• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.30 no.sup
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• pp.6.1-6.4
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• 2015

Objectives This study is conducted to estimate the cost paid by the public suffering from disease possibly caused by chemical and to examine the effect on public health. Methods Cost-benefit analysis is an important factor in analysis and decision-making and is an important policy decision tool in many countries. Cost-of-illness (COI), a kind of scale-based analysis method, estimates the potential value lost as a result of illness as a monetary unit and calculates the cost in terms of direct, indirect and psychological costs. This study estimates direct medical costs, transportation fees for hospitalization and outpatient treatment, and nursing fees through a number of patients suffering from disease caused by chemicals in order to analyze COI, taking into account the cost of productivity loss as an indirect cost. Results The total yearly cost of the diseases studied in 2012 is calculated as 77 million Korean won (KRW) per person. The direct and indirect costs being 52 million KRW and 23 million KRW, respectively. Within the total cost of illness, mental and behavioral disability costs amounted to 16 million KRW, relevant blood immunological parameters costs were 7.4 million KRW, and disease of the nervous system costs were 6.7 million KRW. Conclusions This study reports on a survey conducted by experts regarding diseases possibly caused by chemicals and estimates the cost for the general public. The results can be used to formulate a basic report for a social-economic evaluation of the permitted use of chemicals and limits of usage.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2014

The GDP gap (also called the output gap) is the difference between potential GDP and actual GDP. Potential GDP is the maximum sustainable output that is achieved when the resources (labor and capital) are used to capacity. Central banks pursuing price and employment stability consider the output gap as an informative variable for monetary policy since the output gap could be regarded as a proxy of demand-supply imbalances. In this paper, the GDP gap of Korea is decomposed following the filtering method in the previous research, and major factors that affect the variation of GDP gap are investigated based on the decomposed series. The analysis results by the Super Smoother algorithm used in Fox et al. (2003)and Fox and Zurlinden (2006) are found consistent with theory. Much of the variation of nominal GDP gap is explained by Total Factor Productivity(TFP) gap, which is the change of productivity due to recent technological innovation and environmental change. It is also found that variation of terms of trade significantly affects the GDP gap of Korea due to its high dependency on international trade; however, the effect of the domestic price is not negligible like other countries.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.43-49
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting the housing market by setting household loans and M2, which are liquidity indicators, and the industrial production index reflecting economic fluctuations, as variables, and to determine the effect of expected housing prices. An empirical analysis was conducted based on the data from January 2005 to May 2020, and the HP filter was applied to the real house price as the expected house price variable. As a result of the analysis, it was found that real household loans, real M2, and so on, had an effect on house prices, and expectations for past house prices and house prices increased the house prices in the present period. These results show that even though the liquidity expansion is aimed at revitalizing the economy, it can affect housing prices as well.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2015

This study is a survey and research attempted to seek the ways of effective human resource management and improving the quality of nursing - targeting the nurses working for the general hospitals - by analyzing the impact of job satisfaction and job stress factors on exhaustion and turnover intentions, so as to find the nurses' turnover factors and remove those factors in advance. Although we cannot raise job satisfaction to the level we are satisfied by monetary compensation, i.e. salary alone, but as seen in this study, it is worth considering such ways as the subjects with high salaries showed relatively higher job satisfaction. Finally, in order to prevent the turnover of the competent nursing staff at an early stage, active systematic supplements and efforts are required; it is also necessary to provide constant job training, by taking into account of the specificity of nursing units and to secure and place adequate nursing staff, and to establish fair and objective promotion criteria.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.189-200
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of China's trade relationships with and dependency on the countries participating in the Belt and Road initiative and to present some implications. This study collected annual total imports, exports, and GDP data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on 198 countries and the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS) on 221 countries from 1995 to 2015. China's imports and exports have expanded considerably from the mid-1990s to the present, and China's dependence on imports and exports with the US and Japan has declined, while its dependence on the Middle East, South Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia has increased. China has a very high level of dependence on imports from and exports to the countries participating in the Belt and Road initiative, and as the Belt and Road project progresses, the mutual trade dependency between China and the other participating countries is expected to strengthen and expand.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

Because of the radical changes in the domestic and foreign economic circumstances Koreaa fisheries is confronted with difficulties. Along the end of the UR marine products of other nations are rushing into Korea. Also migration of labor to other industries and rise of wage level in Korean fisheries deteriorate managerial conditions. But in Korea which has little natural resourses fisheries is still more important. That is \circled1 creating job opportunites \circled2 increase of income \circled3 supply of foodstuffs and animal protein \circled4 acquisition of foreign currency \circled5 enlargement of domestic market for industrial products \circled6 development of other interrelated industries \circled7 rational use of domestic resourses \circled8 diversification of population and production activites \circled9 contribution to balanced growth of national economy by the developing regional economy. These roles of fisheries in national economy mentioned above are to be excuted forward. In spite of the radical change in the economic circumstances at the end of the UR fisheries if crucial in Korea as a industry. For this our fisheries is to be made to compete with foreign fisheries. Through the cheap price and high quality our fisheries must be came to compete with foreign fisheries and meet the people's needs for marine products. For this it is necessary to maintain high productivity and competitive power. Now with the exception of a portion of the deep - sea fishing, our fisheries is generally paltry, Especially inshore fishery which is the main stock in our fisheries is very paltry and so productivity and competetive power are very low. So to develop our fisheries which has s comparative disadvantage active polices that follows below are to be promoted on a large scale. \circled1 improvement of structure \circled2 augmentation of productivity in fishing ground by making fisheries resourses \circled3 enlargement of finantial and monetary assistance \circled4 effective administration of fisheries cooperative union \circled5 activation of R&D etc These polices which need to be scientific and comprehensive are very valuable. Especially without making fishieries resources we cannot expect economy of scale, promotion of productivity and development of fisheries. And we do also endeavour to gather the results of the study and investigation about fisheries domestic and foreign and do ceaselessly put these to practical use systimatically.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2018

This study is to evaluate economic value of the ecosystem service benefits of the marine forests provided to our society on the basis of the global standard valuation manual. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the ecosystem service benefits of marine forests are worth 771,121,551 won per hectare for a year in Korea. Second, when evaluating value based on the services benefits of the marine forests, as resource provisioning service, the annual value of the fishery potential production amounts to 58,512,271 won per hectare. The annual value of the environmental and regulatory services is estimated to total 29,574,000 won per hectare including 546,488 won per hectare for climate regulation, 85,342 won per hectare for pollution purification, and 28,942,170 won per hectare for erosion protection. The annual value of the culture and tourinsm services is estimated to total 15,317,647 won per hectare including 5,011,765 won per hectare for skin scuba service and 10,305,882 won per hectare for sea fishing. Also, the aunnual non-use value is estimate to 637,800,000 won per hectare. Third, assuming that the value of the sea forests increases proportionally to the unit area, the marine forests can be valued at 12.7 trillion won per year based on 12,208.2 hectares of marine forests creation area and 4,272.6 hectares of natural seaweed beds. Fourth, the total economic value of the marine forests can be estimated at 244 trillion won in 2016, if the value of the marine forests permanently continues in the future by applying 5.5% of the social discount rate. The results of this study are expected to serve as a valuable information for improving awareness of the value of marine forests ecosystem and ensuring the validity of the marine forests creation policy by converting the value of the marine forests's ecosystem service into monetary units.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2015

The feasibility study is an evaluation and analysis of the potential of a proposed project. It is based on extensive investigation and research to support the process of decision making. A systematic approach to determining the optimum use of scarce resources, involving comparison of two or more alternatives in achieving a specific objective under the given assumptions and constraints. Economic analysis takes into account the opportunity costs of resources employed and attempts to measure in monetary terms the private and social costs and benefits of a project to the community or economy. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes called benefit-cost analysis (BCA), is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives that satisfy transactions, activities or functional requirements for a business. It is a technique that is used to determine options that provide the best approach for the adoption and practice in terms of benefits in labor, time and cost savings etc. The CBA is also defined as a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a project, decision or government policy and projects.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1377-1386
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• 2015

GDP gap is closely related with economic activity of a country as a whole, especially with the economic fluctuations which is called business cycle. GDP gap is regarded as an important variable for the monetary policy of the central bank because it provides information on the excess demand pressures and employment matters. However, GDP gap may not provide enough information of the effect of recent economic structural change or the environmental change of domestic and external economic condition. In this paper, the GDP is decomposed by statistical filtering techniques and various models are fitted to estimate the influence of GDP gap on Inflation and see if it has been changed. Analysis results show that the influence of GDP gap on inflation decreased in the 2000s while that of global GDP gap increased. These results also support that recent low inflation rate is due to the change of overseas economic condition, such as a slowdown in exports resulting from the global recession, as well as domestic factors.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.21-42
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• 2014

Abandoned roads, abandoned expressways included, cause a lot of problems such as contamination and environmental damages to underground water, fragmentation of wildlife habitats yet they are not appropriately maintained or managed because of jurisdictional conflicts and, often more importantly, insufficient budget of governments. The restoration of abandoned roads is known to benefit society and its constituents by providing better environment and higher living standards but the monetary value of the benefit is hard to measure because of non-marketability of the good that the restoration brings about. In this case, the contingent valuation method(CVM) is most powerful in evaluating non-marketable value of goods and hence it is used widely. We also used the CVM to value the benefit of restoration of abandoned expressways to find out: about 40% of total households are willing to contribute positive amount for restoration; better awareness of environmental issues leads to higher willingness-to-pay.