• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

Intrusion detection system(IDS) has recently evolved while combining signature-based detection approach with anomaly detection approach. Although signature-based IDS tools have been commonly used by utilizing machine learning algorithms, they only detect network intrusions with already known patterns, Ideal IDS tools should always keep the signature database of your detection system up-to-date. The system needs to generate the signatures to detect new possible attacks while monitoring and analyzing incoming network data. In this paper, we propose a new outlier cluster detection algorithm with density (or influence) function, Our method assumes that an outlier is a kind of cluster with similar instances instead of a single object in the context of network intrusion, Through extensive experiments using KDD 1999 Cup Intrusion Detection dataset. we show that the proposed method outperform the conventional outlier detection method using Euclidean distance function, specially when attacks occurs frequently.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2010

Reference interval is critical for interpreting laboratory results, monitoring response to therapy and predicting the prognosis of the patients in clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to update established reference intervals for routine hematologic and serum chemistry values for a population of clinically healthy dogs (range, 1-8 years) seen in an animal hospital. Blood was obtained by venipuncture while animals were physically restrained, and samples were analyzed for 9 chemistries on MS9-5H (Melot Schloesing Lab, France) and 6 hematology on Vet Test 8008 (IDEXX, USA). Data from 105 dogs (52 males and 53 females) for hematology and 113 dogs (37 males and 76 females) for chemistry were used to determine reference intervals using the parametric, nonparametric and bootstrap methods. Prior to analysis, all parameters were tested for normal distribution using Anderson-Darling criterion. Of the 9 biochemical analytes, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, total protein, and glucose concentrations did not fit normal distribution for both original and transformed data. All but eosinophil count satisfied normal distribution for either original or transformed data. Parametric method can be used for original cholesterol concentrations, RBC, WBC, and neutrophil counts. This technique can also be used for power-transformed values of blood urea nitrogen concentrations and for logarithm of lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Non-parametric or bootstrap method was the preferred choice for the remaining 7 biochemical parameters and eosinophil count as they did not follow normal distributions. All three statistical techniques performed in similar reference intervals. When establishing reference intervals for clinical laboratory data, it is essential to assess the distribution of the original data to increase the accuracy of the interval, and non-parametric or bootstrap methods are of alternative for the data that do not fit normal distribution.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.412-420
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• 2017

Multinucleated bone resorptive osteoclasts differentiate from bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage precursor cells. During osteoclast differentiation, mononuclear pre-osteoclasts change their morphology and biochemical characteristics. In this study, Raman spectroscopy with multivariate techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were used to extract biochemical information related to various cellular events during osteoclastogenesis. This technique allowed for label-free and noninvasive monitoring of differentiating cells, and clearly discriminated four different time points during osteoclast differentiation. The Raman band intensity showed significant time-dependent changes that increased up to day 4. The results of Raman spectroscopy agreed with results from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, a conventional biological assay. Under AFM, normal spindle-like mononuclear pre-osteoclasts became round and smaller at day 2 after treatment with a receptor activator of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ligand and they formed multinucleated giant cells at day 4. Thus, Raman spectroscopy, in combination with PCA-LDA, may be useful for noninvasive label-free quality assessment of cell status during osteoclast differentiation, enabling more efficient optimization of the bioprocesses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.253-264
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• 1988

Our experience of neutron noise analysis in French-type 900 MWe pressurized water reactor (PWR) is presented. Neutron noise analysis is based on the technique of interpreting the signal fluctuations of ex-core detectors caused by core reactivity changes and neutron attenuation due to lateral core motion. It also provides advantages over deterministic dynamic-testing techniques because existing plant instrumentation can be utilized and normal operation of the plant is not disturbed. The data of this paper were obtained in the ULJIN unit 1 reactor during the start-up test period and the statistical descriptors, useful for our purpose, are power spectral density (PSD), coherence function (CF), and phase difference between detectors. It is found that core support barrel (CSB) motions induced by coolant flow forces and pressure pulsations in a reactor vessel were indentified around 8 Hz of frequency.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2008

Hot air sparging is a groundwater remediation technique, in which organic contaminants volatilized into hot air from the saturated to vadose zone. In the laboratory diesel (10,000 mg TPH/kg) was spiked in contaminated saturated aquifer soil. The hot air ($34.9{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$) was injected in intermittent (Q=1,500 mL/min, 10 minute injection and 10 minute idle) modes. We performed microcosm tests using the groundwater samples to assess TPH reductive remediation activity. For Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of eubacterial communities in sludge of wastewater treatment plants and soil of experiment site, the 16S rDNA was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from the sludge and the soil. The obtained 16S rDNA fragments were digested with Msp I and separated by electrophoresis gel. We found various sequence types for hot air sparging experiment with sludge soil samples that were closely related to Bacillus (149 bp, Firmicutes), Methlobacterium (149 bp, Euryarchaeotes), Pseudomonas (492 bp, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria), etc., in the clone library. In this study we find that TPH-water was reduced to 78.9% of the initial value in this experiment aquifer. The results of the present study suggests that T-RFLP method may be applied as a useful tool for the monitoring in the TPH contaminated soil fate of microorganisms in natural microbial community.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Background: Cyanazine is used as a pre-emergent herbicide once during the growing season to control weeds of many upland crops worldwide. This study aimed to establish a method to determined cyanazine residue levels in major medicinal crops by using high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection/mass spectometry (HPLC-UVD/MS). Methods and Results: Cyanazine residue was extracted with acetone from the raw products of four representative medicinal plants - Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Platycodon grandiflorum and Angelica gigas. The extract was diluted with a large volume of saline water and directly partitioned into dichloromethane to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. It was then purifined using optimized Florisil column chromatography. HPLC analysis conducted using an octadecylsilyl column allowed the successful separation of cyanazine from co-extractives of the samples, and the amount was sensitively quantified by ultraviolet absorption at 225 nm with no interference. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were validated by conducting recovery experiments on each medicinal crop sample fortified with cyanazine at two concentration levels per crop in triplicate. Conclusions: The mean recoveries ranged from 91.2% to 105.3% for the four representative medicinal crops. The coefficients of variation were less than 10%, irrespective of the sample types and fortification levels. The limit of quantification of cyanazine was 0.02 mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory method was performed by liquid chromatography/MS using selected-ion monitoring technique to clearly identify the suspected residue.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.2 s.25
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• pp.53-59
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• 2003

Many facilities have been constructed due to the rapid development of science and economy, and the tendency for larger sizes and higher stories in constructing are being accelerated due to the development of technologies, and the efficient use of limited spaces. The safety problems of constructions are being frequently brought up. So, a technique by which the monitoring of the safety of constructions can be easily done must be developed as soon as possible. In this research an management system for structure's displacement using satellite survey was studied. The results of having established the management system for structure's displacement as a GPS positioning system were that data acquisition was easier than that from using normal survey equipment, and data from the satellite survey can be applied to the database of management system. The data of the GPS suey were rather large values to determine the safety of single stories, but can probably be used in establishing the management system using the structure's displacement.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.109-117
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• 2010

The ultimate purpose of this study is to propose a method to improve water supply management efficiency which is one of the two main approaches to solve the water supply-related problems. As an effort, targeting commercial water, a series of efforts was performed such as choosing a field area, selecting a sensing point, installing a sensor and server systems, and monitoring the real time data. Through the analyses of the real time data gathered, a series of water consumption trend analysis models were developed for each day and for each month. And Also proposed are the related utilization of the developed trend analysis models and a GIS. As a result of the aforementioned research, the proposed trend analysis technique is expected to offer some important role for the water supply forecasting agministation and management.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.28.4-29
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• 2009

The 'Amon-Ra' instrument of the proposed 'EARTHSHINE' satellite is a dual (i.e. imaging and energy) channel instrument for monitoring the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the Earth's irradiance at around the L1 halo orbit. Earlier studies for this instrument include, but not limited to, design and construction of breadboard Amon-Ra imaging channel, stray light suppression and system performance computation using Integrated Ray Tracing (IRT) technique. The Amon-Ra instrument is required to produce 0.3% in uncertainty for both Sunlight and Earthlight measurement. In this study, we report accurate estimation of the output electric signal derived from the orbital variation of radiant exitance from the Sun and the Earth arriving at the aperture and detector plane of the Amon-Ra. For this, orbital irradiance are computed analytically first and then confirmed by simulation using Integrated Ray Tracing (IRT) model. Specially, the results show the arriving power at the bolometer detector surface is $1.24{\mu}W$ for the Sunlight and $1.28{\mu}W$ for the Earthlight, producing the output signal pulses of 34.31 mV and 35.47 mV respectively. These results demonstrate successfully that the arriving radiative power is well within the bolometer detector dynamic range and, therefore, the proposed detector can be used for the in-orbit measurement sequence. We discuss the computational details and implications as well as the simulation results.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.315-330
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• 2017

Halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originating from solar activities give rise to geomagnetic storms when they reach the Earth. Variations in the geomagnetic field during a geomagnetic storm can damage satellites, communication systems, electrical power grids, and power systems, and induce currents. Therefore, automated techniques for detecting and analyzing halo CMEs have been eliciting increasing attention for the monitoring and prediction of the space weather environment. In this study, we developed an algorithm to sense and detect halo CMEs using large angle and spectrometric coronagraph (LASCO) C3 coronagraph images from the solar and heliospheric observatory (SOHO) satellite. In addition, we developed an image processing technique to derive the morphological and dynamical characteristics of halo CMEs, namely, the source location, width, actual CME speed, and arrival time at a 21.5 solar radius. The proposed halo CME automatic analysis model was validated using a model of the past three halo CME events. As a result, a solar event that occurred at 03:38 UT on Mar. 23, 2014 was predicted to arrive at Earth at 23:00 UT on Mar. 25, whereas the actual arrival time was at 04:30 UT on Mar. 26, which is a difference of 5 hr and 30 min. In addition, a solar event that occurred at 12:55 UT on Apr. 18, 2014 was estimated to arrive at Earth at 16:00 UT on Apr. 20, which is 4 hr ahead of the actual arrival time of 20:00 UT on the same day. However, the estimation error was reduced significantly compared to the ENLIL model. As a further study, the model will be applied to many more events for validation and testing, and after such tests are completed, on-line service will be provided at the Korean Space Weather Center to detect halo CMEs and derive the model parameters.