• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.331-338
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of noni (Morinda citrifolia) powder on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of ground pork meat. Four samples of ground pork meat were prepared as follow: CON without noni powder, NP0.5 with 0.5% noni powder, NP1.0 with 1.0% noni powder, and NP1.5 with 1.5% noni powder. The moisture content of CON was the highest (p<0.05). The ash, fiber, fat retention, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, lightness, and yellowness increased with the addition of the noni powder (p<0.05). The protein, fat, water holding capacity, cooking yield, moisture retention, springiness,and redness of the cooked meat were not significantly different among the samples. The pH of CON was the highest among the samples (p<0.05). The TBARS of CON, NP0.5, NP1.0, and NP1.5 were 0.48, 0.41, 0.36 and 0.34 mg/kg, respectively, and the NP1.5 was the lowest (p<0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of CON, NP0.5, NP1.0, and NP1.5 were 10.4%, 20.8%, 34.6% and 45.3%, respectively, and the NP1.5 was the highest (p<0.05). Consequently, these results support the possible use of noni powder for meat product industry, as addition of noni powder enhances the antioxidant activities of ground pork meat.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the physiological responses of Oplopanax elatus by water condition. Drought stress was induced by withholding water for 26 days. The results show that $P_{N\;max}$, SPAD, gs, E and Ci were significantly decreased with decreasing of soil moisture contents. However, AQY and WUE were decreased slightly only at 26 day. This implies that photosynthetic rate is reduced due to an inability to regulate water and $CO_2$ exchange through the stomatal. According to JIP analysis, ${\Phi}_{PO}$, ${\Psi}_O$, ${\Phi}_{EO}$ and $PI_{ABS}$ were dramatically decreased at 21 day and 26 day, which reflects the relative reduction state of the photosystem II. On the other hand, the relative activities per reaction center such as ABS/RC, TRo/RC were significantly increased at 26 day. Particularly, Dio/RC and DIo/CS increased substantially under drought stress, indicating that excessive energy was consumed by heat dissipation. These results of chlorophyll a fluorescence show that the sensitivity changes photosystem II activity. Thus, according to the results, O. elatus was exhibited a strong reduction of photosynthetic activity to approximately 10% soil moisture contents, and JIP parameters could be useful indicator to monitor the physiological states of O. elatus under drought stress.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.367-377
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• 2018

In this study, baked rice donuts with added psyllium seed husk were manufactured and their quality and retrogradation characteristics were investigated. Control (Con) was made only with wheat flour; Psyllium seed husk in the amount of 8, 12, 16 and 20 grams was added to make rice donuts (P8, P12, P16 and P20). Higher amounts of psyllium seed husk reduced the moisture loss and baking loss, and increased the moisture content and water holding capacity of the donuts. The specific volume of Con was the highest of all the groups. As the amount of psyllium seed husk increased, the lightness and yellowness of the crumb decreased, and the redness of the crumb increased. Hardness also increased as the amount of psyllium seed husk increased. The hardness of P16 was the most similar to that of Con. The scanning electron microscopy images also identified that the structure of the donuts got denser as the amount of psyllium seed husk increased. Rate constant (k) of the rice donuts with psyllium seed husk were lower than that of Con. In conclusion, it is considered that P16 is the sample that is the most similar to Con in terms of texture, but the retrogradation was more retarded in P16 than Con.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.233-241
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• 2005

The paper is presented experimental study results on bond stress between profiled steel and concrete in Profiled SPC(Profiled Steel Plate Concrete) rectangular steel tubes through an experimental program in which 13 pull-out specimens were tested. Advantages and class of composite members and current problems of construction work are noted, past research of PSSC is described. An experimental study is described and evaluated. The bond capacity is interrelated with slip at the steel concrete interface. The factors influencing the mechanism of bond stress transfer were the cross section shape, length/diameter, diameter/thickness and environmental parameters (temperature, moisture). The results of experimental program indicated that the force transfer could be characterized into two regions The first region was governed by bond with no relative slip between the profiled steel and concrete. The second region occurs after the chemical debonding. Bond stress transfer in this region was governed by frictional resistance between profiled steel and concrete and cross section shapes. The important factors influencing the magnitude of frictional resistance are the profiled steel shapes, length/diameter and environmental parameters. (temperature, moisture)

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.635-640
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• 2009

In this study, muffins were made with the addition of 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% of Chungkukjang powder and, the quality characteristics, such as volume, height, appearance, chromaticity and moisture contents, were measured using SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope) measurement, texture tests and sensory tests. In the regards to volume, as the added amount of added Chungkukjang increased, the volume also increased. There was no significant difference in the height and moisture content of the muffins at the different Chungkukjang powder concentrations. Using SEM, it was shown that as the amount of added Chungkukjang increased, the gluten content decreased, which in turn caused the formation of thick cell membranes and rough pores and reduced gluten composition capacity. Luminosity L value in Chungkukjang muffin decreased as the amount of added Chungkukjang powder increased. There was significant difference in the red chromaticity a value and yellow chromaticity b value among the samples (p<0.05). The results of the texture test showed that the hardness of the Chungkukjang muffin decreased as the amount of added Chungkukjang increased. In addition, as the amount of added Chungkukjang increased, the adhesiveness decreased. There was no significant difference in springing, chewiness and gumminess among the samples. There was a significant difference in the cohesiveness among all other samples in cohesiveness (p<0.05). The results of the sensory test showed that the wave form of the Chungkukjang muffin decreased as the amount of added Chungkukjang increased. The pore of the muffin increased as the amount of added Chungkukjang increased. The color quality of the muffin decreased as the amount of added Chungkukjang increased. In terms of overall acceptability, 6% Chungkukjang was shown to result in the highest preference level.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.625-632
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• 2015

Drought is a severe abiotic stress that affects global crop production. A drought model was created for 'Toyonoka' Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa, and the effects of drought stress on contents of proline, sugars, and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. Strawberry transplants with identical growth were chosen for the experiments and the randomized design included four replications (10 plants per block). The experimental sets differed in the moisture level of the culture medium relative to the range of moisture content as follows: control, 70-85%; mild drought stress, 50-60%; moderate drought stress, 40-50%; and severe drought stress, 30-40%. Drought stress was imposed by limiting irrigation. Plants were sampled and physiological parameters w ere measured on 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after the commencement of droughts tress. The water potential of strawberry leaves decreased in the plants under mild, moderate, and severe stress during the course of the water stress treatment and exhibited a significant difference from the control. Strawberry leaves subjected to drought stress had higher accumulation of proline, sugars, and malondialdehyde, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase than leaves of control plants. Malondialdehyde levels increased in parallel with the severity and duration of drought stress. By contrast, antioxidant enzyme activity displayed dynamic responses to drought stress, first increasing and subsequently decreasing as the severity and duration of drought stress increased. These results suggest that strawberry plants respond to drought stress by altering the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of osmotically active metabolites. These biochemical response changes may confer adaptation to drought stress and improve the capacity of plants to withstand water-deficit conditions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.478-485
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• 2019

As environmentally sound agriculture emphasize gradually as well as the importance of environment, many studies on weed and soil nematode control of new concept which does not affect adversely environment are in progress. For this purpose, plant seeds which are representative weed species in field were selected and treated with microwave having generating capacity of $17.73kw/m^3$, and investigated germination rates of weed seeds and the number of soil nematode according to soil moisture contents, soil depth and irradiation times. The microwave effect on the germination rates was extremely high in soil moisture content of 40% and irradiation time over 40 seconds for irradiation time, while soil depth did not affect germination rate. In view of the results so far achieved, it seems that universal dispersed microwave system is effective for the control of weed seeds.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.269-281
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• 2023

In this study, we evaluate the effect of gelatin coating and sonication of wet-aged pork loin on quality. The moisture content of wet-aged pork loin with sonication and gelatin coating was the highest in the G5S sample (5% gelatin coating and sonication), while the moisture content of wet-aged pork loin with sonication was higher than that without sonication. The pH of wet-aged pork loin with sonication was lower than that without sonication. The aging loss of 5% gelatin coating with sonication was significantly lower than that of G0 (control), while the cooking loss was the lowest in G0 wet-aged pork loin. The water holding capacity of the wet-aged pork loin was the highest in G1. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value of wet-aged pork loin was significantly decreased with coating and not affected by sonication. The gelatin coating and sonication treatment significantly increased the myofibrillar fragmentation index of the samples. Shear force of wet-aged pork loin significantly decreased as the samples were gelatin-coated and sonicated. The myofibrillar and total protein solubilities were not significantly different between samples. In conclusion, the 1% gelatin coating with sonication can enhance the quality of wet-aged pork loin.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2024

An expansive soil in 4970 special railway line in Dangyang City, China, has encountered a series of landslides due to the expansion characteristics of expansive soil over the past 50 years. Thereafter, a sheet-pile retaining structure was adopted to fortify the expansive soil slope after a comprehensive discussion. In order to evaluate the efficacy of engineering measure of sheet-pile retaining structure, the field test was carried out to investigate the lateral pressure and pile bending moment subjected to construction and service conditions, and the local daily rainfall was also recorded. It took more than 500 days to carry out the field investigation, and the general change laws of lateral pressure and pile bending moment versus local daily rainfall were obtained. The results show that the effect of rainfall on the moisture content of backfill behind the wall decreases with depth. The performance of sheet-pile retaining structure is sensitive to the intensity of rainfall. The arching effect is reduced significantly by employing a series of sheet behind piles. The lateral pressure behind the sheet exhibits a single-peak distribution. The turning point of the horizontal swelling pressure distribution is correlated with the self-weight pressure distribution of soil and the variation of soil moisture content. The measured pile bending moment is approximately 44% of the ultimate pile capacity, which indicates that the sheet-pile retaining structure is in a stable service condition with enough safety reserve.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2003

Korea has plentiful precipitation but rainfall events concentrate on several months of rainy season in her weather condition. Korea, therefore, experiences drought for a given period every year. Moreover the soil has usually low water holding capacity, as it is composed coarse particles originated from the granite. Response of several oaks and the Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) on water stress showed that water budget was significant factor determining vegetation distribution. In addition, dehydration level due to cold resistance mechanism of several evergreen plants during the winter season was closely related to their distribution in natural condition. Experimental result under water stress showed that the Korean red pine was very tolerant to desiccation but the seedlings showed high mortality during the dry season. The mortality tended to proportionate to soil moisture content of each site. A comparison between soil moisture content during June when it is severe dry season and moisture content of the culture soil when the pine seedlings reached the permanent wilting point due to water withheld proved that high mortality during the dry season was due to water deficit. Water potential of sample plants measured during the exposure experiment to the air pollutant showed a probability that water related factors would dominate the occurrence of visible damage and the tolerance level of sample plants. In both field survey and laboratory experiment, plants exposed to air pollution showed more rapid transpiration than those grown in the unpolluted condition. The result would due to injury of leaf surface by air pollutants. Aluminum (Al/sup 3+/) increased in the acid soil not only inhibits root growth but also leads to abnormal distribution of root system and thereby caused water stress. The water stresses due to air pollution and soil acidification showed a possibility that they play dominating roles in inducing forest decline additionally to the existing water deficit due to weather and soil conditions in Korea. Sludge, which can contribute to improve field capacity, as it is almost composed of organic matter, showed an effect ameliorating the retarded growth of plant in the acidified soil. The effect was not less than that of dolomite known in widely as such a soil ameliorator. Litter extract contributed also to mitigate the water stress due to toxic Al/sup 3+/. We prepared a model showing the potential interaction of multiple stresses, which can cause forest decline in Korea by synthesizing those results. Furthermore, we suggested restoration plans, which can mitigate such forest decline in terms of soil amelioration and vegetation restoration.