• 환경생물
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2022

갑각류에서 탈피는 ecdysteroid와 juvenile hormone (JH) 신호 경로에 관여하는 유전자의 상호작용에 의해 조절된다. Ecdysteroid와 달리, 탈피 과정에서 JH 신호 경로 유전자의 역할은 부유성 갑각류에서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 기수산 물벼룩(Diaphanosoma celebensis)의 JH 신호경로에서 JH 합성, 수용체, 분해 등에 관여하는 3종의 유전자(JHAMT, Met, JHEH)의 염기서열 분석과 계통 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 탈피 주기에서 이들 유전자의 mRNA 발현양상을 분석하였다. D. celebensis의 JH 관련 유전자는 잘 보존된 domain을 가지고 있었으며, 아미노산 서열 분석과 계통 분석 결과는 이들 단백질이 곤충 및 다른 갑각류의 해당 단백질과 기능적으로 유사한 특징을 나타낸다. 또한 탈피 주기에 따른 유충 호르몬( JH) 신호전달경로 관련 유전자의 발현변화 결과를 통해 이들 유전자가 JH의 합성 및 분해에 관여함으로써 D. celebensis에서 성공적인 탈피에 기여할 것임을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 지각류에서 탈피 주기에서 JH 경로 유전자의 역할을 이해하는 데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

To clarify the effect of anti-juvenile hormone analogue (AJH) on the larval ecdysis by feeding at early stage of the 4th instar, the total amount of protein and activity of chitinolytic enzymes in the integument of Bombyx mori were analyzed, PAGE pattern of the protein was observed and the morphological changes of integument during molting period were also observed and the morphological changes of integument during molting period were also observed by means of TEM. The total amount of protein was greatly increased in premolting, then reached maximum level just before ecdysis, and rapidly decreased after the larval ecdysis in the control, while in the AJH treatment, increased 12 hr later than the control and its maximum was only 82.6% of the control. Two specific proteins, which were presumed as the protein originated from endocuticle, also appeared 12 hr later than the control and were maintained to 132 hr after AJH treatment from the aspects of the Native- and SDS-PAGE patterns, although those of the control disappeared instantly after ecdysis. Chitinase and $\beta$-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities were also suppressed and delayed by AJH treatment. Furthermore, it was observed that the apolysis took place 12 hr later than the control but new epicuticle was not formed at least until 132 hr after AJH treatment. From these results, it is suggested that the larval molting process of silkworm develops 12 hr later than the control but new epicuticle was not formed at least until 132 hr after AJH treatment. From these results, it is suggested that the larval molting process of silkworm develops 12 hr later than the control by AJH treatment but no further processing takes place just after apolysis.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2002

본 실험은 산란노계에서 강제환우가 갑상선, 난소, 부신의 무게 및 이들 기관에서 분비되는 호르몬 수준의 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 시행하였다. 77주령 산란계 360수를 10수씩 36개의 펜에 배치하여 7주간 강제환우를 시행하였다. 사료는 단백질 수준이 16%이며 대사에너지가 2,800kca1/kg 함유된 시판용으로 84주령부터 126주까지 급여하였다. 강제환우전, 산란율 5%, 산란피크 및 실험 종료 시에 각각 36수씩 희생시켜 채혈을 하였으며, 갑상선, 난소, 부신의 무게를 측정하였고 혈청에서 T3, T4, cortisol 및 estradiol 함량을 측정하였다. 갑상선의 무게는 산란율이 5%에 도달하였을 때 제일 높게 나타났다 난소의 무게는 강제환우 후에 현저하게 감소되었지만 그 후에 지속적으로 증대되어 실험 종료 시에 극대화 되었다(P<0.05). 산란율이 5%에 도달한 시기에 혈청의 T3, T4 및 cortisol 수준은 다른 시기에 비하여 높게 나타났지만 실험 종료 시에 제일 낮게 나타났다. 혈청의 estradiol은 산란율이 5%에 도달한 시기에 제일 낮았다. 본 실험에서 강제환우 과정에서 환우의 유기에 주요 역할을 하는 내분비 기관 및 이들 기관에서 분비되는 T3, T4, cortisol, estradiol 수준이 복합적으로 관련될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.155-196
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• 2001

Basically insect hormones include ecdysteroids (molting hormone), juvenile hormones, and neurohormones comprising neuropeptides and biogenic amines. This article reviewed their chemical structures and biological functions. The active molting hormone is 20-hydroxyecdysone in most insects but makisterone A in some other insects including the honey bee and several phytophagous hemipterans. Most insects use JH III, but lepidopterans JH I and II. Dipterans also use a different JH, so-called JH $B_3$(JH III bisepoxide) and we still do not know the exact chemical structure of JH utilized in hemipterans. Some other insects use methyl farnesoate or hydroxylated JH III analogues as their juvenile hormone. Most diverse pictures can be found in neurohormones (NH), especially in neuropeptides, in terms of their number and structure. There are more than 200 neuropeptides (NP), classified into more than 30 families, which structures have been identified, and more of them are expected to be reported in the near future, partly due to rapid development in molecular biological techniques and in analytical techniques. More than half of them are involved in controlling activity of visceral muscles. But function (s) of many NPs are not clarified yet, even though their amino acid sequences have been identified. It is partly due to the fact that a single NP may have multiple functions. Another interesting point is their gene structure, having many number of independent, active peptides in one gene, apparently working for similar or totally different functions. NH also includes amines, such as octopamine, dopamine, serotonin, etc. From now on, investigation will be concentrated on identifying their function (s) and receptors, and on possibilities of their utilization as control agents against pest insects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1196-1200
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the physiological changes of laying hens subjected to feed removal during induced molting while received probiotics in the drinking water. Post-molt performance and egg quality criteria were also studied. Ninety 78-week-old Hy-line W36 laying hens were divided into two treatment groups according to equal body weight and subjected to induced molting by continuous feed removal until around 30% BW reduction. The experiment lasted 12 wks consisting of 4-wk molting and 8-wk post-molt periods. Treatment 1 received no probiotics and was considered as the control. Treatment 2 was similar to the control except that hens received probiotics in the drinking water at 400 mg/L during feed deprivation. The results indicated that hens in both groups went out of production by Day 5. However, hens received probiotics reached 5 and 50% egg production sooner than the control (30 and 52 days vs. 31 and 54 days). Starvation during molting increased heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, hematocrit and plasma T4 and $Na^+$ levels while plasma T3 and Cl- levels were decreased. Probiotics had no significant impact on BW reduction during molt. Post-molt egg production and egg mass were higher in hens which previously received probiotics, but these responses were not significant. However, feed conversion ratio was significantly better in hens which received probiotics. Hematocrit, plasma thyroid hormone concentrations (T3 and T4) and plasma $Na^+$, $K^+$ and Cl- levels during molting were not significantly influenced by supplementation of probiotics. However, H/L ratio showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in birds which received probiotics suggesting beneficial effects of this product for feed-deprived laying hens. No significant difference was observed in post-molt egg quality criteria.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.258-264
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• 1991

본연구는 오리나무잎벌레(Agelastica coerulea Baly)성충의 유면 유기에 미치는 온도와 광주기 영향 및 유약호르몬(juvenile hormome III)과 탈피호르몬(20-hydroxyecdysone)이 휴면중인 성충에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 오리나무잎벌레는 일년에 일회 발생하며 난, 유충, 용 성충기간은 가각 7~10일, 19~21일, 14~15일, 약 10개월로 조사되었다. 오리나무잎벌레의 알과 유충을 $25^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 광주기를 각각 16L/8L, 12L/12D, 8L/16D로 달？여 사육하여도 모든 성충이 휴면에 들어가 이들은 필수성충휴면을 하는 것으로 생각되었다. 휴면기간동안 난소는 거의 발육되지 않았으며 유면말기의 개체를 $25^{\circ}C$, 16L/8D에 노출시키면, 난소소관이 급속하게 발달되었다. 휴면중인 성충에 유약호르몬을 처리하면 일시적으로 휴면이 타파되고 산란이 이루어졌으나 탈피호르몬은 아무런 영향도 미치지 못했다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2006

Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) plays a major role in controlling glucose level in the haemolymph and also triggers important events during molting and reproductive cycles. In Penaeus monodon, three types of CHH, namely Pem-CHH1, Pem-CHH2 and Pem-CHH3, have been previously characterized. In this study, mouse polyclonal antibody was raised against recombinant Pem-CHH1 that was expressed in Escherichia coli. The anti-Pem-CHH1 antibody recognized all three types of Pem-CHHs but did not cross-react with either related hormone, molt-inhibiting hormone of P. monodon, or unrelated human growth hormone. The hyperglycemic activity in the extract from the eyestalk neural tissues was significantly depleted after incubating with anti-Pem-CHH antibody. Direct injection of the antibody into shrimp caused about 30-50% reduction in the haemolymph glucose level. The result demonstrates the ability of anti-Pem-CHH1 antibody to deplete the activity of CHH in vivo, and thus provides a possibility of using anti-Pem-CHH1 antibody to inhibit the hormone activity as a strategy to modulate growth and reproduction in this species.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

Eyestalk ablation (ESA) is commonly used in aquaculture to stimulate ovarian maturation in crustaceans, and methyl farnesoate (MF) affects crustacean molting and reproduction. To investigate the physiological effects of ESA and MF treatments on the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, we compared the effects of single eyestalk removal and MF injections. The ESA group had the lowest survival rate (50%), and individuals in the $0.1{\mu}g$ and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF-treated groups had survival rates of 80 and 73.3%, respectively. Conversely, molting numbers were highest in the ESA group, and similar to those of the 1.0-${\mu}g$ MF group. To investigate shrimp growth, we measured body weight during the experimental period and found that individuals in the ESA and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF groups showed significant increases in body weight. Furthermore, to investigate the effects of ESA and MF treatments on gonadal maturation, the gonad somatic index (GSI) was calculated after the experiment. All treated groups (ESA and MF) had higher GSI values than the control group, but the ESA and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF groups were not significantly different. Using histological ovary analysis, we determined that all treated groups showed indications of the previtellogenic stage, unlike the control group (immature stage). These results suggest that the high-MF-concentration treatment produced effects similar to those of ESA with respect to molting number, growth, and ovarian maturation.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2003

탈피호르몬의 작용을 방해하는 농약제인 tebufenozide 를 알에서 부화한 지 7일째의 C. riparius에 처리하여 성충이 될 때까지의 생장과정을 연구하였다. C. riparius 에 control, 10 ${\mu}g\; L^{-1},\; 30 \; {\mu}g\; L^{-1},\; 60 {\mu}g\; L^{-1}$와 100 ${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$의 농도로 약제를 처리하였다. 전체적으로 약제를 처리한 하루 후인 D12에 16%가 치사되었으며 치사 집중 시기는 D12에서 D16까지로 44%가 살충되는 것으로 나타났다. 유충의 치사 발생은 10 ${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$에서는 D12에서 급격히 증가되기 시작하여 시간의 경과에 따라 지속적으로 증가되었다. 30 ${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$이상에서는 D12-D16에 치사가 집중되어 노출농도가 높을수록 치사되는데 걸리는 기간이 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 비처리시에는 실험에 투입된 개체수의 78%가 번데기에 도달하였으나 10${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$에서는 17%에 그쳤으며 30${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$에서는 5%에 불과하였다. 비처리에서는 75%가 성충으로 우화에 성공하였으나 10${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$ 이상에서는 소수 관찰되었다. 성충으로 성공한 개체는 D26에서 D29까지 집중적으로 우화가 발생하였다. 번데기 상태에서 치사가 나타난 시기는 30 ${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$에서는 D19-D20에 나타난 반면에 비처리시에는 D32, 10${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$에서는 D33에서부터 나타나기 시작하였다. 비처리시에 D32-D34에 번데기 치사가 발생하였으나 10 ${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$ 노출에서는 오히려 더 늦어져 D33-D37까지 번데기 치사가 관찰되었다. 저농도인 10${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$에서는 탈피호르몬 작용을 교란시키는 tebufenozide의 효과로 생각단계가 지연되고 있음을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 1994

The prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) produced by the neurosecretory cells in insects is involved in molting and metamorphosis by activating the prothoracic frins) glands to secrete ecdysone (or related ecdvsteroidsl. In the present study, the small PTTH-like gene was isolated by screening of CDNA library using the bombvxin (corresponding to small PTTH in Bombvx moril gene probe in Drosophilo melonogaster. It showed 50-6096 sequence homology to bombyxin gene. The expression patterns of this gene showed developmental stage- and tissue-dependent manners. The mRNA was detected only in the late third instar larval-prepupa which is stases showing the highest hormonal activity to secrete ecdysteroids, and detected in the brain pan of the Isle third instar lanrae.