• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.65-67
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 특정 공간의 흡연 여부를 감지하는 시스템을 소개한다. 제안하는 시스템은 라즈베리 파이로 이루어진 무선 애드혹 네트워크 기반 위에 구현되었다. 이는 상용 흡연 모니터링 시스템에 비하여 저가의 장치를 이용하여 경제적이며, 하나의 라즈베리파이를 이용한 또 다른 기존의 시스템에 비하여 확장성이 뛰어나다. 본 논문에서는 센서로부터 장시간 측정한 데이터를 이용하여 흡연 시와 비흡연 시 일산화탄소 농도의 확률밀도함수를 가우시안 함수로 근사화하였다. 이를 바탕으로 최대 우도 검파 (maximum likelihood detection) 기법을 이용하여, 일산탄소농도 값으로 흡연 상태를 추정하는 기법을 제안한다. 또한 애드혹 네트워크로 연결된 복수의 센서들로부터 수집한 값으로 흡연 상태를 추정하여 신뢰도를 높이고자 하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.119-133
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• 1998

To implement full automation in pipe welding, it si most important to develop special sensors and their related systems which act like human operator when detecting irregular groove conditions. In this study, an automatic pipe Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) system was proposed to full control pipe welding procedure with intelligent sensor systems. A five-axes manipulator was proposed for welding torch to automatically access to exact welding position when pipe size and welding angle were given. Pool status and torch position were measured by using a weld-pool image monitoring and processing technique in root-pass welding for weld seam tracking and weld pool control. To overcome the intensive arc light, pool image was captured at the instance of short circuit of welding power loop. Captured image was processed to determine weld pool shape. For weld seam tracking, the relative distance of a torch position from the pool center was calculated in the extracted pool shape to move torch just onto the groove center. To control penetration of root pas, gap was calculated in the extracted pool image, and then weld conditions were controlled for obtaining appropriate penetration. welding speed was determined with a fuzzy logic, and welding current and voltage were determined from a data base to correspond to the gap. For automatic fill-pass welding, the function of human operator of real time weld seam control can be substituted by a sensor system. In this study, an arc sensor system was proposed based on a fuzzy control logic. Using the proposed automatic system, root-pass welding of pipe which had gap variation was assured to be appropriately controlled in welding conditions and in torch position by showing sound welding result and good seam tracking capability. Fill-pass welding by the proposed system also showed very successful result by tracking along the offset welding line without any control of human operator.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1996년도 제11회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.40-41
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• 1996

Nitridation technique has been receiving much attention for the formation of a thin nitrided buffer layer on which high quality nitride films can be formedl. Particularly, gallium nitride (GaN) has been considered as a promising material for blue-and ultraviolet-emitting devices. It can also be used for in situ formed and stable passivation layers for selective growth of $GaAs_2$. In this work, formation of a thin nitrided layer is investigated. Nitrogen electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)-plasma is employed for the formation of thin nitrided layer. The plasma source used in this work is a compact ECR plasma gun3 which is specifically designed to enhance control, and to provide in-situ monitoring of plasma parameters during plasma-assisted processing. Microwave power of 100-200 W was used to excite the plasma which was emitted from an orifice of 25 rnm in diameter. The substrate were positioned 15 em away from the orifice of plasma source. Prior to nitridation is performed, the surface of n-type (001)GaAs was exposed to hydrogen plasma for 20 min at $300{\;}^{\circ}C$ in order to eliminate a native oxide formed on GaAs surface. Change from ring to streak in RHEED pattern can be obtained through the irradiation of hydrogen plasma, indicating a clean surface. Nitridation was carried out for 5-40 min at $RT-600{\;}^{\circ}C$ in a ECR plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy system. Typical chamber pressure was $7.5{\times}lO^{-4}$ Torr during the nitridations at $N_2$ flow rate of 10 seem.(omitted)mitted)

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

원격탐사 기법은 식생 및 토지이용과 같은 지형조건과 관련된 증발산량을 산정하기 위한 하나의 수단으로 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다. 지표면에서 발생되는 증발산량을 지배하는 인자는 기온, 습도, 바람, 일사량 및 토양조건 둥 매우 복잡하게 구성된다. 식생은 그 지점의 증발산량에 영향을 주고 있으며, 증발산량을 지배하는 복잡한 인자는 식생의 성장조건에 직접적으로 영향을 미친다. 결국 증발산량과 식생조건 사이에는 강한 상관관계가 성립될 수 있음을 예상할 수 있다. 비교적 넓은 지점에 대한 식생상태를 파악을 위해서는 NOAA/AVHRR 자료가 효과적으로 이용될 수 있으며, 이로부터 얻어지는 식생지수(NDVI)를 이용함으로서 증발산량과 NDVI 사이의 강한 상관관계를 생각할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 점을 근거로 하여 NDVI와 기상자료를 조합하는 간편한 방법에 의한 실제증발산량 산정방법을 제안한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.177-200
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• 1997

본 연구는 국내에서 도시내 친자연공간의 조성시 방향성을 제시하기 위한 연구로서 일본 관동지방을 대상으로 하였다. 대상지는 6개의 사업유형으로 분류되었으며 이들 사업의 입안 배경을 파악하였다. 각 대상지의 기본구상, 환경조건 및 생태적 조건조사, 계획 및 설계(zoning)과 이용계획, 목표설정 및 관리계획), 자연환경의 정비, 관리, 모니터링에 대한 내용 및 기법을 분석하였다. 도시내에 자연과의 접촉공간 창출을 위해 계획이 수립되었으며 비오톱조성기법에 의해 환경이설형, 환경창출형, 환경개량형을 기본으로 하였다. 또한 현 환경과 생태계를 보전하면서 새로운 비오톱을 창출하는 형태가 가장 많았으며 조성계획시 목표종의 설정은 조성방향성을 명확히 하는데 핵심적인 사항으로 판단되었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.313-350
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• 2016

Taipei 101 Tower, which has 101 stories with height of 508 m, is located in Taipei where typhoons and earthquakes commonly occur. It is currently the second tallest building in the world. Therefore, the dynamic performance of the super-tall building under strong wind actions requires particular attentions. In this study, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) integrated with a new inflow turbulence generator and a new sub-grid scale (SGS) model was conducted to simulate the wind loads on the super-tall building. Three-dimensional finite element model of Taipei 101 Tower was established and used to evaluate the wind-induced responses of the high-rise structure based on the simulated wind forces. The numerical results were found to be consistent with those measured from a vibration monitoring system installed in the building. Furthermore, the equivalent static wind loads on the building, which were computed by the time-domain and frequency-domain analysis, respectively, were in satisfactory agreement with available wind tunnel testing results. It has been demonstrated through the validation studies that the numerical framework presented in this paper, including the recommended SGS model, the inflow turbulence generation technique and associated numerical treatments, is a useful tool for evaluation of the wind loads and wind-induced responses of tall buildings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9495-9498
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• 2014

Background: The difference in prognosis of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be attributed largely to variation in cytogenetic abnormalities with age groups. Cytogenetic analysis in acute leukemia is now routinely used to assist patient management, particularly in terms of diagnosis, disease monitoring, prognosis and risk stratification. Knowing about cytogenetic profile at the time of diagnosis is important in order to take critical decisions in management of the patients. Aim and Objectives: To determine the frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in Pakistani adult patients with ALL in order to have insights regarding behavior of the disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all the cases of ALL (${\geq}15$years old) diagnosed at Aga Khan University from January 2006 to June 2014 was performed. Phenotype (B/T lineage) was confirmed in all cases by flow cytometry. Cytogenetic analysis was made for all cases using the trypsin-Giemsa banding technique. Karyotypes were interpreted using the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) criteria. Results: A total of 166 patients were diagnosed as ALL during the study period, of which 151 samples successfully yielded metaphase chromosomes. The male to female ratio was 3.4:1. The majority (n=120, 72.3%) had a B-cell phenotype. A normal karyotype was present in 51% (n=77) of the cases whereas 49% (n=74) had an abnormal karyotype. Of the abnormal cases, 10% showed Philadelphia chromosome; t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). Other poor prognostic cytogenetic subgroups were t(4;11)(q21;q23), hypodiploidy (35-45 chromosomes) and complex karyotype. Hyperdiploidy (47-57 chromosomes) occurred in 6.6%; all of whom were younger than 30 years. Conclusions: This study showed a relatively low prevalence of Philadelphia chromosome in Pakistani adults with ALL with an increase in frequency with age (p=0.003). The cumulative prevalence of Philadelphianegative poor cytogenetic aberrations in different age groups was not significant (p=0.6).

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2011

서 김해평야에 위치하는 연장 2km의 철도제방은 정규압밀점토인 연약지반 상에 건설되었다. 연직 배수재를 타입하고 단계시공으로 1단계의 시공을 한 직후에 제방은 종방향 균열이 생겨 원호활동의 징조가 나타났다. 이 단계에서 piled raft로 설계변경하고 제방을 완공하였다. 여러 측점에 다양한 계측기를 설치하여 제방 시공 중 piled raft의 거동을 관찰하였다. 이 결과를 정리하여 piled raft 기초의 안전성을 분석한 결과를 이 논문에 기술하였다. 말뚝 무리가 마찰말뚝으로 작용할 때에는 piled raft 기초는 정규압밀점토에서도 안전하고 경제적인 설계가 될 수 있다는 것을 계측결과로 부터 알게 되었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2007

Numerous non-destructive tests(NDT) to assess the safety of real structures have been developed. System identification(SI) techniques using dynamic responses and behaviors of structural systems become an outstanding issue of researchers. However the conventional SI techniques are identified to be non-practical to the complex and tall buildings, due to limitation of the availability of an accurate data that is magnitude or location of external loads. In most SI approaches, the information on input loading and output responses must be known. In many cases, measuring the input information may take most of the resources, and it is very difficult to accurately measure the input information during actual vibrations of practical importance, e.g., earthquakes, winds, micro seismic tremors, and mechanical vibration. However, the desirability and application potential of SI to real structures could be highly improved if an algorithm is available that can estimate structural parameters based on the response data alone without the input information. Thus a technique to estimate structural properties of building without input measurement data and using limited response is essential in structural health monitoring. In this study, shaking table tests on three-story plane frame steel structures were performed. Out-put only model analysis on the measured data was performed, and the dynamic properties were inverse analyzed using least square method in time domain. In results damage detection was performed in each member level, which was performed at story level in conventional SI techniques of frequency domain.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

본 연구는 재조합 대장균과 S.cerevisiae의 발효공정에서 형광스펙트럼 데이터를 수집하였으며, SOM을 이용하여 형광스펙트럼 데이터를 특정 그룹으로 분류하고 발효공정을 분석하고자 하였다. 배출가스 내 이산화탄소농도와 세포농도 같은 공정변수들은 SOM 알고리즘으로부터 얻은 분산 및 정규화된 가중치들과 좋은 연관성을 나타내었다. 전체 스펙트럼 데이터의 분류는 생물공정 모델링을 위한 매우 중요한 단계인데 그 이유는 몇몇 여기파장과 방출파장의 유의한 조합들이 전체영역의 스펙트럼 데이터로부터 추출되기 때문이다. 예를 들면, 본 연구에서 SOM을 이용하여 추출한 98개의 스펙트럼 데이터의 예제들은 부분최소자승법이나 감독신경망 (supervised neural network)을 이용한 공정의 모델링에 사용될 수 있다.