하게 제공할 수 없다는 점에 있다. 선험적 이성의 도덕적 명령의 현실적용은 자기중심적인 삶의 입장이나 자기이해관계의 맥락에서 선험적 이성의 도덕적 명령이 재해석될 가능성이 높다. 이런 점에서 '공감적 성향'은 새로운 도덕적 규범으로서 자리매김한다. 감성형태로 주어지는 '공감적 성향'은 사유 이전의 느낌이라는 점에서 직접적이고 즉각적이고 항상적이다. '공감적 성향'은 이성적 판단 이전에 작동하는 본능적 반응이라는 점에서 직관적이다. 이런 점에서 자연 도덕정감으로서의 '공감적 성향'은 학습, 사유에 의하지 않고도 인간이라면 누구나 이를 알고 있고 실천할 정도로 자명하게 주어진다. 그러나 '공감적 성향'에 대한 기존 연구들은 '현상적 접근(現象的 接近)'이라는 점에서 분명한 한계점을 가진다. 기존 현상적 접근들은 '공감적 성향'을 이성이 아닌 신체에 토대한 자연적 감정으로 제시하고는 있지만, '공감적 성향'의 토대를 철학적으로 해명하지 못하고 있다. 자연 도덕정감으로서의 '공감적 성향'은 주관적이고 상대적인 도덕적 규범으로서 해석 내지 규정될 가능성이 높다. 이에 필자는 메를로-퐁티(M. Merleau-Ponty)의 '살' 개념에 입각하여 신체에 토대한 자연적 감정으로서의 '공감적 성향'이 인간의 보편적인 도덕적 규범임을 밝히고자 한다. 신체적 차원에서 나와 타자 간의 교차배어로 형성되는 '살'은 '공감적 성향'에 그 철학적 단초를 제공한다. 다시 말해서 나와 타자 간의 신체적 교차 내지 얽힘으로 형성되는 '살'은 '공감적 성향'을 일으키는 물질적 토대가 된다. 필자의 이러한 접근은 '공감적 성향'에 대한 '현상학적 접근(現象學的 接近)'이라 할 수 있다

• 한국철학논집
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• 제25호
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• pp.41-70
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• 2009

'자기인식'은 자신의 욕구나 감정, 관심, 가치 등을 정확하게 파악하고 자신감을 유지하는 것 등을 핵심으로 하며, '자기관리'는 스트레스를 이겨내기 위해 자신의 감정을 조절하기, 충동을 억제하기, 개인적 목표나 학업 성취 목표를 세우고 이를 잘 관리하기 등을 핵심으로 한다. 이러한 '자기인식' 및 '자기관리'에 관한 이론적 탐구는, 초등교육의 핵심 목표 중의 하나인 초등학생들의 "바르고 선한 인성"을 어떻게 하면 보다 효과적으로 함양할 것인가?의 물음에 답하기 위한 것이다. 유학적 도덕교육의 전통을 가진 우리나라의 문화적 토대를 놓고 볼 때 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 검증되고 축적된 유학의 가치덕목은 현대의 도덕교육에 있어서 분명 유용한 가치가 있을 것이며, 따라서 이를 초등 교육과정에 담거나 초등학생을 대상으로 하는 '자기 인식' 및 '자기 관리' 능력 함양을 중심으로 한 현대의 인성교육 프로그램으로 재구성하여 교육에 적극 반영하려는 노력은 의미가 있을 것이다. 이러한 점에서 도덕적 주체의 완성을 도모하는 위기지학(爲己之學)이나, 지나치거나 모자람이 없는 평상적인 삶을 추구하는 중용지도(中庸之道), 그리고 도덕적 능동성을 촉발하는 호연지기(浩然之氣)는 교육적 측면에서 전인교육을 구현하는 데 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것이다.